• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.325-328
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• 2016

The late Prof. Kyeok Boo Han (1913-2005) was one of the pioneers in the early stages of the establishment of thoracic surgery in Korea. He was in charge of thoracic surgery at Seoul National University Hospital from 1948 to the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. He presented a thoracic surgical case entitled "Adhesive (constrictive) pericarditis: one surgical case" at the first academic meeting of the Chosun (an old name for Korea) Medical Association, held in 1947. This presentation is considered to be the first thoracic surgical case presented by a Korean surgeon at a domestic medical meeting after the National Liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945. In this regard, this study was intended to analyze the content and the meaning of the case, published in a journal in 1948.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3545-3549
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• 2016

Background: The incidence of bladder cancer is lower in Asian than in Western countries. However, the crude incidence and mortality of bladder cancer have recently increased in Japan because of the increased number of senior citizens. We have already reported risk factors for urothelial cancer in a large population-based cohort study in Japan (JACC study). However, we did not evaluate the cancer risk in the upper and lower urinary tract separately in our previous study. Materials and Methods: Here we evaluated the risk of cancer death in the upper and lower urinary tracts, separately, using the database of the JACC study. The analytic cohort included 46,395 males and 64,190 females aged 40 to 79 years old. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: Current smoking increased the risk of both upper and lower urinary tract cancer deaths. A history of kidney disease was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer death, even after controlling for age, sex and smoking status. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that current smoking increases the risk of both upper and lower urinary tract cancer deaths and indicated the possibility that a history of kidney disease may be a risk factor for bladder cancer death in the Japanese population.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.105-140
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• 2003

1. "Eonhaegukupbang(諺解救急方)" is a medical book that was published and edited by Naeuiwon(內醫院) under the king's command in the Joseon Dynasty in 1607. 2. It includes the contents but doesn't a preface and an epilogue. And several medical treatments and herb medicines of diseases from emergency are noted in the original text of "Eonhaegukupbang(諺解救急方)". The book is composed of two volume and 181 pages. 3. A number of cultural properties and medical books were lost and all people of the nation were suffered from poverty and diseases during Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. Then some books of Korean translation of Chinese classics were edited under the king's command with the intention of recompiling the lost books and easy application of medical knowledge for the people. 4. "Eonhaegukupbang(諺解救急方)" admit several books and notes the reference books at the beginning or the end. This book has 37 kinds of reference books, and those are "Boncho(本草)", "Uihakgangmok(醫學綱目)", "Uihakimmun(醫學入門)", "Deukhyobang(得效方)", "Uihakjeongjeon(醫學正傳)", "Dan-gyebang(丹溪方)" and so on in the main. 5. "Gugupbang(救急方)"(in the Sejo Dynasty) is similar to "Eonhaegukupbang(諺解救急方)" in aspect of helping the people with convenient contents. But it is a point of difference that the composition and contents of "Eonhaegukupbang(諺解救急方)" are more centering about the medical prescriptions than those of "Gukupbang(救急方)". 6. "Eonhaegukupbang(諺解救急方)" is very similar to the "Gukupmun救急門" in the "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)" in the contents and construction of the list. "Eonhaegukupbang(諺解救急方)" was published during the writing of "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)", so it has a deep meaning that "Eonhaegukupbang(諺解救急方)" is a condensed version of easy application for the civilian by regulating already established section. 7. It seems that "Eonhaegukupbang(諺解救急方)" has continuous influences in the part of emergency in the "Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)"

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-148
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• 2007

Yoshimasu Todo(吉益東洞) said in his book Yakucho, that Ramulus Cinamoni(桂枝) cures ascending impulsively & adversely of poison(衝逆). Here, the meaning of ascending impulsively & adversely of poison(衝逆) is not obvious. The objective of this thesis was to discover the exact meaning of ascending impulsively & adversely of poison(衝逆), through the analysis of Todo's books, and specifically the publication Yakucho(藥徵). Todo hadn't used the term ascending impulsively & adversely of poison(衝逆) from the beginning. He had used the term together with ascending adversely of poison(上逆) and ascending adversely of qi(上氣) in the early stage and had united the term into ascending impulsively & adversely of poison(衝逆) in the middle stage. From this study, it was determined that ascending impulsively & adversely of poison(衝逆) is the combined terms of ascending impulsively of poison(上衝) and ascending adversely of poison(上逆). Considering his view of illness, Todo had explained that every disease is caused by poison in the body. It was appropriate for him to use the term ascending impulsively & adversely of poison(衝逆) when he described the state of attacking and resisting in the body.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-41
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• 2022

Background & Objectives : As the government of South Korea implemented policies to strengthen health insurance coverage, the health insurance benefit for raw herbal medicines has been promoted. This study investigated the current status of the herbal medicines coverage in the Japanese national health insurance to secure reference data for the design of herbal medicines coverage in South Korea. Methods : Literature review was conducted to collect and analyze the history and current situation on herbal medicines coverage in the Japanese health insurance system. To supplement the contents not presented in the documents, on-site interviews were conducted at the medical institutions and pharmacies that prescribed or prepared herbal medicines in Tokyo, Japan. The contents of the survey included the background and progress of the herbal medicines coverage, the status of herbal medicines use, the payment system, and the safety management of herbal medicines. Results : Since the introduction of health insurance in the 1960s, Japanese insurance system has covered herbal medicines, and so far, it has been maintained without any additional restrictions. When the raw herbal medicines are prescribed to outpatients, the preparation fee is set higher than that of other medicines, but overall payment regulations and systems for herbal medicine are generally the same as other medicines. Conclusions : The case of Japan can be a useful references and implications for national health insurance policy on herbal medicines in south Korea.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.49-61
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to collect basic data about Seo, Byung-Hyo and lay the groundwork for future analysis of his medical ideas. Methods : The life of Seo in regards to family and relationships was reconstructed through his genealogy and newspaper articles. His medical ideas were analyzed through the treatment records in books and historical material. Results : 1. Seo was primarily a clinician rather than a social worker throughout the Korean Empire and Japanese colonial era. 2. 『Summary of Experienced Old Prescriptions (經驗古方要抄)』 was a concise book that mainly took after the 『New Edition on Universal Relief (濟衆新編)』, supplemented by contents from the 『DongUiBogam(Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine)』. 3. It is meaningful that Seo's book restored and developed the single-ingredient prescription tradition of the 『DongUiBogam(Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine)』. 4. Seo faithfully followed the tradition of royal court medicine and utilized new prescriptions that were proven effective. Analysis of the prescription contents of 『A royal palace's diary(內殿日記)』 displays such characteristic. Conclusions : Seo, Byung-Hyo could be regarded as a clinician who faithfully inherited and developed 『DongUiBogam(Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine)』 and 『New Edition on Universal Relief (濟衆新編)』.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Objectives :The Shishimilu is a clinical treatise, published in 1687 by Qing period doctor, Chensiduo. The purpose of this study is to report the newly discovered Korean translation to the academic world and discuss its significance. Methods : The newly discovered Korean translated version was examined in detail focusing on bibliography and content items. In addition, the time of introduction of the Shishimilu to Joseon was studied philologically. Results : 1. The time of completion was during the period of the Korean Empire. 2. The original text was faithfully translated. 3. The book was rearranged from the original document to make it easier to apply in clinical practice. 4. Experiences of Joseon medicine were reflected, mainly prescriptions. 5. According to documentary evidence, the Shishimilu was first introduced to Korea only in the late 19th century, and was widely distributed during the Japanese colonial period. Conclusions : he Korean translated version of the Shishimilu was the earliest among known Korean translations of Chinese medical texts, and while faithfully translating the original text, the compilation was rearranged to make it easier to apply clinically. In addition, the experience of Joseon medicine was reflected mostly in prescriptions. It could be determined that if contents of the Shishimilu appear in Korean literature whose writing period is unknown, it can be historically verified to have been written after the late 19th century.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.3
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• pp.444-500
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• 1989

I have felt seriously a desire to study and analyse the medicine of the period of the Three Kingdoms when I thought and studied the ancient medical history. Therefore in Chapter II I inquired into the background of Politico-social and the currency of thought. In the Chapter III inquired into the system of Medical politics in the period of the Three Kingdoms. In the Chapter IV inquired into the general view of the period of the Three Kingdoms. In the Chapter V inquired into the writings of Medicine and Doctors. From this study, I reached at following-conclusions. 1. The Three Kingdoms are politically opposed to each other, but socialo culturaly cooperated, connected each other to import the technique and thought which developed in China, so generally their system and life pattern are alike. 2. On the system of medical politcics Goguryeo(高句麗) had the system of court phisician, Baek jeo(百濟) had medical doctor and collector in the Ministry of Drug which took charge of teaching and medical treatment and specially had spellchanting doctor who treat epidermic and psychological diease untreated with herb and acupuncture, Shilla(新羅) had the system of Yak chun which was charge of teaching and treatment, and had the Chimbang(針房) which assist doctor in the system of Yagchun(藥典制度). 3. The medical interchange with China made the Three Kingdoms to import the medical books. So the theory of medicine was systematized and the art of treatment developed. In the aspect of Herb the Three Kingdoms and China actively exchange their own district product. 4. The medicine of Three Kingdoms accommodated Yin Yang Ohang theory(陰陽五行說), the theory of body compose with four element(四大 : 地水火風) and the theory of life cultivation and breathing(導引養生說) with Therefore in many aspect of oriental medicine basic theory and treatment would improved. 5. The epidermic diease occurred in period of Three Kingdoms, is represented Yeok(疫), that is after all Ohn Diease(溫病), and epidermic diease, is relfected by earthquake, heavy rain, terrible droughty and eclipse of sun. The treatment of this diease did not developed in that time, we presume that there are many persons killed. 6. As the record of five starr(五星), comet(彗星) and eclipse of sun was showed, the astronomy of oriental medicine in the Three Kingdoms was high level and it became the mothers womb of Korean astronomy. 7. The medicine of the Three Kingdoms, concreted with Chinese medicine and their own ancient one, was reflect on Japanese medicine to improve the medical theory and treatment. 8. The Three Kingdoms peculiarly published Korea Nosabang(高麗老師方) Baekjyeo Shinjipbang(百濟新集方), so this independent medicine reflected on the development of natural hurb(鄕約) of the period of Korea(高麗).

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.97-123
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• 1994

The author devided th period of 1876-1945 into three epochs ; the Opening of Ports in 1876 -before the Political Reform in 1894 , the Political Reform- the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910 , and the Epoch of Japanese Colony during 1910-1945. As civilization through including educational reform rised. The modern school system began to be introduced nongovernmentally and governmentally to Korea in the 1880's without any school laws. Were chronologycally established school regulation by Korea Government in 1895-1893, school laws by Korean Government under the supervision of the Japanese Residency-General of Korea in 1906-1910, and the educational laws of Korea by the Japanese Government-General of Korea in 1911-1943. In these epochs, the numbers of elementary , secondary and higher educational institutions and the numbers of pupils and students had increased slowly. Japanese had developed sonwhat primary education and secondary technical education, but it had checked extremely the Korean peoples to receive secondary liberal education and higher education, On the epoch of Japanese colony, Japanese occupied nearly half of elementary school teachers, almost of public secondary school teachers educated in Japan, and nearly all of professor educated in Japan in public and national colleges which were technical, and in one imperial university . Forty or more Korean teachers taught natural history chief at private secondary schools for Koreans , more than half of them being graduates of colleges of agriculture and forestry in Korea and Japan. The author mentioned curricula , and subjects and textbooks connected with biology of elementary, secondary and higher educational institutions. The pup8ls and students received biological knowledge through learning sciences at primary schools ; natural history (plants, animals and minerals ) at secondary schools including normal schools ; botany, zoology, genetics and major subjects related with biology such as anatomy, physiology, bacteriology, pland breeding at medical colleges and colleges of agriculture and forestry. There were no departments of biology , botany or zoology in Korea. Only seven Koreas graduated from departments of biology, botany or zoology at imperial universities in Japan. Some of them played the leading parts to develop education and researches of biology in the universities after 1945 Liberation.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.71-90
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• 2022

Objectives : This paper summarizes contents on fish in the Injeji and Jeoneo-Ji parts in the Imwon-Gyeongje-Ji and compares them with those in the Dong-uibogam from a Korean Medical perspective. Methods : Most of the knowledge of fish in the Imwon-Gyeongje-Ji is based on preceding material medica studies such as the Dongui-bogam in Joseon, the Bencao-gangmu in China, and the Hwahan Samjaedohoe in Japan. The influential relationships and the process of change among these knowledge information were examined within the context of each literature's development or through identifiable changes in knowledge on each particular kind of fish. Results & Conclusions : In the Imwon-Gyeongje-Ji, the consisting 16 parts are organically connected, sometimes functioning as cross-references. In particular, the medical contents on the efficacy of fish for treating disease is closely linked to contents on fish ecology and environment as written in the Jeoneo-Ji, which deals with the field of living things. On the more detailed knowledge on about 30 kinds of fish, one could grasp the formation process and changes of East Asian traditional knowledge on fishkind among historical study of influential Chinese texts, new stimulation and methodology through Japanese literature on natural history, and dynamic processes of inheriting and selectively accepting traditional knowledge of Joseon.