• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.370-376
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• 2021

Backround: Working condition surveys are widely recognized as useful tools for monitoring the quality of working life and the improvements introduced by health and safety policy frameworks at the European and national level. The Italian Workers' Compensation Authority carried out a national survey (Insula) to investigate the employer's perceptions related to working conditions and their impact on health. Methods: The present study is based on the data collected from the Italian survey on health and safety at work (INSULA) conducted on a representative sample of the Italian workforce (n = 8,000). This focuses on the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and self-reported health using a set of logistic and linear regression models. Results: Working conditions such as managerial support, job satisfaction, and role act as protective factors on mental and physical health. On the contrary, workers' risk perceptions related to personal exposure to occupational safety and health risks, concern about health conditions, and work-related stress risk exposure determine a poorer state of health. Conclusions: This study highlights the link between working conditions and self-report health, and this aims to provide a contribution in the field of health at work. Findings show that working conditions must be object of specific preventive measures to improve the workers' health and well-being.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The Italian fashion industry has achieved a remarkable success in the global market with the distinctive features of its industry structure and product quality, and such a system has been subject to many researches. Especially, the retail structure centered on small speciality retail stores rather than the industry structure of medium and small sized companies and department stores is thought to be the most noticeable distinctive feature that differentiates the Italian fashion industry from other countries. This system is thought to be a driving force behind the continuous development and innovation closely associated with the market. In result, As medium and small size companies are the center of the Italian fashion industry, advantages of small companies based on region, that is, flexibility and innovation of medium and small size companies, close cooperation between companies are utilized and it has been progressing closely with the Italian traditional culture and being modernized based on traditional technological skills.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.169-185
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• 2002

Data collections were made from the Seoul five-star hotels'Italian restaurant to set goals on the quantity standardization by bringing up the issues from the analysis of their menus and portions. Brief of this research is as follows. The first, variations of Italian cuisine are significantly different from the region to region. The chef or cook must have general knowledge and understanding, and consider the ingredients and its cooking method. The second, for the understanding of fire Italian menu, languages used for the menu have to be in worldwide understandable languages and for the better understanding of Korean chefs, it should be also described in Korean. The third, for the cost controller and to reduce the cost, all food should be prepared in proper cooking method and set goal for the right portion size. The fourth, menu should be selected based on the customer preferences and the menu cycle change is adequate for four times a year. Italian food and dishes are prepared by above points with the standardized portion size and cooking method, more efficient and uniformed dishes will be provided to customers and customers will be fulfilled with the satisfaction.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2001

This study concentrates on the relationship between the early 20th century italian artists and their works in the field of clothing design. They advocated the creation of art for life and introduced a new type of work of art which I will call 'experimental clothing for art'. The experimental clothing for art showed its dynamic characteristics in the field s of line and form, color, pattern, and material. The Italian artists made simple and functionalistic dresses, using asymmetric, geometric cuts. in pattern making. They employed dynamic patterns in textile design and favored brilliant colors which they debunked as storage and traditional. With regard to material, they used unusual materials such as metal, net, wire, and paper and inexpensive materials. To investigations of the visual expression of experimental clothing for art in Italy have led us to the internal expressions which are avant-garde, dynamic & speed, functionality & popularity, ephemeral & transformable, and warlike. As a result of the reflection of the times and the artists's will and roles the experimental clothing for art in Italy implicated contemporary clothing in the early twentieth century and it was only laboratory art that underwent various experiments in canvas but a model of efforts for the at of living, which was anti-traditional. It offered a new future and created a new environment. It is left for future research how the experimental clothing for art developed in countries other than Italian.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.636-641
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• 2011

Four different green manure crops, hairy vetch, Italian ryegrass, crimson clover, orchard grass were cultivated to test the differences in their effects on soil improvement. After plowing to incorporate the green manure crops, tomato plants were grown as a succeeding crop to investigate the effects of green manure on the soil physical properties and plant growths. The experimental results showed that green manure could decrease the soil hardness. Italian ryegrass and hairy vetch as the green manure were especially effective in decreasing the soil hardness. Orchard grass and Italian ryegrass provided more void in soil matrix, resulting increased soil moisture contents. After two months, bulk density was decreased in the plots of Italian ryegrass and orchard grass. However, there were no significant differences between green manure plots and control after the cultivation of the succeeding crop. The results indicated that the growing Italian ryegrass and hairy vetch as green manure helped growing tomato plants. Orchard grass also improved the soil characteristics, comparable to Italian ryegrass in spite of their relatively small biomass.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the different cutting height on the changes of nonstructural carbohydrate contents, winter survival, spring yields of Italian ryegrass, tall fescue and pernennial ryegrass swards. It was carried out on the experimental field of Livestock Experiment Station, in Suweon, from Sept. 1986 to May 1987. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The changes in soil surface temperature of plots were slightly appeared among grasses. But not appeared with cutting heights. 2. Nonstructural carbohydrate contents of three grasses until wintering showed much more in line with unclipped, 15 cm cutting and 6 cm cutting height. Among three grasses, Italian ryegrass was highest and tall fescue was lowest. Otherwise, wintering survival was not show the difference among grasses and cutting heights. 3. The green yields was much more producted in line with Iralian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. But in dry matter yields, it was not significantly different among grasses and cutting heights.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 1996

Today we are inclined to dine out more frequently according as the national income is increased and Women enter into the Social life, 'This tendency results in the universality of foodculture and the food made of fresh food stuff as well as the Pollution-free food is preferable as everyone warits to eat natural food or health food and escapes from the pollution. Moreover we have socail problems like fatress and adult disease which result from the small amount of activity or the food with high calory and high gat. under this circumstance. the most adeguate food seems to be Italian good. It stand in the spottight of food world and is most preferable for everyone today. The sphere of food and beverage has a low value-added-rate compartry to the high increasing rate of customers and profit, so, the efficient managing method for the cost of food and beverage and the operating skill in the kitchen are the principal factors leading to success or failure. Therefore, this research is to show some remedies as follows, pointing out the operating problems of an selected Italian restaurant at the top class hotel. First, most Italian restaurant at the hotel are located in the best place and investing the big capital, But they are open for only 8 hours through a day. This should be improved not to bring a enormous loss to the hotel The brealefast menus such as vegetables or fish food, pizza and pasta which modern man can easily enjoy should be developed open the restaurants for morning gours. Second, the business hours are not made continously. As a result, all the emplyees should stay in the company all day long without taking any advantage of the losed time, This will be the loss for both the company and the employees, By veloping the morning menus, employees shald be classified into morning and afternoon staffs and the opening and closing hour at 3 and 6 O'clock should be used so that minimum number of employees may operate the company. Third, the characteristic of Italian food is in the use of fresh food stuff, The proper purchase of food stuff and the simple distributing system will help Italian restaurant show its character istcc as a hzgh-grade restaurant. Fourth, the most popular Italian food such as pizza or pasta should be market with Priority.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2001

"Hwasan 102" is a new cold-tolerant Italian ryegrass(Lo1ium rnultiflorum L.) variety developed by theNational Livestock Research Institute(NLRI) in 1999. Having cold tolerance in Italian ryegrass is an importantfor enlargement of cultivation area and increase of productivity in Korea. To develop the cold-tolerant varietyof Italian ryegrass, cold-tolerant clones survived under - 13- - 14$^{\circ}$C of minimum average air temperature(MAAT) in January were selected at Dun Nae, Kwangwon Province in 1993. Five of selected clones werepolycrossed for seed production by NLRI, RDA, in 1995."Hwasan 102" was tetraploid variety, dark green in leaf color and broad in flag leaf width. Also it hassemi-prostrate and medium growth habit in late autumn and in early spring, respectively. "Hwasan 102" withlow plant height at harvesting time was excellent in lodging tolerance. First heading date of "Hwasan 102"was 19th May, it was similar to that of Marshall. Expecially, "Hwasan 102" survived about 60% under - 10- - 12$^{\circ}$C of MAAT in January, so it could be cold-tolerant variety that can be safely cultivated in regionshigher than -9'C of MAAT in January. Compared with Marshall, "Hwasan 102" showed 8% higher freshyield (59.2MT per ha) but it showed 2% lower dry matter yield (9.6MT per ha). Higher IVDMD and TDNand lower ADF and NDF were observed in "Hwasan 102" than those of Florida 80 and Marshall in Foragequality.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety "Hwasan 102")rshall in Foragequality.(Key words : Italian ryegrass, Cold tolerance, New variety "Hwasan 102")san 102&")ot;)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.230-235
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of soil phosphorus(P) level on growth environment of annual-and perennial plant. The results obtained are summarized as follow:1. With increasing level of phosphorus fertilizer, plant length of Italian-and perennial ryegrass tended to increase. 2. After the second year, DM yield of perennial ryegrass was significantly higher than that of Italian ryegrass in all treatments. 3. In the difference of P-yield between high P-treatment and nil P-treatment, there was tendency for that of Italian ryegrass to be increased but for perennial ryegrass to be decreased throughout 3 years. 4. The growth of perennial ryegrass compared with Italian ryegrass was tended to profitable in low phosphorus environment than high phosphorus environment.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2010

It was in the fifteenth century in Italy that men began to talk of a rebirth in the arts and literature. Today we consider the period to belong to the Renaissance. We noticed the splendour of costume and the important role it played, in the life of Italian society in that period. From elsewhere in Europe and also from the East, dyestuffs came to Italy overland or in shiploads. Red and blue, notably kermes and madder on the one hand, and indigo and woad on the other were fundamental textile dyes in Italy. Saffron was used for yellows, oak galls for blacks. Renaissance Italian costumes' main color symbolized various meaning. Red symbolized high rank, affection, lady, redemption and various cardinal virtueses. Yellow was evaded color which was symbolized the lower class, betrayal, and gold. Green symbolized penniless, youthfulness, hope and love. Blue symbolized humbleness, sincerity, knowledge and the Madonna. Purple symbolized nobility, vice and various meanings. Black symbolized death, grief, beauty and elegance. These color symbols in the Renaissance Italian costumes were very similar to that of modern color symbols.