• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.731-738
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• 2003

The technique known as proteomics is useful for characterizing the protein expression pattern of a particular tissue or cell type as well as quantitatively identifying differences in the levels of individual proteins. In present study, we carried out the comparative expression patterns of white and red muscles. We used the two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) for analyzing the protein expression. Proteins isolated from porcine white and red muscles were separated by 12% poly-acrylamide gel and then were detected by coomassie blue and silver staining. More than 600 protein spots were detected on each 2-DE gel. By visual analysis of the stained gel, five proteins were identified to be differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. By database searching based on the molecular weights and pI(isoelectric point) of the five proteins, three of them were found to be most close to troponin I, T and myoglobin. However, further researche is needed for identification and functional analysis of the unidentified proteins. In conclusion, we found five proteins, which are differentially expressed in the white vs red muscle. The functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins will provide valuable information on biochemical characteristics of the muscle type.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2018

Information on the prevalence of S. aureus and the current antimicrobial resistance profile is necessary in selecting the appropriate treatment of S. aureus infections in any part of the world. This study examined the frequency and antibiotic resistance list of S. aureus isolates obtained from clinical specimens at one hospital in Korea. A total of 1,746 gram positive cocci collected were identified as S. aureus. S. aureus isolates were obtained from different samples including sputum (N=565; 32.4%), endotracheal aspirate (358; 20.5%), wounds (329; 18.8%), blood (137; 7.8%), urine (67; 3.8%), and pus (59; 3.4%). All 1,545 S. aureus (100%) strains screened from sputum (565; 36.6%), endotracheal aspirate (388; 25.1%), wounds (329; 21.3%), blood (137; 8.9%), urine (67; 4.3%), and pus (59; 3.8%) were sensitive to glycopeptide (vancomycin, teicoplanin), oxazolidinone (linezolid) and stretogramin (quinupristin/dalfopristin). The prevalence of resistant S. aureus was significantly (P<0.01) lower in urine, blood, pus, wounds, and sputum than in endotracheal aspirates. As a result, there was a significant difference in the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus according to the clinical specimens.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1996

Ninety-six isolates of Edwardsiella tarda recovered from outbreaks of Edwardsiellosis in cultured eels(Anguilla japonica) in Kunsan, were examined for drug susceptibility, distribution and transferabilities of R plasmid. All of the E. tarda isolates examined were sensitive to gentamicin(GM), streptomycin(SM), norfloxacin(NF), and amikacin(AK). But most isolates were resistant to sulfadimethoxine(SD, 86 strains), ampicillin(AM, 84 strains), penicillin G(PM, 80 strains), nalidixic acid (NA, 67 strains), oxytetracycline(OT, 44 strains), and oxolinic acid(OA, 37 strains). Twenty different combinations of drug resistance patterns were observed : the frequently encountered pattern was SD-AM-PM-NA-OA(16 strains), SD-AM-PM-NA(14 strains), SD-AM-PM-NA-OT-OA(12 strains), SD-AM-PM-OT(10 strains), and SD-AM-PM-NA-OT(8 strains). Transferable R plasmids were found out to be carried in 78 out of 94 resistant strains, indicating that these isolates carry conjugally transferable R plasmids associated with single or multiple drugs. The frequently observed transferarble R plasmids were AM(8 strains), AM-PM-NA(8 strains), Am-SD(6 strains), PM(6 strains), and SD(6 strains) These results suggest that high dose of various antibacterials might have already been introduced to eel culture system leading to the acquirement of multi-drug resistance to wide range of antibacterials.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.783-796
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• 2006

The periodontium is a topographically complex organ consisting of epithelial tissue, soft and mineralized tissues. Structures comprising the periodontium include the gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL) , cementum and the alveolar bone. The molecular mechanism of differentiation in PDL fibroblast cells remain unclear. Amino acid transporters play an important role in supplying nutrition to normal and cancer cells and for cell proliferation. Amino acid transport system L is a major nutrient transport system responsible for the Na+-independent transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. The system L is divided into two major subgroups, the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and the L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2). In this study, the expression pattern of amino acid transport system L was, therefore, investigated in the differentiation of PDL fibroblast cells. To determine the expression level of amino acid transport system L participating in intracellular transport of amino acids in the differentiation of PDL fibroblast cells, it was examined by RT-PCR, observation of cell morphology, Alizaline red-S staining and uptake analysis after inducing experimental differentiation in PDL fibroblast cells isolated from mouse molar teeth. The results are as follows. 1. The LAT1 mRNA was expressed in the early stage of PDL fibroblast cell differentiation. This expression level was gradually reduced by differentiation- inducing time and it was not observed after the late stage. 2. The expression level of LAT2 mRNA was increased in time-dependent manner during differentiation induction of PDL fibroblast cells. 3. There was no changes in. the expression level of 4F2hc mRNA, the cofactor of LAT1 and LAT2, during differentiation of PDL fibroblast cells. 4. The expression level of ALP mRNA was gradually increased and the expression level of Col I mRNA was decreased during differentiation of PDL fibroblast cells. 5. The L-leucine transport was reduced by time from the early stage to the late stage in PDL fibroblast cell differentiation. As the results, it is considered that among neutral ammo acid transport system L in differentiation of PDL fibroblast cells, the LATl has a key role in cell proliferation in the early stage of cell differentiation and the LAT2 has an important role in the late stage of cell differentiation for providing cells with neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

Two hundred and twenty three yeast strains were randomly isolated from Korean traditional $nuruk$. Among them, six urease producing yeast strains (designated JJA, JJB, JJ22, SHA, SHC and SH10) were selected on the Christensen urea agar plates. They showed the same pattern in the PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS I-5.8S-ITS II region digested with $Hae$III and $HinF$1 restriction endonucleases. Its DNA sequences showed 100% (strains SHA, SHC and SH10) and 99.8% (strains JJA, JJB and JJ22) identity with those of $Issatchenkia$ $orientalis$ type strain ATCC 24210. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in that all the strains were closely related to $I.$ $orientalis$. Two representative strains, JJ22 and SH10, showing the highest urease activities were selected for further characterization. Their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were also the same as $I.$ $orientalis$. Therefore, both the two strains were identified as $I.$ $orientalis$. They could grow at a wide range of temperature between $20-40^{\circ}C$ as well as pH between 2.0 and 10.0. However, a higher level urease activity were obtained at acidic pH than that at alkalic pH. The maximal level of urease activity was obtained at $30^{\circ}C$ (strain SH10) or $35^{\circ}C$ (strain JJ22) and in a liquid medium adjusted to the initial pH 5.0.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.703-709
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase (ESBL) gene and quinolone resistance determinant (qnr) and the pattern of antibiotic resistance in the ESBL-producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates. The 42 ESBL-producing strains from total 274 isolates were detected using a double disk synergy test. They were isolated from various specimens, such as urine (28 strains), sputum (6 strains), pus (3 strains), wound (2 strains), blood (2 strains), and tissue (1 strain). Using the PCR with the specific primers ESBL, ESBL and qnr gene types were determined. Thirty-five strains possessed one or two ESBL genes. CTX-M-1 type was the most abundant followed by CTX-M-9 type and TEM, but SHV, CTX-M-2, and CTX-M-8 gene types were not detected. qnr gene types were detected from ten isolates in the order of qnrB4, qnrB1, and qnrS. Coexistence of ESBL and qnr genes was found. ESBL-producing isolates showed high resistance against some antibiotics, such as cefotaxmie (80.0%), levofloxacin (82.9%), and ampicillin (100%). Neither a synergy effect from the coexistence of ESBL and qnr genes on antibiotic resistance nor a correlation between the production of qnr gene and quinolone resistance were found.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.917-923
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• 2002

Inhibitory mechanism of the anticoagulant polysaccharide purified from Codium fragile was investigated. The anticoagulant compounds (Cf-30-IV-4-ii, CF-30-IV) prolonged the clotting time at both activated partial thrombo-plastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT). The Inhibition factor assay of instrinsic coagulation pathway in the blood showed that the anticoagulant polysaccharide (CF-30-IV-4-ii) inhibited other factors such as Ⅷ, Ⅸ, Ⅵ and Ⅷ of the coagulation cascade, which did not affect the lupus anticoagulant AB activity. In the thrombin inhibition pattern the CF-30-IV-4-ii did not directly influence the fibrine formation mediated by thrombin but af-fected the anticoagulant activity through the activation of antithrombin III. Base on these result, the anticoaglant polysaccharide (CF-30-IV-4-ii) was considered to inhibit serine pretense involved in the blood coagulation cascade through the enhancing antithrombin III activity. The residual effects of anticoagulant activity and antithrombosis were tested with ICR mice. The anticoagulant polysaccharide (CF-30-W) kept its anticoagulant activitv for 6 hrs with 100% survival at a dose of 150 mg/kg in the antithromboisis test. The anticoagulant effect of CF-30-RF in ex vivo was proportional to the concentration of intravenously injected dose up to 100 mg/kg.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.460-465
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• 1996

The production of bacterial protease and its characteristics were investigated with Bacillus subtilis globigii CCKS-118 which was isolated from Korean traditional soy sauce. The optimum culture condition of the strain for the production of alkaline protease was as follow : 2% soluble starch, 0.2% yeast extract, 0.1% $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, 0.2% $MgSO_4$, pH 7.5, $35^{\circ}C$ and 20h rs. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme action of alkaline protease producing Bacillus subtilis globigii CCKS-118 were pH 9.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was relatively stable at $pH\;6.0{\sim}9.0$ and at temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by $Hg^{2+}$ whereas $Cu^{2+}$ gave rather activating effects on the enzyme activity. The enzyme was inhibited by phenylmethane-sulfonyl fluoride indicating serine pretense metal ion group are required for the enzyme activity. Km value was $1.242{\times}10^{-4}M$, $V_{max}$ value was $25.99\;{\mu}g/min$. This enzyme hydrolyzed casein more rapidly than the hemoglobin.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.295-311
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• 2005

Starch gel electrophoretic studies using 24 populations of five Korean Orostachys species were conducted to investigate allozyme variation and to test hypotheses of systematic relationships among species. The resulting phenogram showed that the populations of five Korean Orostachys species were divided into two major groups. And they were concordant with molecular and morphological data in suggesting that Orostachys was divided into two groups corresponding to the subsect. Appendiculatae and subsect. Orostachys. The low genetic identities among Korean Orostachys species indicated that the species of Orostachys have diverged gradually through the model of geographical species. Comparing the previous genetic data from the species with similar life history and mode of reproduction, most of Korean Orostachys species revealed a significant low genetic variation, while the widespread O. japonicus showed a relatively high genetic variation among the Korean species. This kind of genetic variation pattern might be the results of the isolated habitats, limited numbers of individuals within the populations, destruction of habitats, inbreeding and asexual reproduction in Korean Orostachys populations. The Jungdongjin population (POP 21) of O. malocophyllus was genetically unrelated with remaining populations of the same species, and this interpretation was consistent to the results from the previous palynological and morphological studies. Our allozyme data supported the taxonomic treatment of recently proposed taxa, O. iwarenge (Makino) Hara for. magnus and O. margaritifolius.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

The periodontal ligament(PDL) is a unique tissue that is crucial for tooth function. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms controlling PDL function. PDL-specific protein;PDLs22 had been previously identified as a novel protein isolated from cultured human PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between human gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern and tissue localization of PDLs22 protein in embryonic and various postnatal stages of developing mouse using immunohistochemical staining. Embryos (E18) and postnatal (P1, P4, P5, P15, P18) were decapitated and the heads were fixed overnight in a freshly prepared solution of 4% paraformaldehyde. Some specimens were decalcified for $2{\sim}4$ weeks in a solution containing 10% of the disodium salt of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Next, tissues were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and sectioned serially at $6{\mu}m$ in thickness. Polyclonal antiserum raised against PDLs22 peptides, ISNKYLVKRQSRD, were made. The localization of PDLs22 in tissues was detected by polyclonal antibody against PDLs22 by means of immunohistochemical staining. The results were as follows; 1. Expression of PDLs22 protein was not detected in the tooth germ of bud and cap stage. 2. At the late bell stage and root formation stage, strong expression of PDLs22 protein was observed in developing tooth follicle, osteoblast-like cells, and subodontoblastic cells in the tooth pulp, but not in gingival fibroblasts, ameloblasts and odontoblasts of tooth germ 3. In erupted tooth, PDLs22 protein was intensely expressed in PDL and osteoblast-like cells of alveolar bone, but not in gingival fibroblasts, mature osteocytes and adjacent salivary glands. 4. In the developing alveolar bone and mid-palatal suture, expression of PDLs22 protein was seen in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and osteoblast-like cells of developing mid-palatal suture, but not in mature osteocytes and chondrocytes. These results suggest that PDLs22 protein may play an important role in the differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and PDL cells, which can differentiate into multiple cell types including osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and PDL fibroblasts. However, more researches should be performed to gain a better understanding of the exact function of PDLs22 protein which related to the PDL cell differentiation.