• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined training on the physical fitness of male short distance athletes. Methods: Combined training was applied with CLT and isokinetric training three times a week for eight weeks. For CLT, elastic bands were used in the sitting and standing positions to gradually increase sprint and skating movements. Isokinetic training was conducted at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $180^{\circ}/sec$ to improve muscle strength and muscle power. Results: After the application of combined training, strength (hand force) improved from 42.25 kg to 47.30 kg. Muscle power for standing long jump improved from 240.00 cm to 248.80 cm, while the sergeant jump improved from 55.00 cm to 58.00 cm. Isokinetic testing showed that muscle strength ($60^{\circ}/sec$) improved from 315.65 %BW to 365.79 %BW for the left extensor and from 306.60 %BW to 325.00 %BW for the right extensor. The left flexor improved from 177.23 %BW to 189.47 %BW, but the right flexor decreased slightly from 210.87 %BW to 201.53 %BW. Muscle power ($180^{\circ}/sec$) improved from 254.00 %BW to 293.00 %BW for the left extensor and from 256.00 %BW to 272.00 %BW for the right extensor. The left flexor improved from 150.00 %BW to 162.00 %BW and the right flexor from 145.25 %BW to 182.00 %BW. Conclusion: Combined training could be used as a physical training program for male short distance athletes.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2024

Background: Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is closely related to imbalance of the rotator cuff (RC) muscles. However, previous studies have only focused on isometric strength. To our knowledge, there has been no study examining potential differences in concentric and eccentric strength and functional strength ratio (FSR) of the RC muscles based on functional parameters related to throwing in with or without SD. Objects: This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in the RC muscle strength and FSR between the dominant shoulder with SD and the non-dominant shoulder without SD in adolescent baseball players. Methods: Forty adolescent baseball players participated and classified types of SD based on movement patterns using the SD test by two examiners. The isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torque of the internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) were measured and quantified as peak torque to body weight (PT/BW). Also, the FSR was obtained by calculating the strength ratios of eccentric IR to concentric ER (IRecc/ERcon) and eccentric ER to concentric IR (ERecc/IRcon), respectively. Results: There was a significant decrease in the IR and ER PT/BW in the dominant shoulder with SD compared to the non-dominant shoulder without SD (p < 0.05), regardless of contraction types. However, no significant difference was observed in the FSR in both IRecc/ERcon and ERecc/IRcon ratios. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the isokinetic concentric and eccentric PT/BW of the IR and ER muscles were significantly lower in the dominant shoulder with SD than in the nonthrowing shoulder without SD. Therefore, when establishing a strategy for addressing RC muscle weakness in adolescent baseball players with SD, it is essential to consider an approach that accounts for scapular kinematic recovery.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.463-471
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• 2019

본 연구는 무릎 근력의 불균형이 백 스쿼트 시 인체 움직임의 제한 요인으로 작용하는지를 확인하는 것에 목적이 있다. 백 스쿼트 유경험자로 최근 2년간 부상이 없는 서울시 소재 S대학교 학생 8명을 연구 대상자로 선정하였다. Cybex 770으로 무릎관절의 등속성 근력을 측정한 후, 동측 주작용근과 대항근의 근력 불균형 정도와 좌 우 같은 근 군의 결손율에 따라 그룹을 나눈 후, 개인별 몸무게의 25%, 50%, 100%, 125%의 중량과 같은 바벨을 백 스쿼트로 들게 하였다. 무릎 굽힘 각도, 신체중심의 수직 변위, V-COP의 측정 구간 내 평균 위치로부터 매 순간 V-COP 까지의 거리 합 변인들에 대한 집단별 차이를 검증하기 위해 독립표본 T 검정을 실시하였다. 125%BW 조건에서 무릎관절 근력의 동측 불균형은 쭈그려 앉는 자세의 제한 요인으로, 좌 우측 폄 근력의 불균형은 평형성 유지의 제한 요인으로 작용하였다. 근력의 불균형이 인체 움직임의 제한 요인으로 작용할 수 있음을 확인하였으므로, 차후 임상에서는 근력 불균형에 대한 검사법과 함께 교정 및 재활 운동 방법 또한 발전시켜 나갈 필요가 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of before and after application of silicone sleeve on balance and muscle strength in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction patients. Methods: 13 subjects who had one or more months after ACL surgery were involved. Dynamic balance, timed up and go (TUG), stair step, vertical jump, proprioception and isokinetic knee strength were measured while subjects under taped, untapped and silicone sleeve conditions. Results: For 30 seconds one-leg standing, there was a significant improvement under silicone sleeve on operated side with eyes open and both taping and silicone sleeve revealed similar effects with eyes closed (p<0.01). Application of silicone sleeve showed significant effects in proprioceptive function on the operated side compared to both taping and none (p<0.05). For stair step test, TUG and vertical jump was a tendency to improve after application of silicone sleeve, but no significant different. Muscle strength on operated side of quadriceps and hamstring was significantly improved compared with none or taping(p<0.05). Conclusion: Silicone sleeve application for ACL reconstruction patients was effective immediately on improving strength and balance. Therefore, depending on the intended use and the disease is considered appropriate use of silicone sleeve will be able to help prevention and functional movement.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

An active training system has been developed to assist the upper extremity function in patients with spasticity. We also evaluated the performance of the developed assistive system in five normal subjects and one hemiplegic patient. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) tests for biceps brachii and triceps brachii were performed and the relationship between linear enveloped EMG signal and the elbow joint torque was found. In order to implement an active training, our system was designed to allow isokinetic movement only when the subject generates elbow joint motion larger than the pre-fixed threshold level. The proposed EMG-feedback control method could provide active exercises, resulting in better rehabilitation protocol for spastic patients.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.670-677
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• 2011

This study is to estimate the joint torques without torque sensor using the EMG (Electromyogram) signal of agonist/antagonist muscle with Neural Network Back Propagation Algorithm during the elbow motion. Command Signal can be guessed by EMG signal. But it cannot calculate the joint torque. There are many kinds of field utilizing Back Propagation Learning Method. It is generally used as a virtual sensor estimated physical information in the system functioning through the sensor. In this study applied the algorithm to obtain the virtual senor values estimated joint torque. During various elbow movement (Biceps isometric contraction, Biceps/Triceps Concentric Contraction (isotonic), Biceps/Triceps Concentric Contraction/Eccentric Contraction (isokinetic)), exact joint torque was measured by KINCOM equipment. It is input to the (BP)algorithm with EMG signal simultaneously and have trained in a variety of situations. As a result, Only using the EMG sensor, this study distinguished a variety of elbow motion and verified a virtual torque value which is approximately(about 90%) the same as joint torque measured by KINCOM equipment.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2008

Purpose : Today, it enjoys a sports and a leisure where the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury patient increase. The knee joint is important means of human body movement and to do an important duty when it encounters ACL injuries of the knee joint and the many restriction follows in the life which is ordinary. When it is damaged ACL, it comes to determinate that ACL reconstruction and preservation treatment that the according to condition of ligament and knee joint. After ACL reconstruction, that is the fact which already becomes known the exercise treatment advances a recovery and to reduce a sequela. Methods : we researched the method of exercise treatment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction operation by journal of science direct and KISS in daecu university. Results : The representative exercise treatment is isometric exercise, isokinetic exercise isotonic exercise and complex exercise but what kind of exercise treatment most is effective, it revealed and support it was not. The method of exercise treatment is very various, so It causes a confusion made to the therapist and patients. So it executes once again it sought the kinetic therapeutic method which is efficient from this research and it tried to observe preceding research after ACL reconstruction. To operation a various the exercise treatments, operation only the treatment which is general compared to it was effective in muscular power and muscle functional improvement. But this like improve despite with the exercise treatment consequence which is continuous from research of most the pain leg compares to the health leg, it appeared the discrepancy which is a muscular power, a muscular endurance and a hypertrophy muscle etc, to the health leg or before operating 100% of muscular power to having gets the many therapy time was the recovery rate. Conclusion : Therefore after ACL reconstruction, it will become the many research continuously which is improve the muscle functional and ROM of the exercise treatment method and From therapeutic site of the patients it does to memorizes knowledge in advance about ACL injuries and the application the isokinetic treatment or exercise program are the set of necessary, frequency and amusement that considers complex what kind of therapeutic exercise becomes accomplished with the patient take care of attention.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of landing height and knee joint muscle fatigue on the movement of the lower extremity during cutting after landing. Method : Subjects included 29 adults (age: $20.83{\pm}1.56years$, height: $172.42{\pm}9.51cm$, weight: $65.07{\pm}10.18kg$). The subjects were asked to stand on their dominant lower limb on jump stands that were 30 and 40 cm in height and jump from each stand to land with the dominant lower limb on a force plate making a side step cutting move at a $45^{\circ}$ angle with the non-dominant lower limb. The fatigue level at 30% of the knee extension peak torque using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results : The results showed that the difference of landing height increased maximum range of motion and angular velocity of hip, knee, and ankle joints in the sagittal plane, and in the angular velocity of motion of the hip joint in the sagittal plane. The maximum range of motion of the knee joint in the sagittal plane and the frontal plane decreased on landing from both heights after the fatigue exercise. The angular velocity of the hip joint in the sagittal plane, and the maximum range of motion of the hip joint in the transverse plane decreased for both landing heights after the fatigue exercise. The angular velocity of the hip joint in the frontal plane decreased for the 30 cm landing height after the fatigue exercise. On the other hand, the angular velocity and maximum range of motion of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane for both landing heights, and the angular velocity and maximum range of motion of the ankle joint in the frontal plane increased on landing from the 40 cm height after the fatigue exercise. Conclusion : Different landing heights of 30 and 40 cm and 30% fatigue of peak torque of knee extensor found a forefoot and stiff landing strategy, when cutting after landing. These results might be due to decline in the shock absorption capability of the knee joint and the movement capability related to cutting while increasing the contribution of the ankle joint, which may cause increased ankle joint injuries.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of movement training based on motor control theory on pain and average power of muscles in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome and to develop more effective training methods. Methods: We studied 35 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group according to the intervention. The therapeutic modalities such as superficial heat, deep heat, and electronic stimulus, and motor control training with strengthening exercises were applied to the experimental group and therapeutic modalities only were applied to the control group. All interventions were done 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Before the intervention and again after the 4 weeks, we measured pain utilizing a visual analog scale. We measured average power using isokinetic equipment. Results: After application of the intervention, pain significantly decreased in both the experimental group and the control group. There was a significant difference between the extent of the decrease between experimental and control groups. After the intervention, the average power between the two groups were significant at an angle of $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec for external rotator and internal rotator muscles. They also showed significant improvement in all variables post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. Conclusion: This study indicates that there is an effect in giving appropriate motor control training to patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. It is assumed that there will be a need for more surveys on various variables for motor control training from now on.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study is to provide basic information to create an efficient training program to improve shoulder stability and function in patients with injuries and in patients having undergone surgery of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, which have a relatively high incidence of injury in shoulder joint disease. Further, independent activities of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles were investigated according to forearm rotation and the neutral and lateral rotation postures. Methods: The activities of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles were measured using surface electromyography in 22 healthy adults in Busan, and isokinetic muscle strength measurement equipment was used to measure muscle strength during shoulder lateral rotation. The subjects performed lateral rotation of the shoulder in three different forearm postures (neutral, supine, prone) to measure shoulder muscle activity and lateral rotation strength. Results: The independent activity ratio (% Isolation) of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles during lateral rotation of the shoulder joint demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.05) according to the change in forearm posture. Conclusion: The supraspinatus muscle showed independent activity ranging from highest to lowest in the order of pronation, neutral, and supination of the forearm, while the independent activity of the infraspinatus muscle ranged from highest to lowest in the order of neutral, supination, and pronation of the forearm. Therefore, the most active forearm positions for the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles are pronation and neutral, respectively.