• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2002

In order to control of water quality in Jeju harbor, variation of physical oceanographic environments was estimated using material cycle model. It is composed of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the simulation at water flow and material cycle model for the simulation of water quality. The three dimensional hydrodynamic model simulation of the circulation and mixing in Jeju Harbor has been conducted forced by Sanzi River Discharge, Tidal elevation, wind and Solar heat in case of August and November, 2000 and February and May, 2001, respectively. The results of numerical model and observation show that the model can produce realistic results of current in the harbor. The monthly variation of velocity pattern are not so much changed are found In Jeju Harbor. The residual current was forced by temperature, salinity, density, wind and tidal current. The residual current of August, 2000 are the strongest among four month. It can be explained that the density effect can be important role in residual current at Jeju Harbor. As the results of salinity distribution simulation, very low concentration of all levels were simulated in August, 2000. The flowrate of Sanzi river was investigated 77,760 ㎥ /d in August, 2000. Therefore, pollutant loadings from Sanzi river should be considered for water quality management in Jeiu harbor.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of water quality in Jeju harbor and to estimate pollutant loadings discharged into Jeju Harbor. To know characteristics of water quality in Jeju harbor, and pollutant loadings of Sanzi river, we have investigated from August, 2000 to May, 2001. The results showed that the concentrations of COD, DIN and DIP were in the range of 1.00∼4.85 mg/L (mean 2.15 mg/L), 2.14∼74.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$-at/L(mean 12.20 $\mu\textrm{g}$-at/L) and 0.52∼4.00 $\mu\textrm{g}$-at/L(mean 1.18 $\mu\textrm{g}$-at/L), respectively. These values were under III class of seawater quality criteria. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was lower than 16 except for Station 1 in Jeju harbor. Therefore, nitrogen was playing an important role in phytoplankton growth as limiting factor in Jeju harbor. The mean values of eutrophication index were exceeding 1, which was the eutrophication criteria. The results of estimating pollutant loadings at Sanzi river are 0.30 ton/day for COD, 300 kg/day for DIN and 18.0 kg/day for DIP, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.385-394
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• 2011

Organotin compounds (OTs), namely butyltins compounds (BTs) and phenyltin compounds (PhTs), were measured in surface and core sediments collected in Jeju harbor. The horizontal and vertical distribution was examined and the relationship between the concentration of OTs and organic matter content and particle size distribution was also studied. BTs were detected in significant concentrations in sediments inside Jeju harbor. PhTs were detected in very low concentrations, compared to BTs. The main species in BTs and PhTs were dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), monophenyltin (MPhT), respectively. In the relationships between the concentrations of total BTs and organic carbon content, the significant correlations ($r^2$=0.4898 in surface sediments, $r^2$=0.53 in one core sediments) and no correlation in another core sediments obtained, which is estimated that the distribution of BTs in sediments were affected by several factors, such as their physicochemical properties including organic carbon content, and a tide, etc. In the relationships between the concentrations of total BTs and particle size (mud, sand, and gravel) in sediments, the concentrations of total BTs were higher in the sediments with higher mud content, indicating that higher BTs were distributed with increasing sediments of fine granules.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.639-649
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• 2017

Measurements of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were taken in surface sediments inside Seogwipo and Hallim Harbors of Jeju Island, Korea, to evaluate their distribution. These harbors typically have heavy ship traffic. The samples were collected three times (in June, October, and December, 2013). PCB concentrations in sediments from Seogwipo Harbor were higher than in those from Hallim Harbor, but both levels were very low, compared with those in other parts of the world. Sedimentary PCB levels had a strong correlation with organic carbon and fine granule mud content. PCB concentration values in the examined surface sediments were much lower than Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) such as ER-L (Effect Rrange-Low), TEL (Threshold Effects Level) and ISQG (Interim Sediment Quality Guideline)-low value applied in countries, such as USA, Canada, and Australia. This suggests that the PCBs did not have significant biological effects on benthic organisms in the marine environment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.307-317
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• 2003

In this study, the material cycle model was applied to suggest alternative management of water quality for Jeju Harbor. The distribution of COD, DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) and DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphorus) concentrations was reasonably reproduced by simulations on the model area of the Jeju Harbor using a material cycle model. The simulations of COD, DIN and DIP concentrations were performed under the conditions of 20∼100% pollution loadings reductions from pollution sources. In case of the 100% reduction of the input loads from Sanzi river, concentrations of COD, DM and DIP were reduced to 39%, 78% and 52%, respectively at Jeju harbor. In contrast, in case of the pollutant loadings reductions from sediment, the effect of DIN and DIP reduction relatively seemed to increase around the center of study area. The 95% reduction of the pollutant loadings from river and sediment is required to meet the COD and nutrients concentration of second grade of ocean water quality criteria.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2015

In this study, physico-chemical properties and heavy metal contents of sediment samples were determined to characterize the current pollution levels of the sediments. Ignition loss of the samples obtained from outside of the harbor was relatively lower than that from the samples obtained inside of the harbor. Heavy metal pollution was not serious except Ni. Concentrations of Ni for J1, J3, and J4 exceeded 16 mg/kg. Thus, these areas were classified as lowest effect level according to Ontario sediment quality guidelines. Evaluation of sediments pollution using $I_{geo}$ and R resulted as non-pollution for all considered metals, which indicated that no outer pollutants entered in the Jeju outport harbor. However, drastic increase of Cu concentrations was observed. Its concentration obviously increased toward the inside of the outport harbor. Therefore, careful attention and plan for the protection and remediation of sediments is required to maintain the cleanness of the Jeju outport harbor.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.655-665
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• 2011

Contamination of butyltin compounds (BTs), namely tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), was evaluated in sediments collected inside Jeju Harbor in 2001. The concentrations of BTs in surface sediments were comparable to those in other sites of domestic and foreign countries. The high correlations between BTs in surface ($r^2$ = 0.83~0.91) and core ($r^2$ = 0.70~0.79) sediments and the significant correlations between BTs concentrations and the number of incoming and outgoing vessels indicated that DBT and MBT were mainly degraded from TBT based on antifouling paints of vessels etc. and other sources, such as DBT and MBT, could be ignored. The butyltin degradation indices ([DBT] + [MBT]/[TBT]) in surface sediments were in the range of 2.2~3.6 (mean 2.7), indicating that the parent compound, TBT, was inflowed into the surface sediments a long ago, degraded and deposited. The sedimentation age of BTs contaminated core sediments could not estimated because the content of $^{210}Pb$ activity was nearly all the same and so the sedimentation rate could not obtained.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2011

Butyltin compounds in seawater, sediments and organisms inside Jeju Harbor of Jeju Island, Korea, were quantitatively determined to assess the extent of contamination and to evaluate the bioaccumulation in Thais clavigera (gastropod), Liolophura japonica and Cellana nigrolineata. In addition, imposex in T. clavigera was used to assess the sublethal effect of tributyltin compounds and its usage as a specific biomarker for these compounds was also studied. The main species in seawater was tributyltin (TBT) in March and June, monobutyltin (MBT) in August, but in sediments and organisms it was dibutyltin (DBT) and TBT, respectively, irrespective of survey time. TBT, the most toxic to aquatic organisms among BTs, was found at concentrations which were sufficient to have a serous effect on the sensitive organisms upon chronic exposure. The high correlations (r>0.7) between BTs indicated that DBT and MBT were mainly degraded from TBT based on antifouling paints and their sources were negligible. The sedimentary organic matters have little influence on the distribution of BTs in marine environment and the lipid content in T. clavigera showed a significant correlation with TBT concentrations. Measurement of imposex T. clavigera was expected to be a very helpful tool for preliminary survey of BTs prior to trace analysis of those.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2016

In this paper, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in surface sediments collected three times (June, October, December, 2013), inside Jeju Harbor as major harbors of Jeju Island. The concentration of PCBs inside Jeju Harbor was in the range of 1.62~4.45 (mean) ng/g on a dry weight basis and the levels were very low. In the analysis of PCBS homologue patterns, high-chlorinated PCB congeners were dominant in surface sediments inside Jeju Harbor, indicating that their sources were originated from shipping activity. In the relationships between PCBs concentrations and particle size (mud, sand and gravel) in surface sediments, PCBs concentrations were higher in the sediments with higher mud content, indicating that higher PCBs were distributed with increasing sediments of fine gradules. The PCBs concentrations in surface sediments in this study were very low, compared with ER-L (effect range-low) and TEL (threshold effects level) among sediment quality guideleines (SQGs) applied in foreign countries, such as USA, Canada, and Australia, etc), indicating that their biological effects on the bottom organisms in marine environment were expected to be very low.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.679-686
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• 2011

The characteristics of circulation in the coastal area of Jeju Harbor in Korea was examined using the Princeton Ocean Model(POM) with a sigma coordinate system. The result of numerical analysis well corresponded to the observed current data. The velocity at offshore was stronger compared to coastal area during the both period of in maximum flood and maximum ebb of spring tide. According to mean wind velocity, the tidal velocity at the shallow area of Jocheon was slightly increasing during maximum ebb. The effect of wind on the circulation was stronger in shallow area and showed rapid change with depth.