• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

Artificial ground greening, which is considered as a way for the greening of cities, should be constructed easily and maintained continuously. Thus it is necessary to use light soils for keeping in flexible formation and light load. And the garden should be managed optimally taking account for the characteristics of the soil and plant. But in most landscape green area, they are not under management. Mostly they are occasionally irrigated without nutrient by hand-operating. So this study was conducted to investigate plant growth by management methods and soil depth(15cm, 30cm). As a results of the different methods of management had effect on the plant growth and on the rate of flowering. When Hosta longipes were grown in different three management methods, control(rainfall), periodical irrigation, and nutri-irrigation(fertigation), the content of chlorophyll, the plant growth and the rate of flowering were higher in nutri-irrigation (fertigation) treatment than those in control(rainfall) and periodic irrigation. And nutrient contents of leaf are also higher. Between 15cm and 30cm soil depth, the plant growth of 15cm soil depth is better than that of 30 soil depth. According to these results on artificial ground greening, determination of optimal soil depth by plant species is required, And a specialist for nutrient management is demanded.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 1998

PUR 배지와 펄라이트 배지를 이용하여 방울토마토를 재배할 경우 적산일사량에 따른 관수가 과실의 당도에 미치는 효과에 대해서 연구하였다. PUR 배지경의 경우 관수량이 많을수록 당도가 낮은 경향을 보였으며 상위화방으로 갈수록 차이가 크게 나타났다 배액량을 25%로 했을 때 펄라이트 배지에 비해 PUR 배지에서 당도가 높게 나타났으며 생육이 진행됨에 따라서 그 차이가 커졌다. 과실의 붉은 정도를 나타내는 a＊값은 PUR 배지간에는 관수량에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 펄라이트 배지와는 상당한 차이를 보여 3, 4, 5화방에서는 뚜렷하게 PUR이 높은 값을 나타내었다. 과중은 펄라이트 재배에서 높았으며 PUR 배지경에서는 배액량을 25%로 하는 것이 고당도 과실을 다수확 할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.581-591
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• 2011

김승호 등(2011)에 의해 제안된 둠벙의 유형이 화학적 수환경 특성과 습지식물의 서식 유무를 반영하는지 확인하기 위하여 4가지 유형을 대표하는 CCZ 내 8개의 둠벙에서 습지식물상과 물의 화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 연구결과 샘통형 둠벙에서는 양이온과 음이온의 농도가 모두 낮았으며, 다른 유형의 둠벙에서는 양이온 또는 음이온의 농도가 높았다. 특히 물흐름형 둠벙인 경의선 둠벙에서는 양이온과 음이온이 모두 높게 나타나 지표수가 주로 유입됨을 보여주었다. 대체적으로 물의 화학적 특성과 습지식물상은 둠벙의 유형 분류에 따라 나누어짐을 보였다. 그러나 CCA와 cluster analysis 모두에서 물흐름형 둠벙은 서로 연관성이 없게 나타났다. 이는 둠벙의 분류 시 논과의 물교환보다 급수원이 더 중요함을 의미한다. 그러므로 이를 반영하는 새로운 둠벙 분류체계가 고려되어야 함을 제안한다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

저온기 시설참외 재배시에 적정 토양수분 관리방법을 확립하고자 플라스틱 하우스내에서 착과 10일전부터 수확 1주일 전까지 관수개시점을 10, 20, 30, 50 kPa로 각각 달리하여 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 전체 관수량은 관수개시점 10kPa구에서는 92.5mm 관수한 반면에 50kPa 관수구는 관수개시점에 도달되지 않아 관수하지 않았다. 참외의 발육에 있어서는 수분이 많을수록 과실비대가 잘 되어 과중은 관수개시점이 50kPa인 구에서 324g인데 비해 10kPa구에서는 456g으로 컸으며, 반면에 수분이 많을수록 발효과의 발생이 많아 상품수량은 오히려 관수개시점 10kPa에서 가장 적었다. 과실의 당도는 30kPa구와 50kPa구에서 가장 높았으며 10kPa구가 가장 낮았다. 결과적으로 당도와 상품수량성 면에서, 토양수분장력이 30kPa 도달시에 관수하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 판단되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2005

고품질 분화생산을 위한 저면관수 시스템인 C-형강 매트재배 시 수용성 비료와 완효성 비료의 농도에 따른 카네이션의 생육을 연구하기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 수용성 비료를 $0.8{\~}1.0\;g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리한 T08 처리구에서 생체중, 건물중, 엽수, 엽면적, 초장, 분지수의 생육량에서 가장 양호하였다. 생체중, 건물중, 및 초장의 증가에 있어서 증가량에서의 차이는 있었지만 생육 60일을 전후로 비료의 종류에 관계없이 증가량이 늘어났다. 특히 총 엽면적은 경우 생육 90일을 전후로 증가가 완만해지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이 결과를 통하여 C-형강 매트 재배시스템에서 분화용 카네이션을 재배할 경우 수용성 비료를 공급하는 것이 완효성 비료를 공급하는 것보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났고, 수용성 비료의 농도는 $0.8{\~}1.0\;g{\cdot}L^{-1}$이 카네이션의 재배에 적정한 농도로 판명 되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2013

The objectives of this study were to monitor and assess the environmental impacts of indirect wastewater reuse on water quality and soil in paddy fields. Yongin monitoring site (YI) irrigated from agricultural reservoir and Osan monitoring site (OS) irrigated with treated wastewater diluted with stream water were selected as control and treatment, respectively. Monitoring results for irrigation water quality showed a significant statistical difference in salinity, exchangeable cation and nutrients. Pond water quality showed a similar tendency with irrigation water except for the decreased difference in nutrients due to the fertilization impact. Soil chemical properties mainly influenced by fertilization activity such as T-N, T-P, and $P_2O_5$ were changed similarly in soil profiles of both monitoring sites, while the properties, EC, Ca, Mg, and Na, mainly effected by irrigation water quality showed a considerable change with time and soil depth in treatment plots. Heavy metal contents in paddy soil of both control and treatment did not exceed the soil contamination warning standards. This study could contribute to suggest the irrigation water quality standards and proper agricultural practices including fertilization for indirect wastewater reuse, although long-term monitoring is needed to get more scientific results.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.2471-2478
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• 1971

Go Cong Water Control Project was conducted on its preliminary survey and design by Agricultural development Corporation for the Korean Government, an Executing Agency, and Directorate of Irrigation and Rural Engineering of the Ministry of Land Reform, Agriculture and Fishery Development for the Vietnamese Government, a cooperation Agency, under Korean and Vietnamese Economic and Technical Cooperation Program. The main purposes of the project are aimed at the improvements of irrigation and drainage, and salt water prevention of the Go Cong area located at northern part of the Mekong Delta. All the works from field survey through design to preparing reports were carried out by ADC alone and recently Korean Government submitted the relevant reports to vietnamese Government through official channel. The contents of the project are summarized as following: 1. The project comprises irrigation, drainage and salt water prevention facilities on the benefited area of about 55,000 hectares, covering Go Cong and Dinh Tuong(My Tho) Provinces and it will be possible to cultivate rice cropping twice a year, irrigating all the area in the dry season; 2. With completion of this project, annual production of rough rice and vegetables are anticipated to increase by 222,600 .T. and 142,600 M.T. respectively and the internal rateof return stants at 26 per cent, applying for the exchange rate of US $ 1 to VN $ 275. 3. Total investments required for the project are estimated at US $ 56,394,000 of which actual construction cost is estimated at US $ 39,183,000. The project has planned to be d to be developed by four stages, taking bout 7 years. 4. The project needs for three places of pumping plants. 57Km of feed and main irrigation canals, 81Km of drainage channels, 97Km of dike, 23 places of sluices and navigation locks, etc.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.11.1-11.11
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare smear layer removal by conventional application (CA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EasyClean (EC), and XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), using 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) after chemomechanical preparation, as evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: Forty-five single-rooted human mandibular premolars were selected for this study. After chemomechanical preparation, the teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the protocol for smear layer removal, as follows: G1 (control): CA of distilled water; G2 (CA): CA of 17% EDTA; G3 (PUI): 17% EDTA activated by PUI; G4 (EC): 17% EDTA activated by EC; and G5 (XPF): 17% EDTA activated by XPF. SEM images (×1,000) were obtained from each root third and scored by 3 examiners. Data were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). Results: In the apical third, there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05). In the cervical and middle thirds, the experimental groups performed better than the control group (p < 0.05); however, G2 presented better results than G3, G4, and G5 (p < 0.05), which showed no differences among one another (p > 0.05). Conclusions: No irrigation method was able to completely remove the smear layer, especially in the apical third. Using CA for the chelating solution performed better than any form of activation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2009

Sericulturists in the vicinity of Bangalore city irrigate their mulberry gardens with Vrishabhavathy stream water, which is polluted with domestic and industrial wastes from the city. To investigate the effect of pollutants on silkworm crops, a detailed field survey was conducted to study the cocoon yield pattern of the crops raised on mulberry irrigated with wastewater as against irrigation by bore/open wells. The villages along the stream were grouped into five test batches at about a distance of $5{\sim}8$ km from each other. The seasonal yield data with relevant information were collected through questionnaires from 117 rearers using stream water and 35 rearers using bore/open wells, the latter serving as control group. The average yield for 100 layings was 46 to 57 kg in the control group whereas in test groups, it ranged between 34 to 51 kg in the first test group and 22 to 38 kg in the rest. The difference in yield was $9{\sim}19$ kg depending on the season between control and test batches. In summer, this difference was higher, with high co-efficient of variation in test groups ($33{\sim}52$%). Further, water, soil and leaf samples were collected from selected rearers and were analyzed for zinc, copper, iron, lead and nickel. Results indicated significantly higher contents of these metals in samples from gardens using wastewater when compared control samples. Significantly (p<0.05 & p<0.01)) higher levels of zinc ($24{\sim}122$ ppm) and iron ($208{\sim}683$ ppm) were noticed in mulberry leaves during summer followed by winter and rainy season. The significance of high content of heavy metals in mulberry leaves and cocoon yield pattern of this area in relation to the quality of irrigation water is discussed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of metronidazole 25% dental gel that was applied to periodontal pockets who have moderate to advanced chronic adult periodontitis were selected for this study. The quadrants that had 2 or 3teeth with 5-8mm probing pocket depth were selected and divided into test side and control side according to the split-mouth design. The metronidazole 25% dental gel applied on test side and 0.12% chlorhexidine solution applicated on positive control side, normal saline irrigation into periodontal pocket was applicated to negative control side respectively. Above procedures followed scaling and root planing at baseline(0week). The subgingival sterile saline irrigation and chlorhexidine irrigation were done for about 30 seconds respectively. The metronidazole 25% dental gel was applied to periodontal pocket at 0,1 week in the test side. The clinical and microbiological analysis carried out at baseline(0week) and 4,8 weeks. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth were significantly reduced in the test group. The relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were significantly reduced to negative control group and the proportion of cocci was correspondingly increased in the test group. 2. The sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth were significantly reduced in metronidazole group. and, there was a significant differences between 2 groups. Also, the relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods were reduced in both group. And, there was a significant differences between 2 groups. In conclusion, application of metronidazole 25% dental gel as an adjunct to mechanical debridement of root surfaces may improved the clinical and microbiological status of periodontal disease sites.