• 제목/요약/키워드: Japanese input system

검색결과 34건 처리시간 0.025초

확률적 비용변경 접근법을 이용한 한국과 일본 철도산업의 효율성과 생산성 분석 (The Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity in the Korean and Japanese Railways: A Stochastic Cost Frontier Approach)

  • 박진경;김성수
    • 대한교통학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.141-157
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 한국과 일본의 철도업체를 노동, 동력, 차량 및 유지보수의 세 가지 생산요소를 투입하여 신칸센 인키로, 일반여객 인키로, 화물톤키로의 세 가지 산출물을 생산하는 기업형태로 상정하여 확률적 변경 접근법을 이용한 일반초월대수 함수형태의 가변비용함수모형을 설정하였다. 이 모형의 독립변수로는 준고정요소인 기반시설의 총 가치와 네트워크효과를 나타내는 궤도연장, 타 업체와의 비용구조 차이를 반영하는 더미변수, 그리고 생산성을 분석하기 위한 시간추세변수가 함께 포함된다. 가변비용함수모형은 철도청에 대한 27개 연도별 자료($1977{\sim}2003$), 일본국철(JNR, Japan National Railways)에 대한 8개 연도별 자료($1977{\sim}1984$), 그리고 7개 일본철도주식회사(JR's, Japan Railways)에 대한 17개 연도별 자료($1987{\sim}2003$)를 결합한 총 154개의 불균형통합자료를 이용해 반복결합일반화최소자승법으로 추정하였다. 확률적 변경 접근법을 이용한 비용 효율성 추정 결과 한국과 일본의 철도업체는 표본평균에서 비용 비효율성이 2.57%로 나타났으며, 비용 효율성은 평균적으로 JR서일본이 가장 높고 JNR과 JR구주가 가장 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. KNR의 경우 $1977{\sim}2003$년까지 평균적인 비용 비효율성은 1.80%이고, 특히 $1996{\sim}2000$년에 비용 비효율성이 4.16%로 가장 컸던 것으로 나타났다. 반면 일본의 경우 민영화 이후 비용 비효율성이 전반적으로 상당히 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 한편 비용 효율성 변화, 기술변화, 규모 효율성 변화 및 배분적 효율성 변화에 기인하는 생산성 변화율을 추정한 결과 전반적으로 정부부처형 공기업인 KNR과 공사체제인 JNR의 생산성은 감소한 반면, 민영업체인 JR's의 생산성은 JR동해를 제외하고 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

일본의 교원생애 질관리 정책의 특징과 시사 (The Characteristics and Implications of the Quality Management Policy through Teachers' Life in Japan)

  • 고전
    • 비교교육연구
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.29-49
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    • 2017
  • 이 연구는 그동안 일본의 교원정책에 관한 기존의 선행연구들이 교육개혁의 일부분으로 언급되거나 단편적으로 소개되어 왔다는 한계에 착안하여 교원생애에 걸친 질관리 정책을 종합적으로 그 특징을 규명하고 시사점을 도출한 것이다. 분석대상은 교원 선발 및 채용, 능력주의 인사관리, 지도력 부족 교원에 대한 관리, 초임 및 10년 경력자의 교원연수 관리, 그리고 교원자격 10년 면허제 등이다. 연구방법은 선행연구 및 정부보고서 등 문헌분석을 기본으로 하였고, 교원 양성기관의 교수 및 학교 현장의 교원과의 면담을 통해 현장의 의견을 반영했다. 교원의 선발을 위한 정원 책정은 기본적으로 국가관리(정원 산출 법정주의)를 기본으로 하면서, 실제적 선발 임용은 지방이 주관한다. 인건비는 현(縣)이 부담하면서, 인사관리는 시정촌(市町村)교육위원회가 주도(학교장의 내신 기초)한다. 교원 채용단계에서 전형방법이 다양화(교직경험자, 영어자격소지자 가산점제 등)되고 있고, '교사양성 숙(塾:연수기관)을 운영하기도 한다. 인사단계에서는 주간교사, 지도교사, 부교장제를 도입하고, 민간인 교장제 등 능력주의 관리를 강화하고 있다. 연수단계에 있어서는 지도력 부족 교사 대응과, 초임자 1년 연수제를 운영한다, 자격관리 면에서는 교원자격 10년 갱신제를 도입했다. 결론에서는 한국의 교원정책에 주는 10여 가지 정책적 시사점을 제언하였다.

가정학교육과 취업방안연구 (A Study on Home Economist Education with Refrence to the Business Activities in Korea)

  • 한상순
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.163-185
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    • 1989
  • Korean home economics education has around 100 years history. The main aims of home economics education up 1950 had not been changed, they were mainly for the improvement of household-skill to raise both standard of living and life quality as well as womanhood. After 1960's the standard of living drastically improved and the industrialization of Korean society was quite rapidly proceeded from simple to complex one. Because of these changes, I considered that the aims and the contents of home economics education should be reexamined and reshaped. This study motivated me that especially home economics major should be trained to be competent enough to work in industrialized society as much as the input to her college education. As industialization was made progress, family member's diverse role differentiation also occurred from past simple role such as house wife or girl's high school teacher among by home economics major. In this current societal change, most of the home economics major have wish to have opportunities obtaining new kinds of employment rather than obtaining merely teaching work. With this in mind I made a study on college level home economics education of the new adjustment to current and future industrialized Korean society. (1) The full number of officially admissible home economics major in 169 Korean colleges, 70 junior colleges, and one open university were as follows, 7139, 6080, and 230 respectively. The percentages of employed of employed numbers of them for the college and junior college graduates were 26.5 and 39.0 respectively. (2) The certificate qualifications issued to college home economics major are nutritionist (1st grade and 2nd grade), clothes and textilist, home economics teacher (2nd grade for high school) and kindergartener (2nd grade), The qualifications are certified after majoring each field from major departments of college of home economics by Ministrys of Labour and Education of the Korean government. The percentages of their employment are low as mentioned earlier. (3) To find out new employment opportunity for home economics graduates in home economist in business (henceforce/HEIB) status quo of consumer division for mational enterprise was surveyed. According to govermment decree of general law of consumer protection (1980), enterprise should organize bureau (offics, subdivision) on liability to consumer's complaint. Of 89.6% of the enterprise established th subdivision in which 96.2% of employee was male (3.8% was female). Of the employee college graduate and high school graduate were 93.2% and 6.8% respectively. On the employee's major acadmic backgroud (%), economics and business administration, engineering and low-political science were 39.5, 26.2 and 11.2 respectively. (4) To study on the relation between home economics and home economist in business, the aspect of historical development of HEIB, group of HEIB employing enterprise and their nature of business were tried to find out as well as perception and evaluation by enterprise on HEIB. (a) In the united States of America employed home economics major to enterprise was organized autonomously HEIB subdivision within American Home Economics Association since 1920's and the membership of HEIB was 3,000 of the AHEA membership 50,000. (b) In Japan the Japanese founder HEIB had three times the bilateral congress with the U.S.HEIB and had 10th anniversary celebration in 1988. Japanese HEIB member are not necessary to be home economics graduates but should have certificate as consumer adviser effected by the Minister of Trade and Industry. Japanese subdivision of consumer affaire within Japanese enterprise employ the consumer adviser with the certificate. Because of this different system from the United Sates, Japanese HEIB call their title "HEEB" instead of HEIB. The Japanese consumer adviser certificate system had initiated since 1980 and it belongs to 2nd level national qualification certificate. Currently active membership of Japanese "HEEB" association had increased from 115 (in 1979) to 319 in 1988. (5) For the opening of the future new employment of home economics graduates to enterprise and qualification required for the HEIB by national enterprise in Korea, I studied on the courses which seem to be important and required by employee in the field of HEEB in the United States of America and preliminary curriculum for home economics related major student aimning to be the future "HEEB" by Japanese HEEB study group of Japanese Association of Home Economics. It is suggested that it is very important and urgent to realize as home economics educator to have common deep concern and endeavors on opening new employment for our home economics major student1), we should try to publicize strongly and let enterprise and consumer protection board realize that employee in the subdivision of consumer protection should be the one who well experienced home economics major graduates2), we, home economics educator, should try to develop actively new curriculum in line of the suggestion made earlier for our future home economics major student of open broadly their future employment opportunities3), we, home economics educators, should try to have consensus on whether we should have support from government in terms of receiving national qualification certificate on consumer pretection or not4), and I would appreciate if the Korean Home Economics Association and Korean Home Management Society paydeep and positive concern on this matter.

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흑소의 얼굴을 이용한 개체인식 (Identification of Japanese Black Cattle by the Faces for Precision Livestock Farming)

  • 김현태;지전선랑;서률귀구;이인복
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.341-346
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    • 2004
  • Recent livestock people concern not only increase of production, but also superior quality of animal-breeding environment. So far, the optimization of the breeding and air environment has been focused on the production increase. In the very near future, the optimization will be emphasized on the environment for the animal welfare and health. Especially, cattle farming demands the precision livestock farming and special attention has to be given to the management of feeding, animal health and fertility. The management of individual animal is the first step for precision livestock farming and animal welfare, and recognizing each individual is important for that. Though electronic identification of a cattle such as RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) has many advantages, RFID implementations practically involve several problems such as the reading speed and distance. In that sense, computer vision might be more effective than RFID for the identification of an individual animal. The researches on the identification of cattle via image processing were mostly performed with the cows having black-white patterns of the Holstein. But, the native Korean and Japanese cattle do not have any definite pattern on the body. The purpose of this research is to identify the Japanese black cattle that does not have a body pattern using computer vision technology and neural network algorithm. Twelve heads of Japanese black cattle have been tested to verify the proposed scheme. The values of input parameters were specified and then computed using the face images of cattle. The images of cattle faces were trained using associate neural network algorithm, and the algorithm was verified by the face images that were transformed using brightness, distortion, and noise factors. As a result, there was difference due to transform ratio of the brightness, distortion, and noise. And, the proposed algorithm could identify 100% in the range from -3 to +3 degrees of the brightness, from -2 to +4 degrees of the distortion, and from 0% to 60% of the noise transformed images. It is concluded that our system can not be applied in real time recognition of the moving cows, but can be used for the cattle being at a standstill.

시선 입력 장치에 의한 한글 입력 시스템 설계에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Hangul Input Methodology for Eye-gaze Interface)

  • 서한석;김치용
    • 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 2004
  • 정보사회의 발전에 있어 정보의 수집, 전달 둥을 위해 수많은 IT기기가 개발 되어지고 있다. 이러한 상황 속에서 IT기기를 장애자나 고령자를 포함, 누구나가 쉽게 이용 할 수 있도록 하는 유니버설디자인은 매우 중요한 일이다. 특히 상체부자유자의 인터페이스 장치로서 시선 입력 장치가 주목 받고 있다. 이러한 시대적인 흐름에서 본 연구에서는 Eye-gaze Interface를 이용한 시선 입력만으로 컴퓨터상에서 한글입력이 가능한 한글 입력 시스템을 개발 제안한다. 또한 본 연구의 목적으로는 기존의 키보드 마우스에 의한 입력 장치와 Eye-gaze Interface를 이용한 입력 장치와의 정점과 단점을 비교 분석하고 정보사회에 있어서의 장애자와 고령자들의 Barrier Free에 관한 연구를 기본 목적으로 하고 있다. 본 연구의 Eye-gaze Interface는 Eye Tech Digital System회사의 Quick Glance System를 사용한다. 장애자와 고령자를 대상으로 한 사용자 평가 실험에 의해 실험을 진행 하였으며, 한글의 음운규칙에 관한 연구를 기초로 한글뿐만 아니라 영어, 일본어가 입력 가능한 입력 시스템을 제안한다. 이것은 컴퓨터 조작이 곤란한 장애자와 고령자가 일반인과의 자연스러운 커뮤니케이션이 가능하도록 한 것이다.

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OCED 농업양분지표중 질소 균형지표 설정 (Determination of Nitrogen Balance of Agricultural Land among OECD Nutrient Balance Indexes)

  • 이춘수;김필주;박양호;곽한강
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.347-355
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    • 2000
  • OECD농업/환경위원회 요청에 의하여 질소양분 균형지표 (Input-Output)설정을 위한 기초자료가 되는 비료소비량, 가축분생산량 생물적 질소고정량, 작물흡수량, 탈질량 및 작물부산물 회수량 등을 조사하였다. 질소균형지표는 1997기준, 탈질량을 포함할 경우와 포함하지 않을 때 각각 ha당 158kg, 211kg이었으나 OECD에서 요구하는 탈질량과 작물 부산물 회수량을 제외하는 경우는 250kg으로 산출되었다. 질소균형지표를 연도별로 비교해 보면 1985년 기준 $70{\sim}162kg\;ha^{-1}$에 비하여 1997년은 1.7~2.3배나 증가되었으며, 주요인은 가축분생산량 및 화학비료 소비량 증가와 경지면적 감소 때문이었다. 질소균형지표의 구성비율은 1997년을 기준으로 하여 질소의 Input에서 화학비료 59%, 가축분뇨 42%, 기타 5%이며 (가축분중 질소휘산량은 6%임), Output는 작물생산 73%, 부산물 회수량 23%, 목초생산 4%이였다. OECD사무국에서 검토한 자료(안)에 의하면 1995~1997년 기준 탈질량과 부산물회수를 통한 질소 질소제거량을 제외한 질소균형지표는 우리나라가 $253kg\;ha^{-1}$으로 네델란드의 $262kg\;ha^{-1}$ 다음으로 회원국중 두번째로 높으며, 일본은 $135kg\;ha^{-1}$이었다.

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양식해태의 유통에 관한 조사 연구 (A Study on Marketing of Cultured Laver Products)

  • 유충열
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제4권1_2호
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    • pp.19-57
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    • 1973
  • Laver io one of the most necessary and seasonal items in Korean food from oldtimes. Laver is lagely eaten in dried form, and its supply depends entirely upon culture weeds. The history of laver culture in Korea about sixty or seventy years is older than in Japan. Significance of laver culture is divided into two aspects, one is food supply in the nation, and the other is export to other countries. Houses engaged in laver culture are about foully thousands, and laver production in 1972 is estimated as 1, 3 bitten sheets. (1 sheet is a dried laver of 20 cm sq, in the shape of paper) Especcially meaning of layer production is the concentration of labour input, and systematic management of labour. From around 1920, the method of laver culture was introduced by Japanese Imperialism for mono culture in shallow seas, and mass products of laver is provided to Japan market, DOMESTIC MARKET Fundamental consume function calculates at below, $D_{(68_71)}$=16354 $Y^{0.471}$ $P^{-1.0662}$ where D is total layer demand, Y income variable, P price variable. It means income elasticity is 476. in the whole country, and price elasticity is 1, 07. But generally income elasticity is higher in urban area than in rural area, as shown at 1, 3 in Seoul city. Expence of laver in house expenditure is mutually correlated with another expence, See Table 12 about the relative function. See Table 14 and 16 about the relation between the gathering and the changes of price in auction, wholesale and retail price support system is for two effects, one of which is constraint of the upper price, the other is rise of the lower price. Before the system control, the equation in three year average calculated as below, $Y_{b}$ =18, 907.7455+15435.9364 t (r=0.89) where the origin t=0 is the November and the units are month. Post the system control, $Y_{p}$ =30, 047.9636+1, 631.1721t (r=0.97) therefore, this system has an effect only on the rise of lower price, Average annual margins of laver products at four market levels according to the consumer spent is below. EXPORTING MARKET Japanese demand function of laver products is, Log D=5, 289+1, 108 Log Y-1, 395 Log P (r=0.987) where D is Japanese laver demand, Y income variable, P price variable. according to which income elasticity is 1. 1 and price elasticity is 1.4. Laver production in 1970 tile highest record till then, is estimated as six billion sheets. But the recent improvement of laver culture techniques, the production of seeds and freezing storage of seeds has been stabilized. Futher new culture farms have been developed by means of break- water fences or by floating culture method. These improvements have been backed up with increased demand of laver products. Import quantity and price of Korean laver products are restrained by three organizations, that is producer, distributor and consumer. This relationship calculated by regression equation shows that import is influenced only producer organization, at the sacrifice of consumer profit. For increase to export of laver products, we urgently require to open foreign trade of laver products for Japanese consumer, .and Japan has political responsibility to solve Korean laver structure. But with long run timeseries, as regards Japanese production and import quantity, importing function shows increasing trend as below, 250 million sheets <3, 947.1674+0.005 $L_{g}$ >) 600 million sheets where $L_{q}$ is relative production quantity of laver in Japan. (unit; 100 thousand sheets) Our Export effort should be put on the highly processed products whithin the restraind quote.ote.

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가변 운율 모델링을 이용한 고음질 감정 음성합성기 구현에 관한 연구 (A Study on Implementation of Emotional Speech Synthesis System using Variable Prosody Model)

  • 민소연;나덕수
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제14권8호
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    • pp.3992-3998
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    • 2013
  • 본 논문은 고음질의 대용량 코퍼스 기반 음성 합성기에 감정 음성 코퍼스를 추가하여 보다 다양한 합성음을 생성할 수 있는 방법에 관한 것이다. 파형 접합형 합성기에서 사용할 수 있는 형태로 감정 음성 코퍼스를 구축하여 기존의 일반 음성 코퍼스와 동일한 합성단위 선택과정을 통해 합성음을 생성할 수 있도록 구현하였다. 감정 음성 합성을 위해 태그를 사용하여 텍스트를 입력하고, 억양구 단위로 일치하는 데이터가 존재하는 경우 감정 음성으로 합성하고, 그렇지 않은 경우 일반 음성으로 합성하도록 하였다. 그리고 음성에서 운율을 구성하는 요소로 휴지기(break)가 있는데, 감정 음성의 휴지기는 일반 음성보다 불규칙한 특성이 있다. 따라서 합성기에서 생성되는 휴지기 정보를 감정 음성 합성에 그대로 사용하는 것이 어려워진다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 가변 휴지기(Variable break)[3] 모델링을 적용하였다. 실험은 일본어 합성기를 사용하였고, 그 결과 일반 음성의 휴지기 예측 모듈을 그대로 사용하면서 자연스러운 감정 합성음을 얻을 수 있었다.

Optimization of SWAN Wave Model to Improve the Accuracy of Winter Storm Wave Prediction in the East Sea

  • Son, Bongkyo;Do, Kideok
    • 한국해양공학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.273-286
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    • 2021
  • In recent years, as human casualties and property damage caused by hazardous waves have increased in the East Sea, precise wave prediction skills have become necessary. In this study, the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) third-generation numerical wave model was calibrated and optimized to enhance the accuracy of winter storm wave prediction in the East Sea. We used Source Term 6 (ST6) and physical observations from a large-scale experiment conducted in Australia and compared its results to Komen's formula, a default in SWAN. As input wind data, we used Korean Meteorological Agency's (KMA's) operational meteorological model called Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS), the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts' newest 5th generation re-analysis data (ERA5), and Japanese Meteorological Agency's (JMA's) meso-scale forecasting data. We analyzed the accuracy of each model's results by comparing them to observation data. For quantitative analysis and assessment, the observed wave data for 6 locations from KMA and Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) were used, and statistical analysis was conducted to assess model accuracy. As a result, ST6 models had a smaller root mean square error and higher correlation coefficient than the default model in significant wave height prediction. However, for peak wave period simulation, the results were incoherent among each model and location. In simulations with different wind data, the simulation using ERA5 for input wind datashowed the most accurate results overall but underestimated the wave height in predicting high wave events compared to the simulation using RDAPS and JMA meso-scale model. In addition, it showed that the spatial resolution of wind plays a more significant role in predicting high wave events. Nevertheless, the numerical model optimized in this study highlighted some limitations in predicting high waves that rise rapidly in time caused by meteorological events. This suggests that further research is necessary to enhance the accuracy of wave prediction in various climate conditions, such as extreme weather.

이세이 미야케 컬렉션에 나타난 A-POC의 특성에 관한연구 (Characteristics of A-POC in Issey Miyake Collection)

  • 주성금;정재철
    • 한국의류산업학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.259-266
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    • 2017
  • In a contemporary fashion along with the advance of high technology, development of a new material is being increasingly emphasized and the need of creative convergence using a computer is being expanded. As a global designer who appeared through association between Japan and the West, Issey Miyake has been continually pursuing a new challenge and a solution using high technology, leading the globalization of Japanese fashion. This research aims at examining design characteristics of Issey Miyake collection's A-POC showing a new paradigm, that is, an innovative clothing manufacture system to input information on materials, colors and shapes into a textile machine based on the computer program and manufacture a cylindrical fabric for completion of seamless clothing without sewing or cutting. A-POC is evolving continually through the development of new materials including recycled fibers and organics together with diversification of processing technology. Besides, it shows design characteristics including an integrated manufacturing method, autonomy for customers' selection, practicality for comfortable wearing by the majority, environment friendly idea to reduce waste of fabrics and materials and a new presentation through convergence of exhibition concepts of modern art. This research on Issey Miyake's A-POC characteristics is expected to present a role of fashion designers in a new design idea and paradigm of contemporary clothing using high technology.