• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.317-336
• /
• 1999

Official nursing education of Korea under Japanese rule began in order to make the communication possible among Japanese medical men and Korean patients. It could generate high standard nurses from the beginning. Nurses licensure began in 1914 and the graduates of official nursing schools could get nurses licensure without further test. Official nursing education became the standard of R.N. education. The curriculum emphasized on Japanese and ethics first, and in order to produce nurse, practice second. In 1920 the shortage of nurse became serious problem, so the Japanese colonial authorities set up 5 official nursing school in large scale. In 1922 they revised the relevant laws and regulations to make the nursing licensure pass all over Japanese ruling area. 8-year preliminary education and 2 year curriculum became standard of official nursing education after then. Other nursing schools should satisfy this standard to let their graduate get nurses licensure without further test. Curriculum was revised to satisfy the dual goal of 'good housewife' and 'good nurse'. Every official nursing school tried to raise educational standard Nursing science was specialized and more emphasis was put on the occupational education. From the late 1930s, Japanese desperately needed additional manpower to replenish the dwindling ranks of their military and labor forces. They tried to produce more nurses by increase nursing school. Students had to do wartime work instead of study. Younger students could enter nursing school, and general school could produce R.N. In conclusion, nursing education of Korea under Japanese rule was determined by the official nursing education. The Japanese colonial authorities lead the official nursing education. It made nursing education fixed early and produced high standard R.N. But it made nursing education withdraw in late Japanese rule period. Nursing education of Korea began quite weak in the need of nursing and Korea herself. The weakness became a subject of nursing education of Korea after Japanese rule to produce better R.N..

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.396-409
• /
• 2006

In this paper, first I try to sketch the changing Japanese labor market after 1990s, and then examine the so-called "Job $Caf{\acute{e}}$ program" in detail, which was initiated in 2004 by central and local governments to help young people fine suitable jobs, and finally investigate the possible direction for future labor policy as an important tool for revitalize the local economy. Latter half of 1990s witnessed the high unemployment rate among the population aged twenties in Japan, and the number of 'shinsotsu-mugyo', i.e. population not at work after completing high school or university, NEET (not in employment, education or training) and 'freeters' have grown rapidly. "Job $Caf{\acute{e}}$ program" was initiated as a public response to the increased youth unemployment, aiming at assisting young people's transition from education to career. In the Job $Caf{\acute{e}}$ program, job information service by MHLW, information service for high school students and university students by MEXT, placement service of career internship by METI are integrated into one service, and are provided by local government initiative, therefore named as "one stop service of employment". Although it is highly appreciated for one stop service, the Job cafe program has criticized for paying too much attention to the performance of projects, such as the number of users, and the number of successful job matching. At the final section of the paper, more practical spatial unit for executing effective regional plan on local employment and more empirical research on job search behavior are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2010

Considering the similarity in legislation and long-term industrial trend of Korea and Japan, continuous attention to the Japanese situation is useful for the development of a domestic construction strategy. In order to compare the current on-site construction management practice of the two countries and analyze the reasons for discrepancy, a literature review, expert interview, and site investigation were executed. A detailed survey of experts with experience in both countries revealed that overall, Korea's level of competitiveness is gaining on that of Japan. However, the Japanese construction industry was still evaluated as maintaining higher competitiveness, due mainly to comprehensive planning for operation, well-established design documents, and effective total quality safety environment management, all of which are combined with institutional support and a cooperative attitude by labor. Adjustments should be made for advanced technologies considering the attributes of a typical Japanese construction prior to establishing and implementing application strategies according to the suggestion of experts. Based on the results of this study, a benchmarking of Japanese strength should be conducted, and this is eventually expected to contribute to establishing green construction, enhancing safety, improving culture, and reinforcing the capabilities of participants.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.221-253
• /
• 2017

This study aims at analyzing the management strategy and performance of companies that have been pursuing Generational Diversity. The management strategies were examined in terms of production, organizational structure and skill development. Performance was then evaluated using Balanced Scorecard (BSC). We selected four Japanese companies that practice Generational Diversity between the younger(age less then 34) and older generation(age older then 65). Our findings suggest the following. The common management strategies of the four companies include 1) creating generation-diverse teams 2) ensuring flexible work arrangements and 3) providing skill training programs. These strategies have yield positive outcomes such as sales increase, cost reduction (financial perspective) and expansion of the market share (customer perspective). Non-financial performance includes improvement of product and service quality (internal business perspective) and skill improvement of both the young and the old workers (learning and growth perspective). This study provides practical implications to domestic companies for their successful management of generational diversity in workplace.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.137-151
• /
• 2007

The characteristics of Hyeonmoyangcheo-ism (wise mother, good wife) in the 1950s, which were observed through the girls' school curriculums and homekeeping textbooks, were arranged as follows. Firstly, Hyeonmoyangcheo-ism in homekeeping textbooks in the 1950s stressed the modern housewife. The Confucianwomen's virtues, such as submissiveness, faithfulness and samjongjido (obedience to father, husband and son), that were in girls' moral training and home management textbooks during the Japanese imperialism. This was a part of girls' education built on democracy and equality asserted by a new Korea, the 'modern nation'. Secondly, with the increasing demands for women's labor after the Korean War, women's occupations were reinforced and incorporated in homekeeping textbooks in the 1950s. Even though having a job was a secondary task to the role of a homemaker, the details of women's occupation illustrates the characteristics of Hyeonmoyangcheo-ism in this period of time. Thirdly, The resident practice program emphasized the tradition women's behavior along with the modern homemaker, the rational designer of homekeeping. This seems to have been reinforced from the criticism towards women based on Westernization after the Korean War.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.42-55
• /
• 2011

The basic approach of this study was to take the theory of cultural fluctuations to investigate the early modern and modern patterns of the use of ox carts and@ the social and economic appropriateness and cultural significance of ox carts. The study chose a village that was the only place that used ox carts in Bugye-myeon. The findings will help to understand how traditional cultural elements would continue or change according to the natural, geographical, economical, and cultural characteristics of a village. Located in Gaho-2-ri, Bugye-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongbuk Province, Dongrim Village started to use ox carts during the Japanese rule and replaced the traditional version with an improved one in 1972 when a reservoir was built. Until the 1970s, they used ox carts to carry agricultural products and luggage and to visit the markets in distant Bugye-myeon or Gunwi-eup. In the early 1980s when a cultivator was first introduced into the village, ox carts gradually disappeared in the village and eventually remained as a mere means of transportation. As the younger generations were active in introducing modern means of transportation, a cultivator became the main means of transportation in the village in the 1980s and a truck since the latter half of the 1990s. Despite those changes, however, the elderly in their seventies or older continued to use ox carts. With aged labor and inability to use modern means of transportation, they grew cows and oxen to cultivate the inclined fields and gain easy access to fields distributed in distant locations and continued to ox carts through reform. In Dongrim Village, the heritage of using reformed ox carts is the practice of appropriate technology by the old farmers and a cultural representation of an aged agricultural society. That is, the elderly recognized the appropriateness and practicality of traditional culture and renewed a traditional means of transportation called an ox cart. The phenomenon of the old men and women frequently using ox carts in an agricultural village in the mountain with geographical limitations has settled down as a cultural representation of the elderly in Dongrim Village. The continuing usage of ox carts in Dongrim Village is attributed to the fact that ox carts well suit the natural, geographical, and economic aspects of the village and the cultural inertia of the elderly with the aging of the farmers. Thus it is once again shown that human beings transmit and alter culture according to their overall situations and conditions.