• 제목/요약/키워드: Isodielectric solvents

검색결과 5건 처리시간 0.019초

혼합용매에서의 용매화 (제 7 보). 등유전상수 용매에서 t-Butyl Halide 의 가용매분해반응 (Solvation in Mixed Solvents (VII). Solvolysis of t-Butyl Halide in Isodielectric Solvents)

  • 이익춘;이해황;엄태섭;성대동;류준하
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.85-93
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    • 1988
  • 등유전상수 용매로 취급되는 MeOH-nitromethane, MeOH-nitrobenzene 및 MeOH-ethylene glycol 혼합용매 하에서 t-butyl halides (X = Cl, Br, I)의 가용매 분해반응을 연구 하였다. MeOH-NM 및 MeOH-NB에서 t-butyl halide의 가메탄올 분해반응 속도는 40~100 % (v/v) MeOH 조성에서 최대치를 보였다. 최대속도 현상은 용매의 극성-편극성과 수소결합 주게능력의 협력적인 결과로 설명하였다. Y값의 변화로 부터 극성-편극성과 수소 결합 주게능력의 협력적인 결과로 설명하였다. Y값의 변화로 부터 극성-편극성과 수소결합 주게능력이 기질의 반응성에 미치는 효과를 논의 하였다. E.G.에서 기질의 반응성은 MeOH에 비해 20배 이상 빠름을 보였으며 이는 아마도 E.G.의 특이한 용매구조에 기인 한다고 여겨 진다.

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Single Electron Transfer (SET) Pathway: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan with Anilines in MeOH-MeCN Mixtures

  • Choi, Ho-June;Yang, Ki-Yull;Lee, Sang-Gyeong;Lee, Jong-Pal;Koo, In-Sun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제31권10호
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    • pp.2801-2805
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    • 2010
  • A nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBF-Cl) with anilines in MeOH-MeCN mixtures was conducted at 25, 35, and $45^{\circ}C$. Based on the higher $\beta_{nuc}$ values (1.0 - 1.6) of the reaction and a good correlation of the rate constants with the reduction potentials of the aniline nucleophiles, the present reaction was initiated by a single electron transfer (SET). After this step, the reaction proceeds through a transition state similar to the normal $S_NAr$-Ad.E pathway.

이성분 혼합용매의 구조에 대한 열역학적 연구(제1보). 알코올-Cosolvent 혼합물의 분몰랄엔탈피 (Thermodynamic Studies on the Structure of Binary Mixed Solvents(Ⅰ). Partial Molal Enthalpies of Alcohol-Cosolvent Mixtures)

  • 나상무;박영동
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.63-68
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    • 1997
  • 등유전성 용매내에서 분자간 상호작용과 액체구조에 대한 정보를 얻기 위하여 양성자성 용매(protic solvent)인 ROH(R=Me, Et)와 양극성 비양성자성 용매(dipolar aprotic solvent)인 MeCN,$Me_2CO,\;MeNO_2(or EtNO_2)$간의 이성분 혼합물에서 각 성분의 분몰 용해엔탈피를 열량계법으로 측정하고 이를 이용하여 mixing과정에 대한 잉여엔탈피를 결정하였다. 이로부터 두 성분간의 수소결합 세기는$ROH-ROH>ROH-Me_2CO>ROH-MeCN>ROH-MeNO_2(or EtNO_2)$순으로 감소하며, ROH의 수소결합주게 산도(hydrogen bond donor acidity)는 MeOH>EtOH의 순으로 감소하며 이로부터 이성분 액체혼합물이 형성될 때의 에너지론(energetics)에 미치는 가장 강한 상호작용이 특별한 수소결합에 기인됨을 알 수 있었다.

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Kinetics and Mechanism of Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 4-Substituted-2,6-dinitrochlorobenzene with Benzylamines in MeOH-MeCN Mixtures

  • Kim, Young-Sun;Choi, Ho-June;Yang, Ki-Yull;Park, Jong-Keun;Koo, In-Sun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제31권11호
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    • pp.3279-3282
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    • 2010
  • The reaction rates of 4-X-2,6-dinitrochlorobenzenes (X = $NO_2$, CN, $CF_3$) with Y-substituted benzylamines (Y = p-$OCH_3$, p-$CH_3$, H, p-Cl) in MeOH-MeCN mixtures were measured by conductometry at $25^{\circ}C$. It was observed that the rate constant increased in the order of X = $NO_2$ > CN > $CF_3$ and in the order of Y = p-$OCH_3$ > p-$CH_3$ > H > p-Cl. When the solvent composition was varied, the rate constant increased in the order of 100% MeOH < 50% (v/v) MeOH-MeCN < 100% MeCN. These results may be ascribed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the alcoholic hydrogen and nitrogen of benzylamines in groud state (GS). We conclude that the reaction takes place via $S_NAr$ base on the transition state parameters ${\rho}x$, ${\rho}Y$, $\beta_{nuc}$, and solvent effects.

Kinetic Studies on the Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 4-X-Substituted-2,6-dinitrochlorobenzene with Pyridines in MeOH-MeCN Mixtures

  • Sung, Ryun-Youn;Choi, Ho-june;Lee, Jong-Pal;Park, Jong-Keun;Yang, Ki-Yull;Koo, In-Sun
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제30권7호
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    • pp.1579-1582
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    • 2009
  • The reaction rates of 4-X-2,6-dinitrochlorobenzenes (X = $NO_2,\;CN,\;CF_3$) with Y-substituted pyridines (Y = 3-$OCH_3,\;H,\;3-CH_3,\;4-CH_3$) in methanol-acetonitrile mixtures were measured by conductometry at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$. It was observed that the rate constant increased in the order of X = 4-$NO_2\;>\;4-CN\;>\;4-CF_3$ and the rate constant also increased in the order of Y = 4-$CH_3\;>\;3-CH_3\;>\;H\;>\;3-OCH_3$. When the solvent composition was varied, the rate constant increased in order of MeCN > 50% MeOH > MeOH. The electrophilic catalysis by methanol may be ascribed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between alcoholic hydrogen and nitrogen of pyridines in ground state. Based on the transition parameters, ${\rho}_S,\;{\rho}_N,\;{\beta}_Y,\;{\rho}_{XY}$ and solvent effects, the reaction seems to proceed via $S_N$Ar-Ad.E mechanism. We also estimated the isokinetic solvent mixtures (${\rho}_{XY}$ = 0) based on cross-interaction constants, where the substituent effects of the substrate and nucleophile are compensated.