• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.594-606
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• 2022

This study was conducted to figure out the environment factors including vegetation structure and soil characteristics in natural habitats of Sageretia thea, and offers the basic information for habitats conservation and proliferation. The natural habitats of Sageretia thea were located at altitudes between 0~370 m with inclinations ranged as 3~35°. Through the vegetation research, the dominant species of tree layers were found to be divided into four communities. Cornus macrophylla (Com. I), Pinus thunbergii - Cinnamomum camphora (Com. II), Machilus thunbergii (Com. III), and Pinus thunbergii (Com. IV). The Species diversity (H') was 1.397~1.455, evenness (J') was 0.972~0.986, and dominance (D) was found to be 0.014~0.028. As a result of the physicochemical characteristics of soils, habitats soil mainly consisted of sandy soil and sandy loam soil. The average soil pH was 5.28~5.98, electronic conductivity was 0.22~63 ds/m, soil organic matter was 13.33~19.33 cmol⁺/kg, Exchange cations were appeared in the order of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺. The Ordination result showed that Correlation coefficient between communities and environmental factors were significantly correlated with 4 main factors altitude, electronic conductivity, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Na⁺. As expected, The result of this study will be helpful information on the preservation and mass production for use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2000

This survey investigated on the degree of acknowledgment, intake frequency and using methods of wild grasses of the residents in Kyeonggi, Kangwon, Chunnam, Chungbook, Kyeongnam & Cheju area. The results were as follows: 1. An answer that impression of wild grasses is 'nature food' was the highest(42.6%). It was founded that interest of nature food has been increasing. 2. It has been shown that the most common method for elimination of astringent taste is to blanch and then wash several times with water.(62.9%) 3. The most common obtaining routes was traditional market. It has been shown that rate of gathering in the fields is higher in rural community and the group of over 60 years old than that of urban community and the other groups. 4. In rural area, people(28.7%) ate wild grasses more frequently than in urban area. Family with the old and the group of over 40 years old eat wild grass often. 5. More than 95% of answerers were familiar with the names of wild grasses, codonopsis lanceolata, chinese bellflower, braken, mugwort, wild rocambole and edible shoots of a fatsia & Korean lettuce are known to them with over 88.6%, 85.1% respectively. Frequently eaten wild grasses were braken, chinese bellflower, wild tocambole, codonopsis lanceolata, mugwort and korean lettuce orderly. But in Chunnam & Kyeongnam, they were braken, chinese bellflower, mugwort, wild rocambole and Korean lettuce orderly. 6. Wild grasses eaten with rice were total 25 species, and mugwort had the highest usage rate with 41.9%. Mugwort was used for $D'{\breve{o}}k$(rice cake)(77.8%), T'wigim $J{\breve{o}}n$(deep fat fried dish swallow fat fried dish)(50.1%) and liquor(4.6%). In the cooking of Guk(soup), Chigae(stew), Sengch'ae(raw vegetable) and kinds of wild grasses for Namul(cooked seasonal vegetable) & Bokkum(saute) are the most various with 58 species, especially braken was most commonly used for saute. Sedum & Korean lettuce were the common ingredients of Kimch and codonopsis lanceolata was used in liquer & Jangachis(pickle) with 40%, 46% each. Chinese bellflower was used with the most variable cooking method. 7. 43 species of wild grasses were stored by blanching and drying, and braken had the highest rate(32.3%) then aster scaber, flowering fern, Pimpinella brachycarpa, mugwort and ligularia orderly.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1973

Experiments were conducted to study resistance of rice varieties originated from Korea·and IRRI-sources to the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER. The nature of varietal resistance to the insect was evaluated from the viewpoints of ovipositional and feeding preferences and antibiosis. A trial was also made to survey local biotypes o( the green rice leafhopper possible to show different reaction for the rice varieties. The varieties resistant to the green rice leafhopper were mostly IRRI sources such as Bir-tsan-3, MTU-15, DK-1, DV-139, H105, ASD-7, MGL-2, PTB-18, Muthumanikam, Vellanlangalayan, and the domestic commercial varieties were generally susceptible, but only the reaction of Tong-il and its lines were moderate. Ovipositional and feeding preferences were significantly different among the varieties, but no correlation was observed between the two preferences. The nature of varietal resistance to the insect seemed to be related with the feeding preference, not ovipositional preference. The green rice leafhoppers confined on the resistant varieties such as PTB-18, Muthumanikam, H105 etc. suffered higher nymphal mortality than the susceptible varieties such as T(N) 1 and Jinheung. Though the varieties Mudgo and Suweon 214 were moderately resistant and moderate in plant reaction, the insects confned on two varieties suffered relatively higher nymphal mortality. No local biotypes of green rice leafhoppers with respect to plant reaction were found.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.239-249
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• 1996

Despite the importance of prenatal nutrition, many studies find inadequate calcium intake among pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of the Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining the intentions and the actual consumption of milk among pregnant women participating in or eligible for WIC. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information regarding attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, milk allocation within the family, intentions and consumption of milk. The survey questionnaire was developed using open-ended questions and interviews with 112 pregnant women. One-hundred-eighty women recruited from prenatal clinics completed the survey questionnaire. Multiple regression was used separately to investigate the association of factors to intentions and to the consu-mption of milk, as proposed in the theory. Milk allocation within the family was used as an exploratory variable to explain milk consumption. Study findings revealed that all three factors, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control contributed to the model in explaining intentions (explained variance : 36.2%), with perceived control being most important. For milk consumption, intentions and perceived control were related significantly to actual consumption, while milk allocation within the family was not (explained variance : 44.6%). These findings suggest that perceived control is important in understanding both intentions and milk consumption, providing empirical evidence for the Theory of Planned Behavior. With respect to the role of perceived control, more strong evidence was provided in explaining intentions. Findings suggest that educational interventions to increase milk consumption among pregnant women should incorporate strategies to enhance the perception of control, and to strengthen positive attitudes and to elicit social support from significant other. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) 239-249, 1996)

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.487-502
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• 2012

This paper is focused on mineral compositions, microstructures and distributional characters of remained grains in the fault rocks collected from a fault developed in Yongdang-ri, Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju City, Korea, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope, laser grain size analysis and fractal dimension analysis methods. The exposed fault core zone is about 1.5 meter thick. On the average, the breccia zone is 1.2 meter and the gouge zone is 20cm thick, respectively. XRD results show that the breccia zone consists predominantly of rock-forming minerals including quartz and feldspar, but the gouge zone consists of abundant clay minerals such as chlorite, illite and kaolinite. Mineral vein, pyrite and altered minerals commonly observed in the fault rock support evidence of fault activity associated with hydrothermal alteration. Fractal dimensions based on box counting, image analysis and laser particle analysis suggest that mineral grains in the fault rock underwent fracturing process as well as abrasion that gave rise to diminution of grains during the fault activity. Fractal dimensions(D-values) calculated by three methods gradually increase from the breccia zone to the gouge zone which has commonly high D-values. There are no noticeable changes in D-values in the gouge zone with trend being constant. It means that the bulk-crushing process of mineral grains in the breccia zone was predominant, whereas abrasion of mineral grains in the gouge zone took place by continuous fault activity. It means that the bulk-crushing process of mineral grains in the breccia zone was predominant, whereas abrasion of mineral grains in the gouge zone took place by continuous fault activity. Mineral compositions in the fault zone and peculiar trends in grain distribution indicate that multiple fault activity had a considerable influence on the evolution of fault zones, together with hydrothermal alteration. Meanwhile, fractal dimension values(D) in the fault rock should be used with caution because there is possibility that different values are unexpectedly obtained depending on the measurement methods available even in the same sample.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 1994

The initial growth and herbicidal responses of Scirpus planiculmis were examined under both laboratory and greenhouse condition. Initial growth of S. planiculmis at two different soils(soil A and B), was compared with the growth at normal paddy soil, and growth rates at two soils were 32% and 86% as compared to the growth rates at normal paddy soil. Two different soils were soil A(rice-uncultivable) and soil B(rice-cultivable). Transplanted(2.5 leaf stage) and direct seeded rice(Dongjinbyeo) could not grow at soil A. The growth of transplanted rice at soil B was almost same as the growth at normal paddy soil, but the growth of direct seeded rice was 50% of the growth at normal paddy soil. S. planiculmis among the perennial weeds was most tolerant to NaCl, and Cyperus serotinus, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, Potamogeton distinctus were followed. The intial growth rate of S. planiculmis was more rapid than C. serotinus. Cutting types and times of corm reduced 20-40% of the initial growth of S. planiculmis. During the initial growth of S. planiculmis, the growth of S. planiculmis was severly inhibited by the earlier removal of corm from seedlings, and it represents that the corm plays an important role in the initial growth of this species. Bentazone among 14 commercialized herbicides showed the best safety on direct seeded rice and the highest control effect agaist S. planiculmis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 1971

The study involved determination of resistance levels of spider mites to Metasystox, Folidol and C-8514 using slide dip technique: a feid trial of alternative acaricides using an O/P resistant strain. 1. Resistant strains of two-spotted spider mite( Tetranychus urticae Koch) were collected from Taegu, Kyungsan, Chunchun, Yesan, Suwon, Osan and Chungju, and kept in the glasshouse through the experiments. Resistant strains of European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) were collected from Chungju, Taegu, Yesan, Chunchun, Suwon and Whasung, and Wonju susceptible was collected. Immediately after collection, tests were applied. All strains except susceptible populations had regularly been sprayed with Organo-phosphates including Parathion (or Folidol), Metasystox, Phenkapton and Trithion for more than the ten Bast years; and Organo-chlorines such as Kelthane and C-8514 more than five years. Comparisons of the resistant strains and susceptible strains at the $LC_50$ values are as follows: a. With Metasystox, resistance levels of the Chungju, Taegu, Yesan, Chunchun and Suwon resistant strains of P. ulmi were respectively, 96,52,4,3 and 2, times as resistant as the Wonju susceptible strain. b. With Folidol, resistance levels of the Chungju, Chunchun, Yesan, Whasung and Suwon strains of P. ulmi showed respectively, 126, 48, 33, 30 and 6-fold resistance levels over the susceptible strain. c. With C-8514, resistance levels of the Taegu, Suwon, Whasung and Chungju strains of P. ulmi were 42, 31, 30 and 20 times greater than the susceptible strain, respectively. d. With Metasystox, resistance levels of the Taegu, Chunchun, Yesan and Suwon, strains of T urticae were respectively, 32,29,25 and 17 times as resistant as the susceptible strain. e. With C-8514, resistance levels of the Taegu, Chungju and Kyungsan strains of T. urticae showed respectively, 59, 29 and 19-fold resistance levels over the Osan strain. 2. Field trials were carried out to assess the toxicities of eleven alternative materials which would be used for control of O/P resistant strain of Panonychus ulmi. The acaricide groups represented were 2 Organo-chlorines (Kelthane MF and Prethylen), 1 carbamate (Furadan), 1 nitrophenyl (Morocide), 1 carbonate (Morestan), 1 tin(Plictran), 1 fluorine (Nissol), 2 mixtures (Fundal and Banmite) and Organo-phosphate (Phenkapton). Of all acaricides tested Kelthane, Plictran, Fundal and Morestan were the most effective; fol]owed by Banmite, Furadan, Prethylen and Nissol. Sumite and Morocide were intermediate, but Phenkapton(Organo-phosphate) was very poor. In other words, a first application of the above outstanding materials gave very high degrees of control of O/P resistant population of European red mite for about 7 to 12 days. However, the results indicate that secondary application would sometimes be necessary. There was no foliage damage to apple trees by any of the acaricides tested of the concentrations used.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 2005

Local K-index is an indicator representing local geomagnetic activity in every 3 hour. For estimation of the local K-index, a reasonable determination of solar quiet curve (undisturbed daily variation of geomagnetic field) is quiet essential. To derive the solar quiet curve, the FMI method, which is one of representative algorithms, uses horizontal components (H and D) of 3 days magnetometer data from the previous day to the next day for a specific day. However, this method is not applicable to real time forecast since it always requires the next day data. In this study, we have devised a new method to estimate local K-index in near real-time by modifying the FMI method. The new method selects a recent quiet day whose $K_p$ indices, reported by NOAA/SEC are all lower than 3, and replace the previous day and the next day data by the recent quiet day data. We estimated 2,672 local K indices from Gyeongzu magnetometer in 2003, and then compared the indices with those from the conventional FMI method. We also compared the K indices with those from Kakioka observatory. As a result, we found that (1) K indices from the new method are nearly consistent with those of the conventional FMI method with a very high correlation (R=0.96); (2) onr local K indices also have a relatively high correlation (R=0.81) with those from Kakioka station. Our results show that the new method can be used for near real-time estimation of local K indices from Gyeongzu magnetometer.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2008

A total of one hundred and ninety five nutritionists selected based on population scale in high schools in Gyunggi Province were questioned about utilization of eggs in school meals. Almost half of those nutritionists have utilized eggs in school meals $3{\sim}5$ times per month. Most frequent cooking methods of eggs were boiled eggs. Eggs obtained from food distributors and egg distributors were 80.8% and 13.2%, respectively. Also, the nutritionists in middle population area prefer to purchase graded eggs. The most frequently occurring problems in cooking eggs were egg shell braking and related food safety. The present study revealed that egg is good for school meals, but various menus for easy cooking are yet to be developed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.100-110
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate influence of chemical properties in the riparian on the species diversity and to get plant information for enhancement of natural purification in Mankyeong River. The concentration of total nitrogen was high in Jeonju and Sam stream, while that of total nitrogen showed the highest peak in Winter. Concentrations of $NH_4-N$ was $0.01{\sim}0.06\;mg/L$ in Gosan and Soyang stream. The water quality of upstream along with Mankyeong River was suitable for the irrigation source. The riparian vegetation was investigated by Zurich-Montpellier school's method from June, 2001 to September, 2002. The number of riparian plants were 59 families, 129 genera, 165 species, 20 varieties in Gosancheon, on the while 53 families, 111 genera, 141 species, 19 varieties in Soyangcheon. The number of riparian plants in Bari basin was higher than that of other sites namely, 73 families, 134 genera, 218 species, 33 varieties. Riparian vegetation was consisted of 12 plant communities. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity had negative relationship with species diversity (Species richness index, Heterogeneity index, Species evenness index Species number). On the while, species diversity had positive relationship with soil pH. Species diversify of the plant communities were affected by topography and disturbance.