• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 1995

Glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) applied to the assimilate-exporting leaves or sprayed to the whole plants of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mil var. Moneymaker) induced the rapid inhibition of 5-enolpyruvyl skimic acid 3-phosphate synthase(EPSP-synthase). It shows that EPSP-synthase activity precedes chlorophyll loss. There is no difference in EPSP-synthase activity between in vivo tomato meristem and cell suspension culture if glyphosate is not applied. The EPSP-synthase activity is in a range of 4 to 6 nkat per mg protein. The inhibition of EPSP-synthase action is induced within 36 h after glyphosate application while the Chl contents were reduced 48 h after the application. In cell suspension culture of tomato and Corydalis (Corydalis sempervirens), a sublethal concentration of glyphosate retards the fresh weight increase and prolonged lag phase. The fresh weight is reached maximal about 14 days after the subculture in the presence of glyphosate. The inhibitory effect of glyphosate on EPSP-synthase is remarkably induced in lag phase.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2006

The present study including two experiments was designed to determine the effect of media containing different rare earth elements (REE) on proliferation and fatty acids accumulation in 3T3-L1 cell cultures. In Experiment 1, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in 96-well plates ($1.5{\times}10^4cells/ml$) were cultured with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h. Then the media were changed to the following 10 different media for 48 h: DMEM containing 10% FBS for the control; the above media containing $5{\mu}M$, $10{\mu}M$ or $15{\mu}M$ of $LaCl_3$, $CeCl_3$ or the mixture of these REE chlorides. The proliferation rate of the cells was measured and compared by a non-isotope method-XTT method. In Experiment 2 the cells in 24-well plates ($1.5{\times}10^4cells/ml$) were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS for 7 days until confluent and then were changed to above DMEM containing dexamethasone, methyl-isobutylxanthine and insulin (DMI) for two days. Afterwards the media were changed to the 10 different media with REE supplements as in Experiment 1 and cultured for 6 days. The cells were then harvested for fatty acids analysis by gas chromatography. It was found that supplementation of La (5, 10 and $15{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$ and $15{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE (5, 10 and $15{\mu}M$) stimulated (p<0.05) the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (Experiment 1). In the differentiating 3T3-L1 cells supplementation of La ($5{\mu}M$ and $10{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE ($5{\mu}M$ and $15{\mu}M$) decreased (p<0.05) the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) per $10^5cells$, while the supplementation of La ($5{\mu}M$), Ce ($5{\mu}M$) and the mixture REE ($15{\mu}M$) increased (p<0.05) the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to MUFA. These results indicate that the supplementation of REE to the media may affect proliferation, differentiation and lipogenesis rates of 3T3-L1 cells. However, the effect may depend upon the level or type of REE applied.