• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 2011

Current fuel ethanol research and development deals with process engineering trends for improving biotechnological production of ethanol. Recently, a large amount of studies regarding the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a good feedstock for producing fuel ethanol is being carried out worldwide. The plant biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The main challenge in the conversion of biomass into ethanol is the complex, rigid and harsh structures which require efficient process and cost effective to break down. The isolation of microorganisms is one of the means for obtaining enzymes with properties suitable for industrial applications. For these reasons, crude cultures containing cellulosic biomass degrading microorganisms were isolated from rice field soil, cow farm soil and rotten rice straw from cow farm. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xylan and Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) degradation zone of clearance on agar platefrom rice field soil resulted approximately at 25 mm, 24 mm and 22 mm respectively. As for cow farm soil, CMC, xylan and Avicel degradation clearancezone on agar plate resulted around at 24mm, 23mm and 21 mm respectively. Rotten rice straw from cow farm also resulted for CMC, xylan and Avicel degradation zone almost at 24 mm, 23 mm and 22 mm respectively. The objective of this study is to isolatebiomass degrading microbial strains having good efficiency in cellulose hydrolysis and observed the effects of different substrates (CMC, xylan and Avicel) on the production of cellulase enzymes (endo-glucanase, exo-glucanase, cellobiase, xylanase and avicelase) for producing low cost biofuel from cellulosic materials.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.479-500
• /
• 2022

In this study, a new type of isolation bearing is proposed by combining S-shaped steel plate dampers (SSDs) with a spherical steel bearing, and the seismic control effect of a five-span standard high-speed railway bridge is investigated. The advantages of the proposed S-shaped steel damping friction bearing (SSDFB) are that it cannot only lengthen the structural periods, dissipate the seismic energy, but also prevent bridge unseating due to the restraint effectiveness of SSDs in the large relative displacements between the girders and piers. This study first presents a detailed description and working principle of the SSDFB. Then, mechanical modeling of the SSDFB was derived to fundamentally define its cyclic behavior and obtain key mechanical parameters. The numerical model of the SSDFB's critical component SSD was verified by comparing it with the experimental results. After that, parameter studies of the dimensions and number of SSDs, the friction coefficient, and the gap length of the SSDFBs were conducted. Finally, the longitudinal seismic responses of the bridge with SSDFBs were compared with the bridge with spherical bearing and spherical bearing with strengthened shear keys. The results showed that the SSDFB can not only significantly mitigate the shear force responses and residual displacement in bridge substructures but also can effectively reduce girder displacement and prevent bridge unseating, at a cost of inelastic deformation of the SSDs, which is easy to replace. In conclusion, the SSDFB is expected to be a cost-effective option with both multi-stage energy dissipation and restraint capacity, making it particularly suitable for seismic isolation application to high-speed railway bridges.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.46-54
• /
• 2013

Objective: This study was undertaken to isolate a fibrin(ogen)olytic enzyme from the snake venom of Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus and to investigate the enzymatic characteristics and hemorrhagic activity of the isolated enzyme as a potential pharmacopuncture agent. Methods: The fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated by using chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fibrin plate assay. The characteristics of the enzyme were determined by using fibrin plate assay, protein hydrolysis analysis, and hemorrhage assay. Its amino acid composition was determined. Results: The fibrin(ogen)olytic enzyme with the molecular weight of 27 kDa (FE-27kDa) isolated from G. b. siniticus venom consisted of two heterogenous disulfide bond-linked polypeptides with the molecular weights of 15 kDa and 18 kDa. When more than $20{\mu}g$ of FE-27kDa was applied on the fibrin plate, fibrinolysis zone was formed as indicating its fibrinolytic activity. The fibrinolytic activity was inhibited completely by phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride (PMSF) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and partially by thiothreitol and cysteine. Metal ions such as $Hg^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$ inhibited the fibrinolytic activity completely, but $Mn^{2+}$ did not. FE-27kDa preferentially hydrolyzed ${\alpha}$-chain of fibrinogen and slowly hydrolyzed ${\beta}$-chain, but did not hydrolyze ${\gamma}$-chain. High-molecular-weight polypeptides of gelatin were hydrolyzed partially into polypeptides with molecular weights of more than 45 kDa. A dosage of more than $10{\mu}g$ of FE-27kDa per mouse was required to induce hemorrhage beneath the skin. Conclusion: FE-27kDa was a serine proteinase consisting of two heterogeneous polypeptides, hydrolyzed fibrin, fibrinogen, and gelatin, and caused hemorrhage beneath the skin of mouse. This study suggests that the potential of FE-27kDa as pharmacopuncture agent should be limited due to low fibrinolytic activity and a possible side effect of hemorrhage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.141-146
• /
• 1997

Postmortem examination was conducted on 350 (three hundred and fifty) chickens. Related samples (Liver, heart, ovary, spleen, bone-marrow, and caecal junction) were collected. The appropriate materials from the samples were cultured into different media. A total 40(forty) isolates of salmonella pullorum and S. gallinarum were identified and preserved. Characterization of the isolates were done by cultural, morphological, biochemical, and serological tests. Salmonella pullorum antigen was prepared from the local isolate, standardized and tested. This antigen was used in the field for the detection of pullorum or fowl typhoid infection or carrier birds. The antigen consisted of suspension of Salmonella pullorum in 0.50 percent sodium chloride plus 1.5 percent sodium sulfate and inactivated with 1% formalin U.S.P. and standardized with McFarland scale iv or by pour plate method containing 800 million organisms per milliliter and stained by the addition of alcoholic crystal violet. Sterility, safety and potency were tested and found as good as other international antigens. The antigen was found to retain its quality for six months when preserved at room temperatures. The test was made by mixing one drop of the antigen with a drop of blood or a drop of serum, on a glass plate or white tile. The locally produced antigen was as good as antigens from Japan, Hungary, Holland and India. A serological study was conducted with the locally prepared antigen in different farms, and the incidence was 0-4% in government farms, 5-10% in commercial imported breeds and 0-3% in cross breed local farms respectively.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study was undertaken to isolate a fibrinolytic enzyme from the snake venom of Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus and to investigate its enzymatic characteristics and hemorrhagic activity as a potential pharmacopuncture agent. Methods: The fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated by using chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fibrin plate assay. The characteristics of the enzyme were investigated using fibrin plate assay, protein hydrolysis analysis, and hemorrhage assay. Its amino acid composition was determined. Results: The fibrinolytic enzyme with the molecular weight of 32kDa (FE-32kDa) from Gloydius blomhoffii siniticus showed a fibrin hydrolysis zone at the concentration of 0.2 mg/mL in the fibrin plate assay. The fibrin hydrolysis activity of the enzyme was inhibited completely by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA), and 1, 10-phenanthroline, thiothreitol and cysteine, and partially by phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride (PMSF). Metal ions such as $Fe^{2+}$ and $Hg^{2+}$ inhibited the fibrin hydrolysis completely, but $Zn^{2+}$ enhanced it. FE-32kDa hydrolyzed ${\alpha}$-chain but did not hydrolyze ${\beta}$-chain and ${\gamma}$-chain of fibrinogen. High-molecular-weight polypeptides of gelatin were hydrolyzed partially into low-molecular-weight polypeptides, but the extent of hydrolysis was limited. FE-32kDa induced hemorrhage beneath back skin of mice at the dose of $2{\mu}g$. Conclusions: FE-32kDa is a ${\alpha}$-fibrin(ogen)olytic metalloprotease that requires $Zn^{2+}$ for fibrinolytic activity and causes hemorrhage, suggesting that the enzyme is not appropriate for use as a clinical pharmacopuncture.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2011

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the noise isolation capacity of floor slabs, and thus an increase of slab thickness is required. In addition, long span floor systems are frequently used for efficient space use of building structures. In order to satisfy these requirements, a biaxial hollow slab system has been developed. To verify the structural capacity of a biaxial hollow slab system, safety verification against earthquake loads is essential. Therefore, the seismic behavior of a biaxial hollow slab system has been investigated using material nonlinear time history analyses. For efficient time history analyses, the equivalent plate element model previously proposed was used and the seismic capacity of the example structure having a biaxial hollow slab system has been evaluated using the nonlinear finite element model developed by the equivalent frame method. Based on analytical results, it has been shown that the seismic capacity of a biaxial hollow slab system is not worse than that of a flat plate slab system with the same thickness.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 1988

In order to understand the regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH) synthesis in Brevibacterium flavum, we have isolated a mutant lacking NADP-linked GDH activity by ethlmethane sulfonate treatment. The $gdh^-$ mutant was grown on the minimal plate with 1mM ammonium chloride and not that with 300mM ammonium chloride. The cell-free extracts from $gdh^-$ mutant and prototroph were also examined with glutamine synthetase(GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) production by niteogen sources. The growth of $gdh^-$ mutant in presence of 20mM ammonium chloride means that GOGAT synthesis is sufficient to allow growth in this condition. GS production of $gdh^-$ mutant as well as parental strain was induced by 1mM urea and ammonium tartrate, but it was repressed by higher concentration of ammonia, and also induced by 20mM to 50mM glutamate as a substrate. It was special attention that GOGAT synthesis from $gdh^-$ strain was more repressed by higher concentration of ammonia than prototroph as described in E. coli system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 1998.04a
• /
• pp.590-595
• /
• 1998

This study was performed to obtain a numerical model for a viscous fluid damper from an experimental testing. The input signals for displacement were chosen as two type : a triangular and a sinusoidal forms. The performing test parameters were the area of the resistant plate and the oil film thickness of the viscous fluid and the temperature effect was neglected. The numerical model was established by assuming to behavior as an non-Newtonian fluid. The test results were summarized by the equation of F = 0.0308A(V/d)$^{0.51}$25/. Using the obtainal formula, the procedure to apply the viscous damper for a real structure design was introduced..

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.43-46
• /
• 1995

For using additives of foods, or cosmetics, a strain A80 producing blue pigment was isolated from soil. The strain A80 was identified as a strain of Azotobacter vinelandii based on morphological and physiological characteristics. The strain A80 was extracellulaly secreted the blue pigment on PYG agar plate, but not secreted it into PYG broth. And then, the strain A80 was extracellulaly secreted the blue pigment in PYG broth containing 2.0% chitin, while the strain A80 was not secreted the blue pigment in PYG broth containing 2.0% chitin and 1% NaCl simultaniously.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.64 no.6
• /
• pp.731-736
• /
• 2017

Friction Pendulum isolators are tools developed in the past few decades. The simplest form of these isolators, are FPS whose main disadvantages are having a constant frequency independent of the frequency of the structure. For this reason, researchers have invented VFPI isolator whose frequency is variable and depends on displacement. Another friction pendulum isolator is DCFP isolator which is a combination of two FPS isolators. In this article, first by changing the geometry of DCFP isolator plates from spherical to elliptical, the motion and frequency equations of DVFPI isolators are defined, and then the seismic behavior of DVFPI isolators are analyzed in various geometric and plate friction settings using motion equations, and confirmed using ABAQUS software. The most important results of this study are that the hysteresis behavior of DVFPI isolators are severely nonlinear, its curve follows two distinct curvatures, and that the restoring force is faced with softening mechanism that limits the seismic force transmitted to the structure, whereas the restoring force in DCFP isolators increases linearly with increasing displacement.