• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

As a dependency on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) becomes increase in various applications, its reliability has been very important. However, in South Korea, Global Positioning System (GPS) jamming incident happened four times since 2010. GNSS signal is so weak that it is highly susceptible to all types of the jamming. GNSS jamming can cause serious damage in the safety-critical applications based on the GNSS. In this paper, we present the GNSS jamming signal propagation prediction simulator based on ITU-R P.1546 model. This simulator is developed for preventing or reducing the damage from the GNSS jamming attack by predicting the jamming propagation strength based on the geographical information in Korean peninsula.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1084-1094
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• 1991

우리나라가 위성통신 시스템을 도입함에 있어 고려해야할 것중의 하나는 있을 수도 있는 방해전파(jamming)의 영향이다. 따라서 본 논문은 현재 세계적으로 이용되고 있는 Mary PSK(MPSK)신호를 채택하고 비선형 중계기로 하드리미터(Hard limiter)을 포함하는 소프트 리미터 (Soft limiter)를 도입하여 업링크(Uplink)상에 본 재명 (Tone Jamming)과 가우스 잡음이 존재하고 다운링크 상에는 가우스 잡음만이 존재하는 환경하에서 비선형 위성중계기를 거쳐 수신되는 MPSK신호의 오육식을 유도하였다 유도된 오율식으로부터 업링크반송파 대 접은전력과 업링크반송파 내 Tone jamming파의 전련비 다운링크반송과 잡음전력비 및 정규적 리미팅 레벨을 파라메터영향을 검토하였다 검토결과 업링크 반송파네 잡음 전력비를 증가시키거나 리미팅레벨을 감소시키므로서 BPSK와 QPSK시스템의 오율특성에 대한 재명의 영향이 감소함을 할 수 있었고 재명이 존재할 때에는 리미팅 레벨의 영향이 거의 없음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 리미팅 레벨이 0인 하드리미터의 경우에 오율특성이 가장 양호함을 알 수 있었다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2022

전시 상황에서 군용 항공기의 통신 시스템은 재밍(Jamming)에 노출되어 있으며, 아군의 무선통신에 대한 재밍 시도가 있는 환경에서도 원활한 항공작전을 수행하기 위해서는 항재밍 성능이 높은 통신장비를 탑재하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 무선통신에 적용될 수 있는 재밍과 항재밍(Anti-Jamming) 기술에 대해 세부적으로 확인하고, 주파수 도약 방식 차세대 항재밍 무전기의 제원 차이와 이러한 변화에 따른 항재밍 성능 개선에 대해 공개된 자료 범위 내에서 간략하게 분석하였다. 또한 국산 신형 항공기 설계 시 고려해야 할 점과 현재 운영중인 항공기에 차세대 항재밍 통신장비 탑재 가능성을 확인하였으며 차세대 항재밍 통신장비의 항재밍 능력 향상이 갖는 전술적 유용성에 대해 확인하였다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

Recently, number of intentional jamming has increased significantly. If GNSS jammers are activated, user receivers can be largely influenced due to the vulnerable characteristic of the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signal. When the reception power of the jamming signal and that of the navigation signal are similar, the C/A (Coarse Acquisition) chip delay error can occur in the delay locked loop. To evaluate the jamming effect, a new measurement model is formulated based on previous research works. The new model explains how the jamming to signal ratio affects the ranging measurement accuracy and other parameters. To evaluate the validity of the newly formulated model, the experiment results of the previous research works under actual jamming environment are utilized. By evaluating the consistency of the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) and the position error with the actual jamming environment, the validity of the newly formulated model is verified.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2014

Radio frequency (RF) jamming is a denial of service attack targeted at wireless networks. In resource-hungry scenarios with constant traffic demand, jamming can create connectivity problems and seriously affect communication. Therefore, the vulnerabilities of wireless networks must be studied. In this study, we investigate a particular type of RF jamming that exploits the semantics of physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. This can be extended to any wireless communication network whose protocol characteristics and operating frequencies are known to the attacker. We propose two efficient jamming techniques: A low-data-rate random jamming and a shot-noise based protocol-aware RF jamming. Both techniques use shot-noise pulses to disrupt ongoing transmission ensuring they are energy efficient, and they significantly reduce the detection probability of the jammer. Further, we derived the tight upper bound on the duration and the number of shot-noise pulses for Wi-Fi, GSM, and WiMax networks. The proposed model takes consider the channel access mechanism employed at the MAC layer, data transmission rate, PHY/MAC layer modulation and channel coding schemes. Moreover, we analyze the effect of different packet sizes on the proposed jamming methodologies. The proposed jamming attack models have been experimentally evaluated for 802.11b networks on an actual testbed environment by transmitting data packets of varying sizes. The achieved results clearly demonstrate a considerable increase in the overall jamming efficiency of the proposed protocol-aware jammer in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy expenditure and detection probabilities over contemporary jamming methods provided in the literature.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2014

GNSS has the disadvantage of being vulnerable to jamming, and thus, the necessity of jamming countermeasure techniques has gradually increased. Jamming countermeasure techniques can be divided into an anti-jamming technique and a jammer localization technique. Depending on the type of a jammer, applicable techniques and performance vary significantly. Using an appropriate jamming countermeasure technique, the effect of jamming on a GNSS receiver can be attenuated, and prompt action is enabled when estimating the location of a jammer. However, if an inappropriate jamming countermeasure technique is used, a GNSS receiver may not operate in the worst case. Therefore, jammer identification is a technique that is essential for proper action. In this study, a technique that identifies a jammer based on template matching was proposed. For template matching, analysis of a received jamming signal is required; and the signal analysis was performed using a spectral correlation function. Based on a simulation, it was shown that the proposed identification of jamming signals was possible at various JNR.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2020

This paper presents the radar counter jamming algorithm and ground far-field test results for the pull-off deceptive jamming signals like RGPO(Range Gate Pull Off) and VGPO(Velocity Gate Pull Off). We designed the radar counter jamming algorithm according to the characteristics of the deceptive jamming signals. This algorithm is validated by simulation before ground far-field test. The existing X-band AESA radar demonstrator was used to test the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm was applied to the radar processor software. The deceptive jamming signals generated using the commercial jamming signal generator. We performed the repeated ground far-field test with the test scenario. Test results show that the proposed counter deceptive jamming algorithm works in the real radar system.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3444-3457
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• 2021

In the field of anti-jamming based on dynamic spectrum, most methods try to improve the ability to avoid jamming and seldom consider whether the jammer would perceive the user's signal. Although these existing methods work in some anti-jamming scenarios, their long-term performance may be depressed when intelligent jammers can learn user's waveform or decision information from user's historical activities. Hence, we proposed a hidden anti-jamming method to address this problem by reducing the jammer's sense probability. In the proposed method, the action correlation between the user and the jammer is used to evaluate the hiding effect of the user's actions. And a deep reinforcement learning framework, including specific action correlation calculation and iteration learning algorithm, is designed to maximize the hiding and communication performance of the user synchronously. The simulation result shows that the algorithm proposed reduces the jammer's sense probability significantly and improves the user's anti-jamming performance slightly compared to the existing algorithms based on jamming avoidance.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.869-875
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• 2016

In this paper, a novel scheme with which to mitigate a repeat-back jamming effect is proposed for the GPS L1 coarse/acquisition signal. The proposed scheme estimates the code tracking bias caused by repeat-back jamming signals using a Combined Pseudo-random noise signal. It then mitigates the repeat-back jamming effect by subtracting the estimated code timing on a normal correlation channel from the estimated value. Through a Monte-Carlo simulation, the proposed scheme can diminish the running average of code tracking bias to less than 10% of the bias using the conventional scheme.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2018

Since the global positioning system receivers on the surface of the Earth use satellite signals sent from a remote distance and the intensity of received signals is weak, they are vulnerable to jamming. This paper implements a vector-tracking loop (VTL)-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver algorithm as an anti-jamming technique and compares the performance of VTL-based receivers with that of scalar-tracking loop (STL) that is used in general GNSS receivers at various jamming environments and a vehicle's dynamics. The simulation results shows that VTL is more robust against jamming than STL in all operating environments.