• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.844-851
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• 2014

This study focused on the anti-oxidative and collagenase- and elastase inhibition effects of low molecular weight peptides (LMP) from commercial Jeju horse leg bone hydrolysates (JHLB) on pancreatin, via enzymatic hydrolysis. Cell viability of dermal fibroblasts exposed to UVB radiation upon treatment with LMP from JHLB was evaluated. Determination of the antioxidant activity of various concentrations of LMP from JHLB were carried out by assessing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of LMP from JHLB (20 mg/mL) was 92.21% and ABTS radical scavenging activity (15 mg/mL) was 99.50%. FRAP activity (30 mg/mL) was $364.72{\mu}M/TE$ and ORAC activity (1 mg/mL) was $101.85{\mu}M/TE$. The anti-wrinkle potential was assessed by evaluating the elastase- and collagenase inhibition potential of these LMP. We found that 200 mg/mL of LMP from JHLB inhibited elastase activity by 41.32%, and 100 mg/mL of LMP from JHLB inhibited collagenase activity by 91.32%. The cell viability of untreated HS68 human dermal fibroblasts was 45% when exposed to a UVB radiation dose of $100mJ/cm^2$. After 24 h of incubation with $500{\mu}g/mL$ LMP from JHLB, the cell viability increased to 60%. These results indicate that LMP from JHLB has potential utility as an anti-oxidant and anti-wrinkle agent in the food and cosmetic industry. Additional in vivo tests should be carried out to further characterize these potential benefits.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1165-1176
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• 2019

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by Clostridium botulinum, are the most toxic substances known. However, the number of currently approved medical countermeasures for these toxins is very limited. Therefore, studies on therapeutic antitoxins are essential to prepare for toxin-related emergencies. Currently, more than 10,000 Halla horses, a crossbreed between the native Jeju and Thoroughbred horses, are being raised in Jeju Island of Korea. They can be used for equine antitoxin experiments and production of hyperimmune serum against BoNT/A1. Instead of the inactivated BoNT/A1 toxoid, Halla horse was immunized with the receptor-binding domain present in the C-terminus of heavy chain of BoNT/A1 (BoNT/A1-HCR) expressed in Escherichia coli. The anti-BoNT/A1-HCR antibody titer increased rapidly by week 4, and this level was maintained for several weeks after boosting immunization. Notably, $20{\mu}l$ of the week-24 BoNT/A1-HCR(-immunized) equine serum showed an in vitro neutralizing activity of over 8 international units (IU) of a reference equine antitoxin. Furthermore, $20{\mu}l$ of equine serum and $100{\mu}g$ of purified equine $F(ab^{\prime})_2$ showed 100% neutralization of 10,000 $LD_{50}$ in vivo. The results of this study shall contribute towards optimizing antitoxin production for BoNT/A1, which is essential for emergency preparedness and response.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Septic tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) is a potentially career-ending and life-threatening problem in horses. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of tenoscopy for the treatment of acute septic digital flexor tenosynovitis in horses. Tenoscopy was performed on 13 Thoroughbred horses with acute septic tenosynovitis of the DFTS. Surgical time was 56-148 min (mean 85.6 min, median 84.0 min). In the synovial fluid analysis, mean white blood cell count, mean neutrophil proportion, and mean total protein were $42.9{\times}10^3cells/{\mu}l$ (range, $7.2-109.5cells/{\mu}l$), 89.5% (range, 68-97%), and 4.0 g/dl (range, 2.5-5.2 g/dl), respectively. Microbial growth in the synovial fluid culture was detected in 2 of 11 horses. All horses survived and returned to their intended use without complications. The present study demonstrated that the tenoscopy is useful for treating acute septic tenosynovitis of the DFTS in horses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.440-452
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine if an 8-week therapeutic riding (TR) program was effective in improving the walking ability of students with intellectual disabilities. Thirteen students diagnosed with intellectual disabilities participated in the TR program. TR sessions were conducted twice a week (30 min per session), with a total of 16 rides taking place over an 8-week period. A gait measurement analyzer was used to measure progress based on a turn test (6-m walking and turning test), walk test (10-m walking), and timed up and go (TUG) test. Measurements were made three times: before horse-riding (P0), after 4 weeks (8 rides) of horse-riding (P1), and after 8 weeks (16 rides) of horse-riding (P2). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (ver. 22.0). Descriptive statistics were generated on the general characteristics of the subjects, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the data. Because of the lack of normality, the data were analyzed using a nonparametric method and the significance level was set to 0.05. Measurements of the duration of the forward gait cycle (s) in the turn test and the forward gait speed (m/s) in the walk test indicated improved walking ability after the TR program (p < 0.001); the stride length (% height) also increased significantly (p < 0.05). The walk test revealed a significant effect of the program on the duration of the forward gait cycle (p < 0.05), while there were significant improvements on the left and right of the elaborated strides (p < 0.001). No significant improvement in TUG test performance was observed after the TR program. In this study, an 8-week TR program had positive results on gait. Therefore, further research is merited, where TR programs are likely to improve the walking ability of individuals with intellectual disabilities.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.304-306
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• 2017

A 3-year-old Thoroughbred mare was referred to J&C Equine Hospital with gestation day 30 twin pregnancy. On transrectal ultrasonographic examination, two similar sized (28 mm) embryonic vesicles, unilaterally fixed in the uterine horn, were detected. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration (TUGA) was performed for reduction of one embryonic vesicle. Yolk sac and allantoic cavity fluids from one embryonic vesicle were aspirated by a needle guided by using transvaginal ultrasound. The mare continued normal singleton pregnancy after twin reduction and delivered a foal successfully. This is the first case described the clinical use of TUGA in Korea. Clinical use of TUGA in twin reduction after embryonic fixation is recommended for equine clinicians.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2019

Seahorses have long been used as ornamental and medicinal products. The sea horse Hippocampus abdominalis has a beautiful color and unique shape and is also used for ornamental purposes and as a traditional medicine in China. This study examined the value of H. abdominalis as a health functional food or food additive. H. abdominalis was hydrolyzed using seven proteases: flavourzyme, neutrase, alcalase, trypsin, kojizyme, pepsin and protamex. The yields of all of the enzyme hydrolysates were higher than that of the aqueous extract. Of the enzymatic hydrolysates, seahorse Protamex hydrolysate (SHP) gave the highest yield and had excellent antioxidant and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activities. It protected Vero cells against oxidative by 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and antihypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. This study attempted to demonstrate H. abdominalis as a health functional food or food additive in the future.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2011

Coital exanthema of Thoroughbred horses had occurred firstly in Republic of Korea. This study was performed to evaluate clinical features of coital exanthema, and provide veterinary knowledge to equine practitioner as well as horse farms. The method was clinical, clinical pathology and sexual hormone, electron microscope and libido examination. Five stallions of 27, 45 broodmares of 416 showed clinical symptoms but 124 foals and a teaser did not show any abnormal appearance. Five stallion had papule, pustule, crust around a glans, body of penis, prepuce and remain decolorized spot after treatment. One laceration of glans and 3 gait disorder had been observed but it did not affect libido. Forty-five broodmares localized had papule, pustule, crust, and ulceration around perineal region, vulva, mucocutaneous junction remain decolorized spot after treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.132-134
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• 2017

Streptococcus equi subsp. equi which is a Gram-positive bacteria causes strangles a highly contagious disease that affects the respiratory system of the horse. The disease is characterized by fever, nasal discharges and enlargement of the lymph nodes in the head and upper neck region. This study was performed to monitor the level of serum strangles antibody titers of horses in Jeju. A total of clinically healthy 122 horses (41 horses less than 5 months, 81 horses more than 1 years old) were included in this study. Serum antibody titers against strangles were measured by means of Passive haemagglutination (PHA) titers. As the results, the level of foals was definitely low. The results of this study have shown that there is a need to consider the vaccination against strangles infection at foals.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2006

This work describes an outbreak of strangles due to Streptococcus equi subsp. equi in 1 to 2 years old Thoroughbred horses. A total of 7 samples were collected from 5 horses in two different horse farms during 2003. Six ${\beta}$-hemolytic colonies selected from each sample were identified by biochemical tests using API STREPTO followed by PCR amplification which is able to recognize unique region of SeM gene of S. equi subsp. equi. All colonies selected from the ruptured lymphadenitis of 2 horses in farm A were identified as S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimillis. It seems to be secondary infection because the sampling sites have been already opened and the horses have been treated with antibiotics for a week. All colonies from 2 submandibular lymphadenitis samples in Farm B were S. equi subsp. equi while the isolates from 3 nasal discharges in this farm were mixed with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.347-358
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• 2004

In Mongolia which consists of nomadic populations, horse has been loved by nomads and considered most important transportation means. Horses have been used when they were making long journey looking for new plain ground for grazing. Therefore, horse is closely connected with Mongolian nomadic culture. In Korea, too, horses had been considered one of most important means for transportation and military. The symbolism of horse that is represented in both Mongolia and Korea is Heavenly Horse which communicates with the God and it was sanctified as a Sacrificing Horse which was sent to God for sacrifice, and it was even worshiped as Divine Horse, the diety. As is the case of two of Mongolian customs associated with Mongolian language are 'the ceremony of horse's giving birth her young' and 'the ceremony of letting the mare go where it was before', all the cases are related with cattle's milk. The ceremony of 'horse's giving birth her young' is the ceremony where people hope that they would see the young can grow well which were born in early summer thus increasing the numbers of horse. To go with this, they perform a ceremony of Chachal in which they sprinkle the best quality white milk which is the symbol of good luck and hope they would produce plentiful of dairy products. The ceremony of 'letting the mare go where it was before' is also the ceremony where people hope to have many new born young horses thus produce more dairy products and Airag for the next year as milking is no more available for that you. Since the unified Silla Era, Koreans have performed a sacrifice rituals to horse in auspicious day. It's purpose is to see their horses get no disease and bear as many youngs as possible. The Back Ins Je, one of well blown festivals in Jeju Island, was originated from people's wish to prosper in stock farming. It can be said that the custom of Korea and Mongolia related with horse's giving birth was originated from the wishes to god for fertility and fecundity. On top of that, while Mongolians sprinkled horse's milk both on the ground and to the air hoping they would have increased houses and, thus, secure many dairy products, Koreans wish that they would see the increased number of horses and their healthy conditions through heavenly rituals.