• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 2007

The development of suitable genetic markers would be useful for defining species and delineating the species boundaries of morphologically indistinguishable sponges. In this study, genetic variation in the sequences of nuclear rDNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3 (CO1 and CO3) regions were compared in morphologically indistinguishable Korean Halichondriidae sponges in order to determine the most suitable species-specific molecular marker region. The maximal congeneric nucleotide divergences of Halichondriidae sponges in CO1 and CO3 are similar to those found among anthozoan cnidarians, but they are 2- to 8-fold lower than those found among genera of other triploblastic metazoans. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS: ITS1 + ITS2) showed higher congeneric variation (17.28% in ITS1 and 10.29% in ITS2) than those of CO1 and CO3. Use of the guidelines for species thresholds suggested in the recent literature indicates that the mtDNA regions are not appropriate for use as species-specific DNA markers for the Halichondriidae sponges, whereas the rDNA ITS regions are suitable because ITS exhibits a low level of intraspecific variation and a relatively high level of interspecific variation. In addition, to test the reliability of the ITS regions for identifying Halichondriidae sponges by PCR, a species-specific multiplex PCR primer set was developed.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.419-427
• /
• 2000

Today travel demand continues to increase with spread of economic zones. Also, urban freeway plays an important role in intra-zone transportations as a major corridor in a big city. However, most of urban freeways experience a severe congestion with the excess of inflowing or outflowing traffic through freeway ramps. The purpose of this study is to identify the traffic characteristics, analyze the relationships between the traffic characteristics and finally construct the speed predictive models on the ramp junctions of urban freeway under the intelligent transportation system(ITS) settings. From the analyses of traffic characteristics following results were obtained: ⅰ) 24 hours average traffic characteristics flow, occupancy, speed under the ITS settings showed about 40%, 38%, 8.8% increase each on urban freeway junctions period when compared with that under the non-ITS settings each other. Free flow speed and traffic flow on the mainline sections of urban freeway under the ITS settings also showed about 20% and 17% increase when compared with that under the non-ITS, respectively. ⅱ) The upstream when compared speed( $S_{u}$)and downstream occupancy( $O_{d}$) were especially shown to have higher explanatory powers on the stable flow ramp junctions, but the upstream speed( $S_{u}$) and downstream flow( $V_{d}$) were especially shown on the unstable flow ramp junctions of urban freeway under the ITS settings.ngs.ngs.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2009

The bramble cultivated widely in South Korea, which is known as Bokbunja-ddal-gi, is regarded as having originated from Korean native Rubus coreanus. This study was carried out to obtain basic phylogenetic information on Korean cultivated bramble (KCB) by comparing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions with those of R. coreanus, blackberry (R. lanciniatus), black (R. occidentalis) and red (R. idaeus) raspberry. Sequences of the ITS 1 suggest that some KCB accessions share a significant similarity with both R. occidentalis and R. coreanus in the ITS 1 region. The ITS 2 sequences of the three KCB accessions clustered more closely to those of two R. occidentalis accessions than to those of R. coreanus. These results suggest that there exist variations in the sequences of ITS among KCB accessions and KCB accessions are more closely related to black raspberry than R. coreanus in the ITS regions.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.233-242
• /
• 2000

The traditional image of hydraulic excavator started to change in two ways since 1990. First, post-heavy equipment's visual image was new waves to traditional image of heavy, strong, and wild. They are the negative aspect that excavators have. Another movement of getting rid of its negative image can be found in late-heavy equipment, which was intended to adapt traditional and positive, but off negative images. In 1990s, the design trend is moving from warm/hard to warm/soft, and KOBELCO can be exceptional example that went even further, gone up to cool-soft image. KOBELCO specially aimed 'post- excavator image' strategy, which has been successful. Image of cabin as a human space changed little bit further than outside image. Each company tried to differentiate the design of cabin focusing on its safety. Following paragraphs show specific trend of image change in form, colour, texture, and the composition. Major visual image change in form tries to follow the image of cars and home appliances which are showing the movement from tough and hard image to soft one. Structural change on local image shows the movement from angular edge to edgeless and the movement of cabin's pillar C placed to back of the equipment with gentle inclination. All of these movements are the result of effort to improve traditional excavator's negative image, that top structure is assembled separately, to positive ones. Today's tendency about its color becomes important to apply two different colour styles. Each style has brightness and tone comparison. As an enormous power convey system, it was in common that its brightness comparison was useful because of the alarm of its damage possibility. However, as its colour control and its design have been emphasized gradually, the tone comparison takes a part in an important role, too. As an example, there is an occasion that these comparisons are compromised simultaneously. In the respect of its image creation, its texture treatments make the tendency of being the same as passenger cars. It is caused from its development of the manufacture techniques of from the fabrication method in small business to the press method in big firm. Further, it is also because of its improvement of painting & coating skills. It may prohibit the reflection effect from solar rays. In the point of view of its visual images, it is recognized the prominent tendency that its composition has been gradually decreased. Lots of windows and the frames tends dark-colour as a whole. It is more preferred to have one colour image, but except KOBELCO and HITACHI. As well, there is another high-tendency to improve its standard treatments, especially for its corner and texture treatments.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.821-834
• /
• 2002

In order to measure the inter- and intraspecific genetic divergences within the genus Alexandrium, the variations within the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions and 5.85 ribosomal RNA gene of eight Alexandrium species were examined for 33 strains from diverse geographical locations by direct sequencing. Five isolates of A. tamarense (AT-2, AT-6, AT-10, AT-A and AT-B) from Jinhae Bay, Korea were found to be completely identical to a Japanese strain OFX151-A. The length of the amplified ITSI-5.85-ITS2 region varied from 481 nucleotides (in A. margalefi) to 528 nucleotides (in A. affine CU1-1). ITS1 and ITS2 nucleotide lengths were negatively correlated, whereas a positive correlation was found between their G＋C content. The degree of sequence divergence ranged from 0.3% (1 bp) to a maximum of 53% (305 Up). Pairwise sequence comparisons revealed a small degree of divergence between A. tamarense and A. Pundyense isolates (1.2 - 2.3% ＝ 6-12 bp), but a high degree of divergence between A. tamarense and A. catenella (19.8% ＝ 102 bp), and between A. catenella and A. Pundyense (19.7%). Although most nodes were weakly supported by bootstrap values, some types tend to form independent molecular groups. A. catenella isolates also formed an independent molecular sub-group, with relaticula strong bootstrap values (94% or 85% and 79% or 98%, respectively in PAUP and NJ trees). Interestingly, A. cohorticula and A. frateculus always clustered within the same sub-group, this result being supported by strong bootstrap values. Our results indicate that the ITS regions provide useful informations on hierarchical population genetic structure and a high phylogenetic resolution in intraspecific and interspecific Alexandrium population.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 2013

In this study, nucleotide sequence structures of intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, complete 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and ITS 2 region were analyzed to identify three Peruvian entomopathogenic fungal isolates. The isolates had highly conserved sequence region in 5.8S rRNA gene and unique sequences in ITS 1 and 2 region among them. 5.8S rRNA gene regions were highly conserved and showed high homoloies among tested isolates. In contrast, ITS region showed species-specific sequence region, resulting in inter-genus differencies. Scanning electron microscopic images of these isolates supported the result of ITS-based identification. From these result, Peruvian entomopathogenic fungal isolate J270, J278, were identified as Beauveria bassiana and J271 was identified as Lecanicillium attenuatum.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.224-239
• /
• 2023

C-ITS (Cooperative-Intelligent Transportation System) refers to user safety-oriented technology and systems that provide forward traffic situation information based on a two-way wireless communication technology between vehicles or between vehicles and infrastructure. Since the Daejeon-Sejong pilot project in 2016, the C-ITS infrastructure has been installed at various locations to provide C-ITS safety services through highway and local government demonstration projects. In this study, a methodology was developed to verify the effectiveness of the warning information using individual vehicle data collected through the Gwangju Metropolitan City C-ITS demonstration project. The analysis of the effectiveness was largely divided into driving behavior impact analysis and environmental analysis. Compliance analysis and driving safety evaluation were performed for the driving impact analysis. In addition, to supplement the inadequate collection of Probe Vehicle Data (PVD) collected during the C-ITS demonstration project, Digital Tacho Graph ( DTG ) data was additionally collected and used for effect analysis. The results of the compliance analysis showed that drivers displayed reduced driving behavior in response to warning information based on a sufficient number of valid samples. Also, the results of calculating and analyzing driving safety indicators, such as jerk and acceleration noise, revealed that driving safety was improved due to the provision of warning information.

• 한국ITS학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.519-524
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we mainly describe the development of exclusive u-device essentially required to implement new ITS services (taxi call service, service for transportation vulnerable, transport information service, walker's navigator, electronic payment service, call information service etc.). To design this device, Samsung main CPU S3C2440A was selected and large memories (ROM and RAM) which are required for new ITS services are applied. In addition, all of GPS, RFID module, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functions are included to develop an exclusive device indispensable in the ubiquitous society. For this, in this paper, we first examined detailed design of an exclusive u-device development, and based on the designed contents, the performance of a realized u-device was evaluated. If services are created by linking new ITS services with relevant public institutions or companies, based on application of the exclusive u-device developed as above, they would be expanded to a new blue ocean, expectedly resulting in a big spillover effect in local societies.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.578-583
• /
• 2010

It has been reported that extracts of globe thistle (Echinops spp.) and thistle (Circium spp., Carduus spp. and Onopordum spp.) have anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Methanol extracts of Echinops setifer and Carduus spp. were used to test and see if the extracts of these plants could suppress growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Although extract of Echinops setifer showed no anti-mycobacterial activities, extract of Carduus spp. showed inhibition zones when tested with filter discs. Genomic DNA was isolated from Carduus spp. and PCR was performed to clone a DNA fragment containing ITS1, 5.8S rRNA gene and ITS2. A 733-bp PCR product was obtained and its DNA sequence was reported to the GenBank (accession number GU188570). BLAST search of the obtained DNA sequence did not show a match with any DNA sequences in the Genbank. Carduus crispus and Carduus defloratus had the closest phylogenetic relationships to this plant.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.4 no.2 s.7
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2005

In autumn 2000, the Korea Ministry of Construction and Transportation (MOCT) announced that Daejeon metropolitan city, Jeonju and Jeju were chosen to showcase deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS). The program called the Advanced Transportation Systems Model Deployment Initiatives makes a significant step in Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure (In) in Korea. The Initiative is poised to increase the performance and efficiency of the area's roadway and transportation systems to meet growth demand. Three citie's $\$$50 million Model Deployment Initiative project is poised to increase the performance and efficiency of the area's roadway and transportation systems to meet growth demand. The effort particularly focused on the traveler information systems that should raise the level of ITS awareness in Korea. In this paper, project management, funding, private investment, procedures and detailed review of ITS Model Deployment Initiatives are discussed.