• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2017

This study was carried out to estimate the parameters of stem taper functions, to figure out the best taper model by species, and to compare with previous studies by species, targeting on the stemmed tree samples collected from the Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis), and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi ) stands in Gangwon and North Gyeongsang provinces of South Korea. The seven widely used models were applied in this study, and Muhairwe 1999 model for Korean red pine and Korean white pine and Kozak 2002 model for Japanese larch were evaluated as the best model for each species according to the fit statistics and the predicted stem form comparison. In addition, the predicted diameter was suitably fitted when comparing the previous studies, and the values were more appropriate following stem taper according to neiloid, paraboloid, and cone parts by species. Consequently, the estimation of this study was considered to represent the stem taper well. When comparing stem taper of three species, the diameter was largest in Korean white pine. Overall, the taper models of this study are judged to be useful for estimating stem form and volume computation of Korean red pine, Korean white pine, and Japanese larch.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.456-462
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• 2017

Japanese anise (Illicium anisatum L.) twigs were collected and ground after drying, then immersed with 50% aqueous acetone for 3 days. After filtration, the extracts were fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethylacetate (EtOAc) and $H_2O$, and then freeze-dried after condensation. A portion of EtOAc soluble fraction (5.7 g) was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column with various aqueous $MeOH-H_2O$. Compound 2 and compound 3 were isolated from fraction 8 and 5, respectively. Compound 1 and compound 4 were isolated after rechromatography of fraction 7. The isolated compounds were elucidated as (+)-catechin (1), taxifolin (2), taxifolin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-xylopyranose (3) and quercitrin (4) by spectral and literature data, and by comparison with the authentic samples. Of the isolated compounds, taxifolin (2), taxifolin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-D-xylopyranose (3) and quercitrin (4) were isolated, for the first time, from the extracts of japanese anise twigs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

This study was conducted to determine the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) distribution within tree components (i.e., stem, branches, leaves, and roots) of the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Carriere) plantation and natural oriental cork oak (Quercus variabilis Blume) stands. Fifteen Japanese larch and 15 oriental cork oak trees were destructively sampled to compare the C and N stocks in the components of the trees from three different regions-Hadong-gun, Hamyang-gun and Sancheong-gun-in Gyeongnam Province, South Korea. Species-specific allometric equations were developed to estimate the C and N contents in the tree components based on the diameter at breast height (DBH). There were differences in mean C and N concentrations between the Japanese larch and the oriental cork oak. The mean C concentrations of the tree componentswere significantly higher in Japanese larch than in oriental cork oak; whereas, the N concentration in the stems was significantly lower in Japanese larch than in oriental cork oak. The allometric equations developed for C and N content were significant (p < 0.05) with a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.76 to 0.99. The C and N stocks in the tree components do not appear to be affected by the species such as Japanese larch plantations and oriental cork oak stands. This study emphasizes the importance of C and N concentrations to estimate the C and N distribution according to tree components in different tree species.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.485-491
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• 2007

The effects of biological pretreatment on the Japanese red pine Pinus densiflora, was evaluated after exposure to three white rot fungi Ceriporia lacerata, Stereum hirsutum, and Polyporus brumalis. Change in chemical composition, structural modification, and their susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification in the degraded wood were analyzed. Of the three white rot fungi tested, S. hirsutum selectively degraded the lignin of this sortwood rather than the holocellulose component. After eight weeks of pretreatment with S. hirsutum, total weight loss was 10.7%, while lignin loss was the highest at 14.52% among the tested samples. However, holocellulose loss was lower at 7.81 % compared to those of C. lacerata and P. brumalis. Extracelluar enzymes from S. hirsutum showed higher activity of ligninase and lower activity of cellulase than those from other white rot fungi. Thus, total weight loss and changes in chemical composition of the Japanese red pine was well correlated with the enzyme activities related with lignin- and cellulose degradation in these fungi. Based on the data obtained from analysis of physical characterization of degraded wood by X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) and pore size distribution, S. hirsutum was considered as an effective potential fungus for biological pretreatment. In particular, the increase of available pore size of over 120 nm in pretreated wood powder with S. hirsutum made enzymes accessible for further enzymatic saccharification. When Japanese red pine chips treated with S. hirsutum were enzymatically saccharified using commercial enzymes (Cellulclast 1.5 L and Novozyme 188), sugar yield was greatly increased (21.01 %) compared to non-pre treated control samples, indicating that white rot fungus S. hirsutum provides an effective process in increasing sugar yield from woody biomass.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.59-59
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2012

To assess parameters of mating system in seed orchard, such as outcrossing rates, number of potential pollen contributors, and degree of pollen contamination, seeds, produced in '77 plot of the Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S et Z) seed orchard at Anmyeon island, were collected in 2007 and analysed by nSSR and cpSSR markers. Estimates of outcrossing rates ranged from 91.2 to 100% (mean 97.7%) on the basis of the analysis of cpSSR haplotypes and from 81.6 to 100% (mean 95.3%) on the basis of the analysis of nSSR genotypes. By cross checking of both DNA markers, seeds, presumed to be products of self pollination on the basis of single marker, were confirmed as outcrossed seeds, which resulted in cumulative outcrossing rates of 98.9%. On the basis of pooled cpSSR haplotype of each seed, the number of pollen contributors and paternal contribution rates were estimated as 14.8 and 0.512, respectively. In conclusion, considering pretty high level of outcrossing rates observed in a seed orchard, good genetic potential of the seeds, produced in '77 plot of the seed orchard of Japanese red pines at Anmyeon island, may be guaranteed. Investigated results from the analysis of mating system of Japanese red pines in a '77 plot of the seed orchard may also be expected to provide useful information for the management and establishment of the seed orchard of the progressive generation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.6
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• pp.742-746
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• 2001

This study was carried out to develop volume equations for Japanese Res Cedar(Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) trees which were widely planted from 1920s throughout the southern regions in south Korea. The 31 trees for stem analysis were selected in 6 different sites in the southern and 29 trees data were used for developing volume equation. The best equation in estimating Japanese Red Cedar trees's volume was suggested as $V=-0.002908+0.000125D^{1.907114}H^{0.645131}$. The simultaneous F-test for this equation revealed that the estimated individual tree volume was not significantly different (p=0.1936) from the observed tree volume for model evaluation. Therefore, this individual tree volume prediction equation could provide basic information for the construction of yield table and forest management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.381-395
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• 1996

This study examines the nature of policies of the national forest in the colonial Korea during the period 1926-36. The contents of Choson Forestry Policy Plan announced in 1926 by the colonial government were compared with the actual accomplishments appearing in the historical records. The Plan is believed to have two-fold objectives : that is, the attainment of sustainable profits from the management of national forests and the restructuring of the national forest management organizations for the minimization of administration costs of the colonial government. The objectives of the Plan was framed by the influence of the Imperial Japanese Government. The analysis reveals that the timber supply from national forests was increased by two folds during the period of 10 years resulting an enormous decrease in the growing stock of national forests. The number of national forest management stations was decreased steadily while the regeneration of forest logged relied mainly on the natural regeneration, with artificial regeneration ratio of 13% by acreage. Based on the result of analysis, it is concluded that the national forest policy during the period 1926-36 is a resource exploiting policy for the benefit of the Imperial Japan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2014

Japan and Korea have developed forest therapy policies, but their policies differ in several respects. First, Forest therapy projects are managed by local governments and residents in Japan, while they are operated by Korea Forest Service. Second, Japan adopts the certification system of forest therapy areas, emphasizes medical and scientific evidences, maintains the quality of forest therapy by inducing competitive participation of local governments and residents, and cultivates forest therapists through Forest Therapy Society. In contrast, Korea has adopted the licence system, improved institutional framework, and cultivated therapists, but it is at early stage. Third, Japanese forest therapy policy aims at regional development of the mountain villages, overlapping with other local policies. However, in Korea, the primary policy goal is to expand forest services and thereby having its own policy framework and being promoted strongly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.372-382
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• 1998

This study aims to reveal the dissolving process around the customary common right to forest utilization through a series of policies consolidating the modern forest ownerships in Korea under the rule of Japanese Imperialism. The existence of the customary common right to forest utilization has been widely recognized since the old time. Common profitable actions in a certain area have been given to village residents to gain useful materials such as forage, timber, fuelwood, wild animals, soil, grazing, and quarry in forest, which were necessarily required for their own daily life as customary commodities. This right was divided into the right around common forests and special easement in forests. Therefore, the common forests applicable of these rights were classified into village common forests and special easement forests. Especially, General-Government granted the national forests in pre-emption to a private(88.6%, 2,463,555chungbo) or public(12.1%, 299,050chungbo). After all, most of the common forests were transferred into national forests in earlier stage and then later into public ar private forests by Japanese Imperialism.