• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.64-81
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• 2019

Jeju Island is located at a strategic position, making it an important waypoint on the sea routes of East Asia. As a result, the island suffered many foreign invasions throughout history. Especially, it is widely known that Japanese pirates frequently invaded the island as the island was located on their way as they were sailing to China. Therefore, they built various defensive structures across the island. Fortresses, where a small number of defenders may fend off an enemy, were built in multiple places on the island. This was a strategy for the island to defend itself, as it was almost impossible to get prompt support in an emergency from the mainland due to the long distance. Fortresses, or walled cities, were the center of politics, culture, and economy of many areas. Therefore, they are a valuable resource to study the history and geographical characteristics of a place. For this reason, studies on fortresses started quite early on. However, studies on such relics in Jeju Island began very late. The research on fortresses was launched during the Japanese occupation for most mainland areas. However, studies on the relics on Jeju Island began as late as the 1970s. This was because scholars did not understand the importance of the city walls and fortresses on Jeju Island, and there were no researchers who specialized in city walls or fortresses on the island, as well. As archeological research on Jeju Island began to gain momentum, the studies on city walls and fortresses saw progress; however, these studies are still of an elementary level. In this study, the author summarized the status of studies on the city walls and fortress relics in Jeju Island and their preservation/maintenance status by era. According to the findings of this study, there were two Corean-era city wall/fortress relics and thirteen from the Chosun era., The researcher analyzed and presented the status of studies and the current condition of the relics. The status of attached structures was also documented.Furthermore, a short review of the maintenance work performed so far was provided. Also, the researcher mentioned the problems that accompanied the maintenance process of these relics, along with suggestions for improvement that could be referred to in future restoration/maintenance projects.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2014

Service industry is a fundamental field that takes sustainable development of state economy. However the development of service industry in our economy doesn't yet compare to level of developed countries. It is supported by the recent statistics of our service industry. This paper shows regional comparative analysis about the current status of the service industry based on the number of establishments and workers. Using the data of census on establishments in 16 cities and provinces, we analyze the relative ratio for the number of establishments and workers in service industry among total industry in Seoul metropolitan, Gangwon, Chungcheong, Honam, Youngnam and Jeju region. Also we analyze the relative ratio by provinces in each region. We used the data of census on establishment for 7 years from 2006 to 2012, we calculated the relative ratio of the number of establishments and workers in service industry for the 6 regions. And we analyzed the relative ratio by provinces in each region.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2016

The increase in demand for leisure time by the public and the vitalization of agricultural tourism resulting from the expansion of the five-day work week are expected to greatly contribute to the rural economy, but actual studies analyzing the ripple effect of the agricultural tourism industry are lacking. In order to analyze the economic ripple effect, tourism or agricultural tourism must become an independent sector in the inter-industry relations table's sector classification, but because it is not, the study uses a method of analysis which involves creating a satellite account. However, because agricultural tourism has a clear main agent in farms unlike general tourism which does not, there is one method in which provisions are made by farms or farm villages and another method in which outside products are used. The purpose of the present is to measure the economic ripple effect of agricultural tourism with a focus on 162 subclasses by applying positive data from the education sector input into agricultural tourism. Satellite accounts which considered intermediate input were created and applied to positive data, the analysis of which revealed agricultural tourism to account for 462 billion won, which is 0.01% of the total production amount of 3,503,480 billion won, while the production inducement coefficient was 3.2895 units when the final demand of agricultural tourism occurs. When the production inducement coefficient is at 3.2895 units, highest sector was agricultural tourism at 0.9968 units followed by restaurants and bars at 0.3325 units, roadt transportation services at 0.3183 units, lodging services at 0.1520 units, and petroleum products at 0.1290 units.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.309-320
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• 2017

In this study, we developed the activity program for data visualization utilizing scratch and applied it to preliminary coding instructors and then verified its effect. The activity program was developed based on the procedure of ADDIE model based on the result of preliminary requirement analysis conducted for 20 teachers of computer elementary school incumbent primary school. The developed program was organized by "${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$Center for Creative Economy and Innovation" and a total of 21 hours set lectures and practical training for 4 weeks for 3 hours each 3 times per week in "Youth Coding Project" held at "${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$University" It applied to time. Application of the program In order to verify the effect on creativity, Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Figures A and B were introduced and pre- and post tests were carried out. As a result of the verification, it was found that the educational program developed in this research is effective for improving the creativity of the preliminary coding instructors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.6084-6091
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• 2014

This paper presents the GJR GARCH model (Glosten et. al, 1993) to analyze the influences of volume volatilities on price volatilities in the fishery market. For the analysis, this study used the monthly price and volume data of aquacultural flatfish in Jeju. As a result, empirical analysis suggested volatility clustering. The persistency parameter(${\lambda}$) was estimated to be approximately 1 in aquacultural flatfish. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between the conditional variance of supply and that of price for aquacultural flatfish. This means that the general law of supply is valid. Finally, the empirical analysis was that an asymmetric coefficient (${\gamma}$) of GJR GARCH model was negative (-). This means that the higher volatility of volume leads to lower price volatility. That is, it is useful to make government policies that can adjust the volume (stockpiling, stabilizing supply and demand).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.212-217
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the volatility and properties of a time series for tangerine prices in Jeju using the GARCH model of Bollerslev(1986). First, it was found that the time series for the rate of change in tangerine prices had a thicker tail rather than a normal distribution. At a significance level of 1%, the Jarque-Bera statistic led to a rejection of the null hypothesis that the distribution of the time series for the rate of change in tangerine prices is normally distributed. Second, the correlation between the time series was high based on the Ljung-Box Q statistic, which was statistically verified through the ARCH-LM test. Third, the results of the GARCH(1,1) model estimation showed statistically significant results at a significance level of 1%, except for the constant of the mean equation. The persistence parameter value of the variance equation was estimated to be close to 1, which means that there is a high possibility that a similar level of volatility will be present in the future. Finally, it is expected that the results of this study can be used as basic data to optimize the government's tangerine supply and demand control policy.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.97-122
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to analyze production and innovation networks of services in the long-live area of Gangwon and Jeju Provinces and to suggest a policy direction for regional development of rural areas where have been neglected in the knowledge-based information society. Four counties in the Honam Region, the long-live belt of Korea and two cities (Jeonju, Gwangju) are surveyed for the purpose of comparison with the Gangwon and Jeju areas. Production and innovation networks of research and supporting activities and tourist services are analyzed based on intensive interview surveys of the regions. The result of the analysis suggests that the innovation networks among the economic actors have considerable impacts on the innovation processes of the service activities and the service functions in the rural area are somewhat developed with local industry after the practice of local autonomy. The processes of innovation networks are progressed differently by the hierarchy of the regions as well as by the function of services such as research and supporting activities and tourist services. The direction of the rural development in the knowledge-based information society seems to be intensifying the networks among the innovative actors and developing virtual innovation networks for the development of rural innovation systems.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2009

The Ministry of Knowledge and Economy (MKE) establishes the Basic Plan for Long-Term Electricity Supply and Demand(BPE) biannually, a governmental plan for the stable electricity supply. This study investigated the effects of the electric demand forecast on the energy mix. A simplified simulation model was developed, which replaces the WASP program developed by the KPX and verified by comparing both results. Three different electric demand scenarios were devised based upon the 2005 electric demand forecast: Proper, 5 % higher, and 5% lower. The simplified model calculates the energy mix for each scenario of the year 2005. Then it calculates the energy mix for the proper electric demand forecast of the year 2007 using the energy mixes of the three scenarios as the initial conditions, so that it reveals the effect of electric demand forecast of the previous BPE on the energy mix of the next BPE. As the proper electric demand forecasts of the year 2005 and 2007 are the same, there is no change in the previous and the next BPEs. However when the electric demand forecasts were 5% higher in the previous BPE and proper in the next BPE, some of the planned power plant construction in the previous BPE had to be canceled. Similarly, when the electric demand forecasts were 5% lower in the previous BPE and proper in the next BPE, power plant construction should be urgently increased to meet the increased electric demand. As expected the LNG power plants were affected as their construction periods are shorter than coal fired or nuclear power plants. This study concludes that the electric demand forecast is very important and that it has the risk of long term energy mix.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-38
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• 1987

The amount of cargoes by cargo vessels has increased tremendously during the last decade due to the great growth of korea economy. But in spite of this trend, there is rarely the substantial analyzed on the operational status of coastal shipping. In this paper, the characteristics of seaborne cargo and traffic flow of coastal shipping surveyed in detail through the statistical and the origintain and destination (O.D) analysis. Also, the basic ship's tonnage of coastal shipping representing the minimum tonnage which is capable of carrying the given seaborne cargo is suggested through the computer simulation using the data of 1985 year. The results are as follows; 1) the about 80% of total coastal traffic volume is going in/out to the port of Incheon, Busan, Pohang, Samil, Bukpyung, Mukho, Samchuk, and Jeju. 2) The main cargo items such as oil, iron material, cement, anthracite grain, fertilizer, other ore are reached to the about 70% of total amount of coastal trade. 3) ship's tonnage going in/out to the port of Bukpyiung, Busan, Pohang is increasing linearly year by year, and the amount of oil, iron material, cement, anthracite, grain, fertilizer, other ore are also increasing in linear pattern. 4) As a result of simulation, the optimum (basic) ship's tonnage.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.706-713
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• 2012

Global warming caused by greenhouse gases is threatening our ecosystem. Moreover, our food system is in severe danger. Recently the local food system is emerging as an alternative food network, decreasing food miles and carbon dioxide emissions, protecting the safety of our foods, and helping local economy. However, carbon labelling for agricultural products has not been introduced yet in Korea. Accordingly, research on food miles and carbon labelling for agricultural products should be urgently conducted. The study compared the food miles and the carbon dioxide emission of major agricultural products. In addition, the food mileages of garlic and carrot are compared between Korea and China. The results show that radish has the highest carbon dioxide emission, and followed by onion and cabbage. These products are produced from Jeju island and have a high Shipment volume. Although Chinese Garlic and radish have lower shipping volume and food miles than Koreans, they have higher carbon dioxide emissions due to ship transportation. Based on these results some valuable implications can be identified. Current food distribution system, which heavily focuses on the Metropolitan area, should be changed into a local system, in which foods are consumed in the local area first then transported to other area.