• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2023

Background: To describe domain knowledge consistently and precisely, the establishment of a controlled vocabulary, a so-called ontology, is essential. Internationally, the plant ontology (PO) in the ecology field has been developed for the anatomy and developmental stages of plants in English, Spanish, and Japanese, but there is no Korean version of the PO due to a lack of knowledge on standardization for Korean plants. Objectives: We aimed to establish a Korean plant ontology with core PO architectures. Methods: The latest ontology web language (OWL)-formatted raw version of the PO was collected from the PO consortium site. A formal workflow process and OWL file-handing tools for efficient Korean content development were conducted and executed. Results: The macro- and micro-perspective frameworks of the PO were presented by analyzing the upper model and the internal OWL-leveled physical structure, respectively. We developed and validated Korean knowledge content for a total of 1,957 classes included in the PO and transplanted them into an ontology modeling system. Conclusions: A Korean plant ontology was established for international harmonization through improved compatibility and data exchangeability with multilingual environmental and ecological knowledge bases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.348-356
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• 2023

Objectives: We investigated trends in the incidence rate of macrosomia and its association with parental nationalities using Vital Statistics data in Japan. Methods: We used singleton birth data every 5 years from 1995 to 2020. The incidence rate of macrosomia was calculated according to specific attributes (maternal age, infant's sex, parental nationalities, parity, and household occupation) over time (years). In addition, a log-binomial model was used to investigate the relationship between the incidence of macrosomia and the attributes. This study compared Korea, China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries with Japan in terms of parental nationalities. "Other countries" indicates countries except for Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, and Brazil. Results: The study included 6 180 787 births. The rate of macrosomia in Japan decreased from 1.43% in 1995 to 0.88% in 2020, and the decrease was observed across all parental nationalities. The rates for Japanese parents were the lowest values among parental nationalities during the timespan investigated. Multivariate regression analysis showed that mothers from Korea, China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia than those from Japan (risk ratio, 1.91, 2.82, 1.59, 1.74, and 1.64, respectively). Furthermore, fathers from China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia than those from Japan (risk ratio, 1.66, 1.38, 1.88, and 3.02, respectively). Conclusions: The rate of macrosomia decreased from 1995 to 2020 in Japan for parents of all nationalities, and the risk of macrosomia incidence was associated with parental nationality.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.179-211
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• 2023

This paper investigates the relationship between the spread of COVID-19 and time preference. In contrast to previous studies that compared time preferences before and during the pandemic, this study estimates time preferences during the COVID-19 period using eight surveys conducted over two years. Additionally, a regression analysis was conducted on the number of new COVID-19 cases and the time elapsed since the outbreak, with estimated time preference as the dependent variable. Despite a small sample size, statistically significant results were obtained, showing that as the number of new cases increased, time preference also increased. However, this effect diminished over time and disappeared by the end of 2021 in Japan. This may be due to the public's growing familiarity with the risks of COVID-19 and the availability of vaccines and treatments. Despite a significant increase in new cases in 2022, time preference was lower than immediately after the outbreak, and this was reflected in private investments. Immediately after the outbreak of COVID-19, private investments decreased by 12% compared to the previous year, but the investments are returning in 2022 despite the surge in the number of cases. The trend of time preference explains the trend of Japanese private investments very well.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2024

We investigated the change in land-use alteration in a 45 km × 45 km area around the Upo wetlands in 1920s(before the Japanese occupation period), 1950s(immediately Korean independence) and the period 1970s to 2000s. These data can guide in understanding surface environmental changes in the lower Nakdong River from the early 20^th century to the present. The influence of the long-term decreasing trend of the wetland area at the Upo Swamp was evaluated using a high-resolution local circulation model. The cooling effect of the wetlands on surface air during the daytime in summer(e.g, early August) was approximately 2℃ greater in the 1920s than in the 2000s, which is attributed to wider water areas in the 1920s. Additionally, long-term changes in land use have caused changes in the convergence zone of local circulation wind.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 1997

The objective of present paper is to investigate elasto-plastic behaviour and estimate the resistance capacity of a beam-shear wall structural system against earthquake ground accleration exciations. Pushover analysis is adopted to estimate inttiate and post stiffnesses and yielding point for inelastic response analysis in LPM (Lumped Parameter Mass) model, and modified Clough model is used as the hysteresis rule of each story. Three earthquake waves are used in the analysis but their peak ground accelerations are changed to be 0.12g, 0.24g. It is assumed that the earthquakes act in the longigtudianl direction of a 25 Story apartment building which consists of two some unit plan. The distribution of story ratio and ductility ratio are estimated and discussed within Korean, Japanese code and UBC.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2015

This study was conducted to perform various sensitivity experiments using WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model in order to determine the effects of terrains of the Korean Peninsula and the land-sea thermal contrast on the formation and development of the convergent cloud band for the cases of 1 February 2012. The sensitivity experiments consist of the following five ones: CNTL experiment (control experiment), and TMBT experiment, BDMT experiment and ALL experiment that set the terrain altitude of Taeback Mountains and Northern mountain complex as zero, respectively, and the altitude of the above-mentioned two mountains as zero, and LANDSEA experiment that set to change the Korean Peninsula into sea in order to find out the land-sea thermal contrast effect. These experiment results showed that a cold air current stemming from the Siberian high pressure met the group of northern mountains with high topography altitude and was separated into two air currents. These two separated air currents met each other again on the Middle and Northern East Sea, downstream of the group of northern mountains and converged finally, creating the convergent cloud band. And these experiments suggested that the convergent cloud band located on the Middle and Northern East Sea, and the cloud band lying on the southern East sea to the coastal waters of the Japanese Island facing the East Sea, were generated and developed by different dynamical mechanisms. Also it was found that the topography of Taeback Mountains created a warm air advection region due to temperature rise by adiabatic compression near the coastal waters of Yeongdong Region, downstream of the mountains. In conclusion, these experiment results clearly showed that the most essential factor having an effect on the generation and development of the convergent cloud band was the topography effect of the northern mountain complex, and that the land-sea thermal contrast effect was insignificant.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.39-58
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• 2004

After SERVQUAL was proposed as a measure of perceived service quality, several arguments have been made against its validity and some competing measures have been developed. This paper reviews those controversies. Particularly, it compares the concept of expectation in the research of service quality with that in the research of satisfaction, re-purchase intention and suggests the authors' opinion. In addition, the paper suggests sequential casual relations among expectation, perceived performance and perceived service quality. With the help of previous researches concerning "SERVQUAL" and the related topics, six variables concerning travel services were identified. The six variables are tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurances, empathy and costs. Seven hypotheses were developed using these variables. The review of literature covers service's concept, model and method of service quality evaluation, and relationship among the concepts which is related to the service quality. The results of our study suggest further research is necessary to clarify which one is a better tool because we have a conflicting research outcome in terms of model fitting. The study also shows that assurances and costs have positive effect on customer satisfaction. It also turned out that customer satisfaction has positive effect on repurchase intention.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.425-435
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the differences between Korea and Japan in terms of the effects of student- and school-level ICT-related factors on computer-based problem solving ability in PISA 2012 achievement results. PISA 2012's computer-based problem solving assessment included 5,033 students from 156 schools in Korea and 6,351 students from 191 schools in Japan. A 2-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was employed to analyze data. Both of Korean and Japanese students, students with the earlier use of computer and the Internet, higher socioeconomic background and higher openness to problem reported better problem solving scores than their counterparts. Also, accessibility to ICT equipment provided by home or school was found to be a negative effect on problem solving in both countries. Differences in the effects of purposes and attitudes for ICT use, teacher-student relationship, and creative out-of-school activities on problem solving ability were found between two countries.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 2010

This is a leading study to replace the structural analysis methodology on the specific traditional joint by a numerical analysis. Tests were carried out to test the compressive methodologies with the numerical results. The Japanese larch was used as a sample. The Orthotropic property of wood was specifically considered for the finite element numerical analysis. Linear numerical analysis and non-linear numerical analysis for the BEAM element and the two SOLID elements of ANSYS were used to analyze the compressive performance. In addition, more finely divided elements were used to raise the accuracy of the numerical result. Finally, the statistically significant differences were tested between that of the analytical and numerical results. It could be concluded that the SOLID 64 element shows the most optimum result when the non-linear analysis with the more finely divided element was used. However, finely dividing of the element is a considerable time consuming process, and it is quite difficult to raise the accuracy of the non-linear numerical analysis. Therefore, if considering the vertical displacement to be of the only interest, the BEAM element is more efficient than the SOLID element because the BEAM element is reflected as a simple line, which is less time consuming and difficult in dividing the elements. But, the BEAM element cannot accurately model the knot as a strength defect factor which is an important property in the orthotropic property of wood. Therefore, the SOLID element should be used to model the strength defect factor, knot, as it can be efficiently applied on the structural size flexure member which could be more strongly effected by the knot. In addition, it is useful at times when the failure types of members are to be more closely investigated, as the SOLID element is able to examine the local stress distribution of the member. The conclusion drawn by this study is of the good concordance between analytical results and numerical results of compressive wood members, but how orthotropic properties should only be considered. The numerical analysis on the specific Korean traditional joints will be based on the current study results.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1061-1070
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• 2004

Chronic oral aphthae, recurrent ulcer and uveitis are the three main festations of Behcet's disease(BD). The aetiopathogenesis of Behcet's disease is still obscure, but herpes simplex virus is one of the possible casual factors. Gamchosasim-tang (Gancaoxiexin-tang), Banhasasim-tang(Banxiaxiexin-tang) and Saenggangsasim-tang( Shengjiangxiexin-tang) are traditional medication in Oriental medicine, that has been used to treat inflammatory disease. Especially, Gamchosasim-tang used to treat Behcet's disease like symptoms. ICR mice were used for this study. The earlobe of the mice were scratched with a needle, then inoculation with 1.0×10/sup 6/ plaque forming units/㎖ of HSV type I. Virus inoculation was performed twice with 10 day interval, followed by 16 weeks of observation. Using the HSV-induced Behcet's disease mouse model, kinds of Sasim-tang were administered variously before and after inoculation. In order to. classify the symptomatic mice as having Behcet's disease like symptoms. We followed the revised Japanese classification with minor modifications. Ulceration of the mice were monitored. In addition, spleen cytokine expression were measured by polymerase chain reaction, ELISA. HSV DNA was detected in HSV inoculation mice. HSV-induced mice treated with kinds of Sasim-tang showed improvement in symptom. In RT-PCR results, IFN-γ was expressed for all groups, IL-2 was expressed for the treated groups, and IL-10 was also expressed. IL-4 was expressed nothing. In ELISA, IL-2 was increased for GSST 2, BSST 2, GSST 2, GSST3 and INF-γ was increased for GSST 2, BSST 2, SSST 2, SSST 3. This model suggest the possible role of immune response to viral infection in the development and activation of Behcet's disease.