• Title/Summary/Keyword: Japanese input system

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The Analysis of Efficiency and Productivity in the Korean and Japanese Railways: A Stochastic Cost Frontier Approach (확률적 비용변경 접근법을 이용한 한국과 일본 철도산업의 효율성과 생산성 분석)

  • Park, Jin-Gyeong;Kim, Seong-Su
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.141-157
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    • 2007
  • This paper evaluates the effects of privatization and deregulation on the firm-specific efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the Korean and Japanese railways. Using a stochastic frontier approach and a generalized translog functional form, the paper specifies the equation system consisting of a multiproduct variable cost function and input share equations which is estimated with Zellner's iterative seemingly unrelated regression and the corrected least squares method. The Korean and Japanese railway firms are assumed to produce three outputs (Shinkansen passenger-kilometers, incumbent railway passenger-kilometers, ton-kilometers of freight) using three input factors (labor, fuel, maintenance and rolling stock). A monetary value of the ways and fixed installations held by the railroad firm is also included as a quasi-fixed input. The empirical results indicate that the average estimate of cost inefficiency is 2.57% for the total sample and on the average, JNR and JR Kyushu are found to be worst efficient while the most efficient railway firm in the sample is JR West. Also the cost efficiency levels of seven JRs have been improved after the reform and privatization of JNR. The findings also indicate that TFP growth of the privately-owned JRs are higher than those of the government-owned KNR and JNR. Three-island JRs and JR Freight have slightly higher TFP growth than Honshu JRs as well. Thus, the results suggest that managerial autonomy and increased competition via deregulation have improved efficiency and TFP growth.

The Characteristics and Implications of the Quality Management Policy through Teachers' Life in Japan (일본의 교원생애 질관리 정책의 특징과 시사)

  • Ko, Jeon
    • Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.29-49
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and implications of the quality management policy through teachers' entire life in Japan case study. This article composed of four chapters; Implication and problem situation, Backgrounds and streams of the japanese teacher reform policy, Characteristics of the main policies about managing the teacher's quality through their life, and Conclusion(Japanese characteristics and the suggestion for Korea). The main quality management policy means the various teacher recruitment and selection system, Merit system of personnel management, Effective management of a system for teachers performing unsatisfactorily, Professional development for teachers with new and 10 years' experience, and Teacher Certificate Renewal System every ten years. The method of study composed of the literature search and interview. The System Analysis[input-process-output-feedback] is used as a model of the analyze the policy process[backgrounds & T.O-quality management system-japanese teacher's reaction & implications to korea] The Central Council for Education(CCE;2012.8.28) has released "An Outline of Measures for Comprehensively Improving the Quality and Ability of Teachers throughout their career". This report can be regarded as a blueprint for the teacher reform policy in japan. As a conclusion, Ten lessons is proposed for the Korea policy improving the quality and ability of teachers(training, employment, and development).

A Study on Home Economist Education with Refrence to the Business Activities in Korea (가정학교육과 취업방안연구)

  • 한상순
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.163-185
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    • 1989
  • Korean home economics education has around 100 years history. The main aims of home economics education up 1950 had not been changed, they were mainly for the improvement of household-skill to raise both standard of living and life quality as well as womanhood. After 1960's the standard of living drastically improved and the industrialization of Korean society was quite rapidly proceeded from simple to complex one. Because of these changes, I considered that the aims and the contents of home economics education should be reexamined and reshaped. This study motivated me that especially home economics major should be trained to be competent enough to work in industrialized society as much as the input to her college education. As industialization was made progress, family member's diverse role differentiation also occurred from past simple role such as house wife or girl's high school teacher among by home economics major. In this current societal change, most of the home economics major have wish to have opportunities obtaining new kinds of employment rather than obtaining merely teaching work. With this in mind I made a study on college level home economics education of the new adjustment to current and future industrialized Korean society. (1) The full number of officially admissible home economics major in 169 Korean colleges, 70 junior colleges, and one open university were as follows, 7139, 6080, and 230 respectively. The percentages of employed of employed numbers of them for the college and junior college graduates were 26.5 and 39.0 respectively. (2) The certificate qualifications issued to college home economics major are nutritionist (1st grade and 2nd grade), clothes and textilist, home economics teacher (2nd grade for high school) and kindergartener (2nd grade), The qualifications are certified after majoring each field from major departments of college of home economics by Ministrys of Labour and Education of the Korean government. The percentages of their employment are low as mentioned earlier. (3) To find out new employment opportunity for home economics graduates in home economist in business (henceforce/HEIB) status quo of consumer division for mational enterprise was surveyed. According to govermment decree of general law of consumer protection (1980), enterprise should organize bureau (offics, subdivision) on liability to consumer's complaint. Of 89.6% of the enterprise established th subdivision in which 96.2% of employee was male (3.8% was female). Of the employee college graduate and high school graduate were 93.2% and 6.8% respectively. On the employee's major acadmic backgroud (%), economics and business administration, engineering and low-political science were 39.5, 26.2 and 11.2 respectively. (4) To study on the relation between home economics and home economist in business, the aspect of historical development of HEIB, group of HEIB employing enterprise and their nature of business were tried to find out as well as perception and evaluation by enterprise on HEIB. (a) In the united States of America employed home economics major to enterprise was organized autonomously HEIB subdivision within American Home Economics Association since 1920's and the membership of HEIB was 3,000 of the AHEA membership 50,000. (b) In Japan the Japanese founder HEIB had three times the bilateral congress with the U.S.HEIB and had 10th anniversary celebration in 1988. Japanese HEIB member are not necessary to be home economics graduates but should have certificate as consumer adviser effected by the Minister of Trade and Industry. Japanese subdivision of consumer affaire within Japanese enterprise employ the consumer adviser with the certificate. Because of this different system from the United Sates, Japanese HEIB call their title "HEEB" instead of HEIB. The Japanese consumer adviser certificate system had initiated since 1980 and it belongs to 2nd level national qualification certificate. Currently active membership of Japanese "HEEB" association had increased from 115 (in 1979) to 319 in 1988. (5) For the opening of the future new employment of home economics graduates to enterprise and qualification required for the HEIB by national enterprise in Korea, I studied on the courses which seem to be important and required by employee in the field of HEEB in the United States of America and preliminary curriculum for home economics related major student aimning to be the future "HEEB" by Japanese HEEB study group of Japanese Association of Home Economics. It is suggested that it is very important and urgent to realize as home economics educator to have common deep concern and endeavors on opening new employment for our home economics major student1), we should try to publicize strongly and let enterprise and consumer protection board realize that employee in the subdivision of consumer protection should be the one who well experienced home economics major graduates2), we, home economics educator, should try to develop actively new curriculum in line of the suggestion made earlier for our future home economics major student of open broadly their future employment opportunities3), we, home economics educators, should try to have consensus on whether we should have support from government in terms of receiving national qualification certificate on consumer pretection or not4), and I would appreciate if the Korean Home Economics Association and Korean Home Management Society paydeep and positive concern on this matter.

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Identification of Japanese Black Cattle by the Faces for Precision Livestock Farming (흑소의 얼굴을 이용한 개체인식)

  • 김현태;지전선랑;서률귀구;이인복
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.341-346
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    • 2004
  • Recent livestock people concern not only increase of production, but also superior quality of animal-breeding environment. So far, the optimization of the breeding and air environment has been focused on the production increase. In the very near future, the optimization will be emphasized on the environment for the animal welfare and health. Especially, cattle farming demands the precision livestock farming and special attention has to be given to the management of feeding, animal health and fertility. The management of individual animal is the first step for precision livestock farming and animal welfare, and recognizing each individual is important for that. Though electronic identification of a cattle such as RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) has many advantages, RFID implementations practically involve several problems such as the reading speed and distance. In that sense, computer vision might be more effective than RFID for the identification of an individual animal. The researches on the identification of cattle via image processing were mostly performed with the cows having black-white patterns of the Holstein. But, the native Korean and Japanese cattle do not have any definite pattern on the body. The purpose of this research is to identify the Japanese black cattle that does not have a body pattern using computer vision technology and neural network algorithm. Twelve heads of Japanese black cattle have been tested to verify the proposed scheme. The values of input parameters were specified and then computed using the face images of cattle. The images of cattle faces were trained using associate neural network algorithm, and the algorithm was verified by the face images that were transformed using brightness, distortion, and noise factors. As a result, there was difference due to transform ratio of the brightness, distortion, and noise. And, the proposed algorithm could identify 100% in the range from -3 to +3 degrees of the brightness, from -2 to +4 degrees of the distortion, and from 0% to 60% of the noise transformed images. It is concluded that our system can not be applied in real time recognition of the moving cows, but can be used for the cattle being at a standstill.

A Study on the Hangul Input Methodology for Eye-gaze Interface (시선 입력 장치에 의한 한글 입력 시스템 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Seo Han-Sok;Kim Chee-Yong
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 2004
  • New developments in IT already impact wide segments of a young and mobile population. It is evident that applications of information technology can be of equal benefit to the aged and the disabled. `Eye-Gaze'(EGI) technology was designed for people with paralysis in the upper body. There is a compeling need for a dedicated Korean Language interface for this system. The purpose of this study is to research 'Barrier Free' software using a control group of the mobility impaired to assess the Eye-Gaze Interface in the context of more conventional input methods. TheEGI of this study uses Quick Glance System of Eye Tech Digital Systems. The study will be evaluated on criteria based upon the needs of those with specific disabilities and mobility problems associated with aging. We also intend to explore applications of the Eye-Gaze Interface for English and Japanese devises, based upon our study using the Hangul phonology.

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Determination of Nitrogen Balance of Agricultural Land among OECD Nutrient Balance Indexes (OCED 농업양분지표중 질소 균형지표 설정)

  • Lee, Chun-Soo;Kim, Pil-Joo;Park, Yang-Ho;Kwak, Han-Kang
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.347-355
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    • 2000
  • To determine nitrogen balance (Input-Output) of Korea that was asked by Joint Working Party of the Committee for Agriculture and the Environment Policy Committee, OECD, nitrogen input and output were separately investigated as followings: nitrogen input included the amounts of chemical fertilizer consumption, cattle manure production, and biological nitrogen fixation in the national scale, and nitrogen output summed amounts withdrawn by crop and pasture harvesting, and crop residue removal, and lost by denitrification. In 1997, nitrogen balance of Korea was $158kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $211kg\;ha^{-1}$ on including and excluding denitrification loss, respectively. N balance excluded N loss by denitrification and N withdrawal by crop residues on nitrogen output was $250kg\;ha^{-1}$, which OECD asked to except two items from N balance determination because participants were not enough their data. Nitrogen balance was increased to 1.7~2.3 times in 1997 compared with 70 and $162kg\;ha^{-1}$ in 1985, which calculated on the condition of including denitrification and excluding denitrification and removal of crop residues in nitrogen output, respectively. This increase was caused mainly by increasing livestock manure production and chemical fertilizer consumption together with agricultural land area decrease. Nitrogen input was composed with 59% of chemical fertilizer. 42% of cattle manure and 5% of others in 1997, and output was with 73% of crop production, 23% of crop residue withdrawal and 4% of pasture production. Average nitrogen balance excluded N loss by denitrification and N withdrawals by crop residues in 1995~1997 calculated by OECD was $253kg\;ha^{-1}$, which was the second highest rank in OECD participants following $262kg\;ha^{-1}$ of Netherlands. Japanese N balance that has similar farming system with us was $135kg\;ha^{-1}$.

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A Study on Marketing of Cultured Laver Products (양식해태의 유통에 관한 조사 연구)

  • 유충열
    • The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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    • v.4 no.1_2
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    • pp.19-57
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    • 1973
  • Laver io one of the most necessary and seasonal items in Korean food from oldtimes. Laver is lagely eaten in dried form, and its supply depends entirely upon culture weeds. The history of laver culture in Korea about sixty or seventy years is older than in Japan. Significance of laver culture is divided into two aspects, one is food supply in the nation, and the other is export to other countries. Houses engaged in laver culture are about foully thousands, and laver production in 1972 is estimated as 1, 3 bitten sheets. (1 sheet is a dried laver of 20 cm sq, in the shape of paper) Especcially meaning of layer production is the concentration of labour input, and systematic management of labour. From around 1920, the method of laver culture was introduced by Japanese Imperialism for mono culture in shallow seas, and mass products of laver is provided to Japan market, DOMESTIC MARKET Fundamental consume function calculates at below, $D_{(68_71)}$=16354 $Y^{0.471}$ $P^{-1.0662}$ where D is total layer demand, Y income variable, P price variable. It means income elasticity is 476. in the whole country, and price elasticity is 1, 07. But generally income elasticity is higher in urban area than in rural area, as shown at 1, 3 in Seoul city. Expence of laver in house expenditure is mutually correlated with another expence, See Table 12 about the relative function. See Table 14 and 16 about the relation between the gathering and the changes of price in auction, wholesale and retail price support system is for two effects, one of which is constraint of the upper price, the other is rise of the lower price. Before the system control, the equation in three year average calculated as below, $Y_{b}$ =18, 907.7455+15435.9364 t (r=0.89) where the origin t=0 is the November and the units are month. Post the system control, $Y_{p}$ =30, 047.9636+1, 631.1721t (r=0.97) therefore, this system has an effect only on the rise of lower price, Average annual margins of laver products at four market levels according to the consumer spent is below. EXPORTING MARKET Japanese demand function of laver products is, Log D=5, 289+1, 108 Log Y-1, 395 Log P (r=0.987) where D is Japanese laver demand, Y income variable, P price variable. according to which income elasticity is 1. 1 and price elasticity is 1.4. Laver production in 1970 tile highest record till then, is estimated as six billion sheets. But the recent improvement of laver culture techniques, the production of seeds and freezing storage of seeds has been stabilized. Futher new culture farms have been developed by means of break- water fences or by floating culture method. These improvements have been backed up with increased demand of laver products. Import quantity and price of Korean laver products are restrained by three organizations, that is producer, distributor and consumer. This relationship calculated by regression equation shows that import is influenced only producer organization, at the sacrifice of consumer profit. For increase to export of laver products, we urgently require to open foreign trade of laver products for Japanese consumer, .and Japan has political responsibility to solve Korean laver structure. But with long run timeseries, as regards Japanese production and import quantity, importing function shows increasing trend as below, 250 million sheets <3, 947.1674+0.005 $L_{g}$ >) 600 million sheets where $L_{q}$ is relative production quantity of laver in Japan. (unit; 100 thousand sheets) Our Export effort should be put on the highly processed products whithin the restraind quote.ote.

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A Study on Implementation of Emotional Speech Synthesis System using Variable Prosody Model (가변 운율 모델링을 이용한 고음질 감정 음성합성기 구현에 관한 연구)

  • Min, So-Yeon;Na, Deok-Su
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.8
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    • pp.3992-3998
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    • 2013
  • This paper is related to the method of adding a emotional speech corpus to a high-quality large corpus based speech synthesizer, and generating various synthesized speech. We made the emotional speech corpus as a form which can be used in waveform concatenated speech synthesizer, and have implemented the speech synthesizer that can be generated various synthesized speech through the same synthetic unit selection process of normal speech synthesizer. We used a markup language for emotional input text. Emotional speech is generated when the input text is matched as much as the length of intonation phrase in emotional speech corpus, but in the other case normal speech is generated. The BIs(Break Index) of emotional speech is more irregular than normal speech. Therefore, it becomes difficult to use the BIs generated in a synthesizer as it is. In order to solve this problem we applied the Variable Break[3] modeling. We used the Japanese speech synthesizer for experiment. As a result we obtained the natural emotional synthesized speech using the break prediction module for normal speech synthesize.

Optimization of SWAN Wave Model to Improve the Accuracy of Winter Storm Wave Prediction in the East Sea

  • Son, Bongkyo;Do, Kideok
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.273-286
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    • 2021
  • In recent years, as human casualties and property damage caused by hazardous waves have increased in the East Sea, precise wave prediction skills have become necessary. In this study, the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) third-generation numerical wave model was calibrated and optimized to enhance the accuracy of winter storm wave prediction in the East Sea. We used Source Term 6 (ST6) and physical observations from a large-scale experiment conducted in Australia and compared its results to Komen's formula, a default in SWAN. As input wind data, we used Korean Meteorological Agency's (KMA's) operational meteorological model called Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS), the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts' newest 5th generation re-analysis data (ERA5), and Japanese Meteorological Agency's (JMA's) meso-scale forecasting data. We analyzed the accuracy of each model's results by comparing them to observation data. For quantitative analysis and assessment, the observed wave data for 6 locations from KMA and Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) were used, and statistical analysis was conducted to assess model accuracy. As a result, ST6 models had a smaller root mean square error and higher correlation coefficient than the default model in significant wave height prediction. However, for peak wave period simulation, the results were incoherent among each model and location. In simulations with different wind data, the simulation using ERA5 for input wind datashowed the most accurate results overall but underestimated the wave height in predicting high wave events compared to the simulation using RDAPS and JMA meso-scale model. In addition, it showed that the spatial resolution of wind plays a more significant role in predicting high wave events. Nevertheless, the numerical model optimized in this study highlighted some limitations in predicting high waves that rise rapidly in time caused by meteorological events. This suggests that further research is necessary to enhance the accuracy of wave prediction in various climate conditions, such as extreme weather.

Characteristics of A-POC in Issey Miyake Collection (이세이 미야케 컬렉션에 나타난 A-POC의 특성에 관한연구)

  • Joo, Sung Kum;Jeong, Jae Chul
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.259-266
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    • 2017
  • In a contemporary fashion along with the advance of high technology, development of a new material is being increasingly emphasized and the need of creative convergence using a computer is being expanded. As a global designer who appeared through association between Japan and the West, Issey Miyake has been continually pursuing a new challenge and a solution using high technology, leading the globalization of Japanese fashion. This research aims at examining design characteristics of Issey Miyake collection's A-POC showing a new paradigm, that is, an innovative clothing manufacture system to input information on materials, colors and shapes into a textile machine based on the computer program and manufacture a cylindrical fabric for completion of seamless clothing without sewing or cutting. A-POC is evolving continually through the development of new materials including recycled fibers and organics together with diversification of processing technology. Besides, it shows design characteristics including an integrated manufacturing method, autonomy for customers' selection, practicality for comfortable wearing by the majority, environment friendly idea to reduce waste of fabrics and materials and a new presentation through convergence of exhibition concepts of modern art. This research on Issey Miyake's A-POC characteristics is expected to present a role of fashion designers in a new design idea and paradigm of contemporary clothing using high technology.