• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

The aim of the present study was to update the calibration that is used for the measurement of the total nitrogen content in the rice plant samples by using the visible and near infrared spectrum. Before the equation merge, correlation coefficient of calibration equation for nitrogen content on each rice parts was 0.945 (Leaf), 0.928 (Stem), and 0.864 (Whole plant), respectively. In the calibration models created by each part in the rice plant under the various regression method, the calibration model for the leaf was recorded with relatively high accuracy. Among of those, the calibration equation developed by Partial least squares (PLS) method was more accurate than the Multiple linear regression (MLR) method. The calibration equation was sensitive based on variety and location variations. However, we have merged and enlarged various of the samples that made not only to measure the nitrogen content more accurately, but also later sampling populations became more diversified. After merging, $R^2$ value becomes more accurate and significantly to 0.950 (L.), 0.974 (S.), 0.940 (W.). Also, after removal of outlier, R2 values increased into 0.998, 0.995, and 0.997. In view of the results so far achieved, Standard error of prediction (SEP) and SEP (C) were reduced in the stem and whole plant. Biases were reduced in the leaf, stem as well as whole plant. Slopes were high in the stem. Standard deviation reduced in the stem but $R^2$ was high in the stem and whole plant. Result was indicated that calibration equation make update, and updating robust calibration equation from merge function and multi-variate calibration.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2015

This study was carried out to develop the economic thresholds for the control of bacterial spot of red pepper. The correlation between diseased leaf rate and yield in field was Y=-0.724X+281.58, $R^2=0.78$, $r=-0.88^{**}$. The correlation between diseased leaf rate and yield loss in field was Y=0.813X+15.95, $R^2=0.78$, $r=0.88^*$.We found that control thresholds was below 30.3% diseased leaves rate per plant in field. The economic control thresholds for bacterial spot of red pepper was below 16.3%.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.62-64
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• 2012

Anthracnose was occurred on black raspberry (Rubus coreanus) grown at Gochang areas of Korea during the period of 2003-2009. Black raspberry was afflicted by anthracnose with initial lesion of dark brown circular spots on the naturally infected stems and petioles. The irregular spots was either fused or progressed into circular or elliptical shape. The causal fungi of anthracnose were isolated from the diseased plants and identified as Colltotrichum gloeosporioides, C. coccodes and C. acutatum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. All isolates of C. gloeosporioides, C. coccodes and C. acutatum produced similar symptoms under pathogenic examination through artificial inoculation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.266-275
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• 2017

The maximum sustained yield (MSY) of shellfish caught through dredge fishery was 7,250 to 7,490 MT from 1990 to 1999, which was not affected by the construction of the Saemangeum Dike. The MSY from 2000 to 2016, under the influence of the dike, was 1,716 to 1,776 MT when the total annual fish catch was 1,000 MT or more, and 289 to 336 MT when it was less than 1,000 MT. The construction of the Saemangeum Dike led to a decrease in the catch volume of the offshore dredge fishery in Jeollabuk-do, to 4.2 to 23.7% of that before its construction. The allowable biological catch (ABC) was estimated to be 313 to 1,532 MT per year, which was about 72.3 to 94.3% less than before the construction of Saemangeum Dike. Currently, the dredge fishery in Jeollabuk-do relies on comb pen shells. For fishery management, the catch per vessel should be set at 51.0 MT/year or less, and the number of fishing vessels should be reduced to 22 as quickly as possible. Besides, in the long term, the number of current fishing vessels should be reduced to less than half in consideration of the comb pen shell collecting period in Jeollabuk-do.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2017

This study was aimed at investigating effluent water quality and proposing reuse possibilities for 12 sewage treatment plants discharged more than $5,000m^3/day$ in order to recycle the sewage treatment plant effluent of Jeollabuk-do effectively. Additionally, a laboratory scale test for reprocessing water discharge was performed. Categories of reclaimed sewage water reuse were divided into 7 topics and analyzed a total of 28 items including 16 heavy metals based on water quality standard. As a results, color, BOD, TN, chloride and Electrical Conductivity (EC) exceeded reused water quality standard. In particular, color and TN exceeded in 8 and 5 sewage treatment plants, respectively. The value of chloride and EC were high in sewage treatment plants including the food and industrial wastewater. At 4 sewage treatment plants were possible to reuse without re-treatment. The laboratory scale test was conducted to SandFilter (SF)-Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)-MicroFiltraion (MF)-Reverse Osmosis (RO). Both the removal efficiencies and economic feasibility of total E. coli., color and Suspended Solid (SS) suited in case using the SF-GAC treatment method. The removal of chloride and EC had little effect in the case of SF-GAC-MF system, but RO showed over 90% of removal efficiency. After using SF-GAC process only, the concentration of $UV_{254}$ decreased sharply from 0.3651 /cm to 0.0306 /cm and it showed over 92% of removal efficiency rate. In conclusion, for the effective reuse of sewage discharged water, water quality and the surrounding terrain of treatment plants should be all taken into account. If it needed for the reprocessing, both the selection for treatment and economic combination treatment methods will have to be considered.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.134-138
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• 2008

Nerine from south africa and its sparkling flower shape make us estimate it as a hopeful kind of cut follow. There was a few studies on Nerine in korea. We started this study to set bulb propagation methods. The propagation by tissue culture was changeable according to the growth regulators The best growth regulator combination which makes a lot of Bulblet was NAA $0{\sim}0.5$ + BA $0.5{\sim}2.0mg\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$ in Nerine bowdenii ‘Favourite’ and Nerine sarniens ‘Red’ respectively. The adjust culture media source for tissue culture were glucose 9% as a carbon source and ($NH_4+NO_3$) 40mM as a nitrogen source. When glucose was used as a carbon source, Bulblet were harvested a little bit low then sucrose but comparative emergence rate was so high that it is good for carbon source in nerine tissue culture. When we consist culture media as MS+BA $1.0mg\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$+sucose 7% + ($NH_4+NO_3$) 40mM, the produced Bulblet were reached up to 1.7 each per bulb and emergence rate was up to 100% irrespective of acclimatization period. The suitable culture explant for nerine tissue culture was scale. When scale was cultured with MS+BA $1.0mg\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$+sucose 7%, its propagation efficiency was 54 times greater than using growing point. A proper culture part of the scaly leaf was middle part (8 scaly leaf from outer 8th scaly leaf) when middle part was cultured the number of Bulblet were up to 1.8 each per explant.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.525-545
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• 2014

This study seeks to clarify the influence of the stage migration which has proceeded through generations, on the population growth of local cities in the case of Jeollabuk-do. For this, setting to baby boomer as parents generation and echo boomer as their children, this study traces each generation's birth, distribution and the process of selective migration using aggregate level data. And the stage migration is analyzed by O-D, divided into three regions in each; Jeollabuk-do rural areas, Jeollabuk-do cities and other provinces. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, it was estimated that the number of the baby boomer births in Jeollabuk-do rural areas was seven times more numerous than in cities. Second, both rural and urban born baby boomers overwhelmingly moved into other provinces, especially Seoul metropolitan area and metropolis in their selective migration processes. However, there was also migration stream from rural areas to cities in Jeollabuk-do and the amount of this stream was approximately equal to the amount of outflux from cities in Jeollabuk-do to other provinces. Third, due to baby boomers' stage migration, from rural to urban, echo boomers were born in cities more than in rural areas. Fourth, urban born echo boomers still have moved into other provinces just like their parents generation in selective migration process. But comparing with baby boomer, the number of echo boomers influx from rural areas to cities has decreased. Consequentially the population of echo boomer in Jeollabuk-do cities also has decreased. Finally, the stage migration has been a basic cause of the social growth of urban population, and also influenced on the natural growth, closely connected with migrants' life course, such as marriage, childbirth and rearing. Therefore, this study concludes that the stage migration through generations is one of the crucial factor to understand the population growth in local cities.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2012

Demand is increasing for new functional and health food such as natually colored or flavored rices. Shinongheugchal, Shinmyeongheugchal, colored glutinous rice, were breed as new variety in Jeollabuk-do ARES. Shinongheugchal and Shinmyeongheugchal are medium to late maturing cultivars and higher than Heugnambyeo in term of C3G content. It was conducted to improve the quality of Shinongheugchal, Shinmyeongheugchal in different cultivation regions, transplanting time. The cultivation regions was Jinan (mid-mountainous area) and Iksan (plain area). Transplanting time was May. 20, May. 25 May 30 and Jun. 5 in Jinan, that of Iksan was Jun. 5, Jun. 10, Jun. 15 and Jun. 20. The average heading date of Shinongheugchal and Shinmyeongheugchal was Aug. 13, Aug. 19 and Aug. 15, Aug. 22 in Jinan and Iksan. The average yield of Shinongheugchal(brown rice) in Jinan was 514 $kg\;10a^{-1}$ and that of in Iksan was 529 $kg\;10a^{-1}$. The average yield of Shinmyeongheugchal(brown rice) in Jinan was 508 $kg\;10a^{-1}$ and that of in Iksan was 511 $kg\;10a^{-1}$. The average C3G content of Shinongheugchal in Jinan was 273.9 mg/100g, that of in Iksan was 228.2 mg/100g. The average C3G content of Shinmyeongheugchal in Jinan was 126.3 mg/100g, that of in Iksan was 101 mg/100g. The optimal transplanting date was May 30 in Jinan and June 10 in Iksan considering the yield and C3G content in Shinongheugchal. The optimal harvesting date of Shinongheugchal in Iksan was 50 days after heading.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

The late-maturing black rice cultivar Shinnongheugchal from Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Service was used as the plant material for estimating growth characters, quality and yield from the vegetation period to harvest age. This study was performed to select an optimum combination of nitrogen level and planting density for the maximum yield of Shinnongheugchal. The plant height, number of tillers, and SPAD index were higher when the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level was used at 30 days after transplanting. The heading date for the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 15 kg/10 a nitrogen level, and 80 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 15 kg/10 a nitrogen level was August 22. The heading date for the other combinations was August 21. The combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level yielded the highest number of tillers at 40 days after flowering. Even though the lodging index was increased with increasing nitrogen levels, field lodging did not occur until harvest time. Seed nitrogen concentration in the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level showed a significant difference when compared with the other combinations. The black rice yield varied significantly, and the highest yield was observed in the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level. The yield was significantly correlated with seed nitrogen concentration. The maximum yield was estimated to be 14.67 kg/10 a nitrogen level by using the regression equation. On average, the coloring degree of the black rice was higher at planting density of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ than at 80 hills per $3.3m^2$. The highest yield of perfect black rice was obtained using the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level. Our findings demonstrate that a nitrogen level of 13-14 kg/10 a can be used to obtain the maximum yield from Shinnongheugchal with yield, cyanidin 3-glucoside content, and perfect black rice yield as the standard.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the selected soil chemical properties of paddy fields in different topographic areas to efficiently manage nutrient valances of the paddy fields in Jeonbuk Province. Three-hundred soil sampling sites in paddy fields were selected from the different topographic areas in Jeonbuk Province. The soil samples were collected every four years from 1999 to 2015. Soil pH and exchangeable K and Mg concentrations declined during the experimental periods. However, almost all the chemical properties were within the proper levels for paddy soil, except exchangeable Mg concentration. Distributed areas of the paddy fields with soil pH below 5.5 continuously increased, but the paddy fields with lower concentrations of soil organic matter and available $P_2O_5$ than the proper levels declined after 2007. In addition, the paddy fields with available $SiO_2$ below the proper concentration decreased from 83.3% of the total paddy fields studied in 1999 to 61.0% of the total fields investigated in 2015. The paddy fields with lower exchangeable K and Mg than the proper levels increased after 2003 whereas the fields with lower exchangeable Ca concentration decreased. Dominant landform of coastal and plain areas was fluvio-marine plains that was distributed in 53.7% and 40.9%, respectively. Local valley and fans was a dominant landform of mountainous and middle-mountainous areas, which was 51.8% and 67.6%, respectively. Dominant soil textures distributed in coastal and plain areas were silty loam and loam. Those in mountainous and middle-mountainous areas were sandy loam and loam, respectively. Soil pH was relatively higher in coastal area and the comparatively higher content of soil organic matter was found in costal area than other areas. The concentrations of available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg were generally higher in mountainous, coastal, plain areas, respectively, but available $SiO_2$ and exchangeable K concentrations were not significantly different among the different topographic areas.