• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.146-150
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• 2023

In areas where water is scarce, water management is critical. This has an impact on agriculture, as a significant amount of water is used for that purpose. Electronic measurement equipment are essential for regulating and storing soil data. As a result, research has been conducted to manage water usage in the irrigation process. Many equipment for managing soil fertility systems are extremely expensive, making this type of system unaffordable for small farmers. These soil fertility control systems are simple to implement because to recent improvements in IoT technology. The goal of this project is to develop a new methodology for smart irrigation systems. The parameters required to maintain water amount and quality, soil properties, and weather conditions are determined by this IoT-based Smart irrigation System. The system also assists in sending warning signals to the consumer when an error occurs in determining the percentage of moisture in the soil specified for the crop, as well as an alert message when the fertility of the soil changes, since many workers, particularly in big projects, find it extremely difficult to check the soil on a daily basis and operate agricultural devices such as sprinkler and soil fertilizing devices.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.400-404
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• 2014

Purpose: Concerns over the quantity of available freshwater for agriculture have triggered the development of technologies intended to increase efficiency of water use, especially with regard to irrigation. A new technique called fertirrigation has been developed to use the same irrigation equipment for fertilization. Methods: Since the above-mentioned technique requires care during installation and use on farms, current analysis focuses on some of its characteristics. Results: High uniformity irrigation systems provide the best distribution of fertilizers, especially when used in combination with drip irrigation or micro-aspersion. The factors purity, compatibility, acidification, salinity, and solubility should be taken into account. Conclusions: Fertirrigation provides a significant increase in productivity as it allows for highly controlled nutrient application during the entire growing season. However, it may cause serious problems if misused or overused.

• KCID journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2001

The Guelph Permeameter (Soil Moisture Equipment Co., 1986) is an in-hole constanthead permeameter, employing the Mariotte Principle. The Guelph Permeameter has been proved to be a useful and versatile instrument for determining the in situ hydraulic prope

• KCID journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

Information of local solar radiation is essential for many field, including water resources management, crop yield estimation, crop growth model, solar energy systems and irrigation and drainage design. Unfortunately, solar radiation measurements are not easily available due to the cost and maintenance and calibration requirements of the measuring equipment and station. Therefore, it is important to elaborate methods to estimate the solar radiation based on readily available meteorological data. In this study, two empirical equations are employed to estimate daily solar radiation using Cheongju Regional Meteorological Office data. Two scenarios are considered: (a) sunshine duration data are available for a given location, or (b) only daily cloudiness index records exist. Simple linear regression with daily sunshine duration and cloudiness index as the dependent variable accounted for 91% and 80%, respectively of the variation of solar radiation(H) at 2011. Daily global solar radiation is highly correlated with sunshine duration. In order to indicate the performance of the models, the statistical test methods of the mean bias error(MBE), root mean square error(RMSE) and correlation coefficient(r) are used. Sunshine duration and cloudiness index can be easily and reliably measured and data are widely available.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to propose an experimental method to evaluate the resistance of abrasion about 24 MPa, 27 MPa, and 30 MPa compressive strength. These strength are used in the design and construction of concrete hydraulic structures in Korea. The mixing ratios of the ready mixed concrete strengths were investigated countrywide and set the representative mixture proportion ratios of the nine mixed types of OPC, FA and BFS. After making and curing the test specimens, the underwater abrasion test was performed. ASTM C 1138 International Standard was used to fabricate the test equipment, and the surface abrasion resistance of the specimen was tested using the test equipment. In the case of OPC, the 30% abrasion resistance improvement effect was observed at 72 hours as the water-binder ratio decreased. That was reason the coated cement bond strength of the specimen was strong. In the case of BFS and FA, it was improved by 9.9% and 3.8%, respectively, at 72 hours as the water-binder ratio decreased. It was due to the characteristics of the latent hydraulic and pozzolanic reactions. Generally, the relative abrasion resistance of concrete can be evaluated at 24 hours. However, in case of low strength (under 24 MPa), the surface mortar layer wears much faster at the first 12 hours, so it can be considered to evaluate the relative abrasion loss rate at this point.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.251-257
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• 2013

Discharge data examine the process of hydrologic cycle and used significantly in water resource planning and irrigation and flood control planning. It makes high quality discharge data, they carry out research on standard and method of discharge measurement, and equipment improvement. Now various flow meters are utilized to make discharge data in Korea. However, accuracy of equipment and exprerimental research data from measurement are not enough. ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) have been introduced and utilized for flow measurements since the end of 1980's. ADCP flow method is a formal method for flow measurement can easily applyd to relatively large rivers gradually recognized. This equipment can measure the non-contact three-dimensional velocity and water depth data very quickly and efficiently. Also, spatial and temporal resolution of the data is more accurate than any other flow measurement methods which measure flow rate by velocity - area measurement method. In this paper, the velocity is measured using various flow meter and verified the effectiveness by applying from the ADCP in Geum-river. Various flow meters which are med for discharge measurements are VALEPORT002, FLOW TRACKER, PRICE AA and ADCP. The average of five times flow measurement result by ADCP was $10.412m^3/s$, with a standard deviation of 0.68. The repeat test by ADCP and comparison between ADCP and other flow devices to verify the most import factor, flow measurement accuracy. In the result, repeat test of the ADCP showed similar values, flow values were similar to other velocity device results and the average error is 7.7%.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 1999

The one of basic functional conditions of suspended overhead sprayer, which is openly made use of irrigating on bedding plants in greenhouse, is to be kept the growing uniformity of bedding plants by making uniformly the spraying irrigation depending on the distribution of sprayed water. This study was performed to find out the optimum position of sector formed injection nozzle which is placed from the top of plant 0 the tip of the nozzle to keep spraying uniformity. The test of spraying distribution using a overhead sprayer, which was installed in a row of sector formed injection nozzles, was performed The measuring factor to represent spraying distribution was the water weight filled in each cup when the overhead sprayer was moving across the upside of the cups which were placed directly under the nozzles on keeping the distance from nozzle tip. The test results were as following , The standard mr of weights of each cup filled with spraying water was lower values at Position far from more than 60cm under nozzle tip. The driving speed variation of sprayer was not effected on spraying uniformity but the spraying water weight was inversely proportioned to the speed. To make best spraying uniformity, it was represented that the tip of the nozzle is positioned to keep the distance which the top of plants is placed at the second cross point of each injection sector of nozzles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.134-158
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• 1998

The objectives of this article are to identify the current status of agricultural infrastructure in North Korea and to suggest some cooperation measures among South and North Koreas and international agencies in order to develop the North Korea's agricultural infrastructure. The area of cultivated land in North Korea is 1,992 thousand ha (paddy field: 585 thousand ha: upland: 1,407 thousand ha) in 1997. Major water use facilities in North Korea are 1,900 reservoirs (included 100 big dams), 36,400 irrigation pumping stations, 1,600 drainage pumping stations, and 14'a,000 wells. In addition, there is 'two thousand Ri canal construction project' linking the rivers of Aprok, Daeryong, Daedong, Jaeryong, and Yesong. The unit of paddy land consolidation is about 1 ha which is regarded as rational for agricultural mechanization. The project of 'Darak' upland construction to create small size farmland, which has been carried out since 1976 has been unsuccessful due to the shortage of construction equipment. The area of farmland created by reclamation by 1995 is only 75 thousand ha although the potential project area is at)out 320 thousand ha along the western coast. It is due to the fact that civil engineering technologies and equipments are old and investment funds are insufficient. These are a few suggested areas of cooperation among South and North Korea and international agencies in order to improve North Korea's agricultural infrastructure : i) see land reclamation and land consolidation projects to increase paddy fields for rice production; ii) rehabilitation project in farm land areas devastated by flood; and iii) agricultural water development project which including diagnosing and rehabilitating irrigation and drainage facilities.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.547-554
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to identify the relationship between bovine brucellosis prevalence, farmers' knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and social factors on migratory draft cattle and smallholder dairy farms in the central dry zone of Myanmar. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 migratory and 38 dairy cattle farms between August 2020 and February 2021. A structured questionnaire was used to identify farmers' behaviors. Bulk milk was sampled and tested using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). STATA 17 was used for all the analyses. Results: Migratory cattle farms had a higher farm level brucellosis prevalence (14.8%) than dairy farms (2.6%; χ² = 3.75; df = 1; p = 0.05). Only 2.8% of the farmers had knowledge about brucellosis, while 39.1% and 41.6% had attitudes and farm practices with respect to brucellosis, respectively in the study area. Socio-economic attribute of training in animal husbandry (p<0.01), raising system (p<0.01), practice of separating the aborted cow (p<0.01) were negatively associated to brucellosis. The overall farm level brucellosis prevalence was strongly associated with cattle herd size (p = 0.01), free movement grazing practices (p<0.01), practice of self-removal of placental debris without using personal protective equipment (p<0.01) and farmers' attitudes towards eating cow placenta debris (p<0.01). Conclusion: Farmers had little knowledge of brucellosis. Attitudes and practices differed significantly between migratory and dairy farmers. Training and extension programs are necessary to make farmers aware of their KAP situation since livestock migration and the custom of eating cow placental debris contribute to the spread of brucellosis. Persistent efforts are required to reduce the adverse effects of brucellosis. Therefore, the study suggests that a feasible control intervention and public awareness campaigns need to be conducted regarding methods of preventing human exposure to brucellosis.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 2005

The study deals with surface erosion patterns due to the development of cropland toward hillslope and hilltop in the Oncheon-gun, pyeongbuk province and Nampo city of west coast area in the North Korea, using Quick Bird satellite images with 60cm resolution. In North Korea, for national economic difficult after 1980 year, newly developed croplands have been along the gentle hillslope, in which it is possible for individual man power different from the tideland which needs large scaled man-power and equipment. The new croplands are named Darakbat(terraced farm with embankment) and Bitalbat(titled farm developed on the original hill slope), neighboring with orchard and grouped settlement in lower valley. For supplying agricultural water, irrigation ditches and temporal crop storages have been constructed, connecting Darakbat, Bitalbat and orchard. These cropland developments have caused surface erosion composed of 3 types such as pit, linear and headward erosion, together with rill and gully. Owing to poor management of cropland and irrigation system, topsoil erosion and, collapse and sedimentation of ditch and pool, caused the decrease of agricultural productivity. These analysis using Quick Bird images can suggest original raw data about geographical facts on North Korea agriculture and help to recover their agricultural system and plan future national unified land.