• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

Three catalase cDNA clones were isolated from the small radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences showed the greatest homology to those of Arabidopsis. Genomic Southern blot analysis, using RsCat1 cDNA as a probe, showed that catalases are encoded by small multigene family in the small radish. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels revealed the presence of several catalase isozymes, the levels of which varied among the organs examined. The isozyme activities were assigned the individual catalase genes by Northern analysis using total RNA from different organs. The three catalase genes were differentially expressed in response to treatments such as white light, xenobiotics, osmoticum, and UV. Their expression in seedlings was controlled by the circadian clock under a light/dark cycle and/or in constant light. Interestingly, RsCat1 transcripts peaked in the morning, while those of RsCat2 and RsCat3 peaked in the early evening. Our results suggest that the RsCat enzymes are involved in defense against the oxidative stress induced by environmental changes.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.417-431
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• 1987

Isozyme analysis, morphometric comparison, and artificial hybridization test wereperformed to elucidate the patterns of genic variation, morphological differentiation, genetic incompatibility, and a probable path in speciation between two MDH allelotypes (MM type and MS type) of the Dark Chub Zacco temmincki, a fresh water fish inhabiting in Korean waters. The degree of genic variation of MS type(HD=.023, HG=.021) was twofold higher than that of MM type (HD=.013, HG=.014) but both allelotypes were far less than the average genic variation of fresh water Bish in general. The average genetic similarities among 7 populations of MM type and 6 Populations of MS type were S=.947 and S=.966 respectively, whereas the value between two allelotypes was S=.853. Presumed divergent time of two allelotypes was estimated to be about 700 thousand years ago. Discriminant function analysis based on 18 morphometric characters of 302 specimens representing 12 populations revealed no morphological difference between two allelotypes. Artificial hybridization test indicates that there is an obvious genetic incogpatibility between two allelotypes and therefore it is assumed that isolating mechanism is completed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1982

Megagametophyte and embryo tissue of Pinus densiflora were subjected to study the inheritance of glutamate-oxalate transaminase(GOT) and leucine aminopeptidase(LAP), and linkage relationship among isozyme loci coding both enzymes by starch gel zone-electrophoresis. Four zones of activity were observed for GOT. No variation was found in the fastest migrating zone (GOT-A). Electrophoretic phenotypes of the other two zones (GOT-B and GOT-C) showed 1:1 segregation ration, suggesting that each zone is controlled by a single locus. Foru and three alleles were identified at both loci respectively. The isozyme pattern of the fourth zone(GOT-D), migrated cathodally, coincided precisely with that of GOT-C. Whether the two zones are controlled by the same locus or by two tightly linked loci remained unknown. In all three variant GOT zones, heterozygoes embryos produced triple band patterns, indicating that GOT isozyme in Pinus densiflora is a dimer. Two zones of activity stained for LAP were found. The segregation of the two zones (LAP-A and LAP-B) suggested that tow loci control each of both isozymes. Two and three alleles were identified at both loci. GOT-B and LAP-B were found to be tightly linked, showing an average recombination frequency of 12.5 percent. Slight deviation from independent assortment was observed between GOT-B and GOT-C, with recombination frequency of 41 percent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

Genetic differentiation of populations is resulted from the environmental and the genetic effects, and the interactions between them. Whereas, the major factors influencing to the genetic differentiation within populations are the gene flow induced by seed or pollen dispersial, the microsite heterogeneity, and the density-dependent distribution of individuals. For the purpose of studying spatial genetic structure and the distribution pattern of Korean pines(Pinus koraiensis), we set up one $100{\times}100m$ plot at a Korean pine stand in Quercus mongolica community on Mt. Jumbong in Korea. To estimate the coefficient of spatial autocorrelation as Moran's index and an analogue, simple block distance, isozyme markers were analyzed in 325 Korean pines. For 11 polymorphic loci observed in 9 enzyme systems, the average percentage of polymorphic loci, the observed and expected heterozygocity were 72.2% 0.200, and 0.251, respectively. It was revealed the excess of homozygotes was observed in the plot, which suggests that here may be more number of consanguineous trees than expected. On the basis of isozyme genotypes observed in this study, 325 trees were classified into 147 groups in which the maximum number of trees for one group was 34. From the distance class of 24-32m, the genetic heterogeneity began to increase. The variation of simple block distance against the growth performance by tree height and diameter also showed the same trend at 24~32m class. According to high fixation index(F=0.204), the spatial genetic structure within a stand, the analysis of the growth performance, and the distribution patterns of identical genotypes, we inferred that the genetic structure of a Korean pine stand in Mt. Jumbong has been maintained rather density-dependent mechanism than the gene flow, such as the pollen dispersial or the heavy input of seeds following the forest gaps. The genetic patchy size was determined between 24~32m, which suggests that the selection of individuals for the ex situ conservation of Korean pine in Mt. Jumbong may be desirable to be made with the spatial distance over 37 meters between trees.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2007

An indigenous multivoltine silkworm, Nistari was evaluated for their thermo tolerance by exposing the larvae to various temperature regimes for eight hours. Among different temperature exposed, this strain has significant tolerance at $32^{\circ}C$. Analysis of heat shock protein revealed the expression of 70 kDa and 64 kDa polypeptides in fat body and midgut tissues. Interestingly esterase isozyme pattern in midgut showed characteristic expression of Est-1 and Est-3 at different temperatures signifying role in heat and cold shock.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2004

Understanding farmer household and community management of crop diversity is necessary in order to effectively strengthen the local plant genetic resources management system in Vietnam, Assessment and management for distribution of farmer's cultivars of rice, taro and tropical tree species were conducted in four different agro-ecological zones in Vietnam using participatory approaches, focus surveys, diversity fairs, agro-morphological field trials, isozyme analysis to understand why Vietnamese farmers grow diverse types of these crop cultivars, when and where these crops cultivars are grown and how farmers maintain and use them. Results showed significant differences in the extent, distribution and use pattern crop cultivars diversity in contrasting environments and between community farmer households. Seed system is an important role in the access and use of diversity in eco-geographical regions.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 1996

The genetic variation in Korean evening primorse (Oeothera odorata L.) populations was examiend to estimate the level of allozyme variation within populatons using starch gel electrophoresis. 7 of 13 loci (Adh, Est-1, Est-2, Mdh-2, Pgd-2, Pgm-1, and Idh) revealed (Ps=43.2%) were polymorphic. The mean number of alleles per locus (A) and polymorphic locus (Ap) for populations were 1.64 and 2.46, respectively. The effective number of alleles (Aep) within populations relatively was low ranging from 1.08 to 1.22 with a mean of 1.14. Within populations, the mean number of allele per polymorphic loci (Ap) was 2.46, the mean number of alleles per locus (A) was 1.64, and the mean genetic diversity was 0.093. About 2.7% of the total allozyme diversity resided among populations (Mean GST=0.0274). FIS, a measure of the deviation from random mating within 13 populations, was relative low (mean FIS=0.03636). The indirect estimate of gene flow, based on the mean GST, was high (Nm=8.88). Estimates of gene flow were consistent with low levels of genetic differentiation among populations.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.6 no.3_4
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• pp.123-132
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• 1991

Acute poisoning with organic solvents and other volatile compounds now usually follows deliberate inhalation (volatile substance abuse) or ingestion of these compounds. The effect of butane gas inhalation was analyzed for serum, liver, brain, lung and muscle. And the observations are revealed on rat cholinesterase activity, lactatedehydrogenase activity and electrophoretic pattern of lactatedehydrogenase isozyme. The results are as follows: 1. The rat cholinesterase activity on serum, liver and muscle show the decreased by increasing of inhalation time of butane gas in particular the lung cholinesterase activity was greatly affected. 2. Butane gas inhalation brought out the lactatedehydrogenase activity increased of the serum and the tissues and had an important effect especially in both the liver and muscle 1actatedehydrogenase activities. 3. Each tissue was found to have a characteristic distribution of lactatedehy-drogenase isozymes on celluloseacetate electrophoresis and the development of inhalation time is shown the disappearance and diffusion of band. The toxicity of butane gas inhalation was most prominence in the liver and lung toxicity was occurred also.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

This study was conducted to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and genetic characterization of silkworms that might be recognized as the Korean native strains. Genetic characterization in isozymes and the proteins of larval hemolymph of 17 silkworms were observed by acrylamide gel eletrophoresis, on 12 genes; Bph, Bes, les, Amy-hc, Ict-A, -B, -D,-E,-H, Pfl, Pst, Lp. Gene frequencies in each locus were compared other geographic strains. Korean native strains were remarkably different from others considered as the genetic characterization of Korean native strains. Phylogenetic relationships in Korean native strains were analysed using RAPD-PCR markers. A total of 40 primers were used and 346 bands of amplified DNA were generated from geographic strains. Genetic similarity based on the RAPD bands was used to construct phylogenetic dendrogram based on analysis of bard sharing data of amplified markers. Genetic similarity ranged from 0.595 to 0.860. In the genetic relationship based on dendrogram, they were classified into Bombyx mori group (including 16 domesticated silkworm strains) and B. mandarina group. The Bombyx mori group was separated into three sub-groups at the genetic similarity of 0.6930, including Korean, Japanese and Chinese groups. According to this result, the Korean native variety can be considered as a clearly different variety from other geographic strains. It may be concluded that the Korean native strains are also one of original geographic variety such as Japanese, Chinese, etc.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2008

Normal soybean seed contains three lipoxygenase isozymes called L-1, L-2, and L-3, respectively, which are responsible for the generation of undesirable grassy-beany flavors. Simple and effective methods for the detection of lipoxygenase isozymes were developed in soybean seeds. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) has been tried in separating these isozymes. It was done effectively on 7.5% separating gel and 4.5% stacking gel. However, no reliable method has been developed specifically for separating L-3, L-13 and L-23. Visual judging methods were based on the bleaching activities of lipoxygenase in contact with methylene blue and ${\beta}$-carotene. Sodium linoleate bleaching method was adopted to determine L-1 and L-2. Carotene bleaching and spectrophotometric methods were used to determine L-3. These systems were very rapid within one minute, furthermore only required a small piece of cotyledon (below 10 mg) and the other part could be used for generation advance after analysis. It was demonstrated that 200 seed samples could be analyzed per day by one laboratory assistant. The combination of visual judging methods and electrophoresis is suitable for breeding programs. It took 6.5 hours for analysis of 100 seed samples by one person.