• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2002

The effect of reclaimed water irrigation on paddy rice culture was evaluated by pilot study at the experimental field of Konkuk University in Seoul, Korea. The sewage was treated by constructed wetland system, and its effluent was used as irrigation water for four treatments and one control plots with three replications. Irrigation of reclaimed water onto paddy rice cultures did not adversely affect the growth and yield of rice. Instead, experimental rice plots of reclaimed water irrigation displayed about 10 to 50% more yield on average than controls. This implies that reclaimed water irrigation might be beneficial rather than harmful to rice culture as long as the sewage is treated adequately and used properly. The amount of irrigation water had little effect on experimental rice cultures, but its strength was important. The strength of treated sewage was not a limiting factor in this study, and no lodging was observed even with a relatively high nitrogen concentration (up to 160mg/L). In general the paddy soil was not affected by reclaimed water irrigation. However, there was an indication that continuous irrigation with high strength of reclaimed water might cause salt accumulation in the soil. Supplemental use of reclaimed water with existing sources of irrigation water is recommended rather than irrigation with a single source of reclaimed water. Overall, the results demonstrated that reclaimed water could be reused as a supplemental source of irrigation water for paddy rice culture without causing adverse effects as long as it is properly managed. For full-scale application, further investigation should be done on environmental risks, tolerable water quality, and fraction of supplemental irrigation.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

With the implementation of integrated water management policies, the need for information sharing with respect to agricultural water use has increased, necessitating the quantification of irrigation water supply using monitoring data. This study aims to estimate the irrigation water supply amount based on the relationship between the water level and irrigation canal discharge, and evaluate the reliability of monitoring data for irrigation water supply in terms of hydrology. We conducted a flow survey in a canal and reviewed the applicability of the rating curve based on the exponential and parabolic curves. We evaluated the reliability of the monitoring data using a reservoir water balance analysis and compared the calculated results of the supply quantity in terms of the reservoir water reduction rate. We secured 26 readings of measurement data by varying the water levels within 80% of the canal height through water level control. The exponential rating curve in the irrigation canal was found to be more suitable than the parabolic curve. The irrigation water supplied was less than 9.3-28% of the net irrigation water from 2017 to 2019. Analysis of the reservoir water balance by applying the irrigation water monitoring data revealed that the estimation of the irrigation water supply was reliable. The results of this study are expected to be used in establishing an evaluation process for quantifying the irrigation water supply by using measurement information from irrigation canals in agricultural reservoirs.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2012

1. 우리나라 9개도의 각 도별 중앙에 위치한 1개 지역을 대상으로 한 총 9개 지역의 최근 30년간의 기상자료 분석에 의한 고추 재배 기간인 5월~10월의 일평균 PET는 $2.69mm\;day^{-1}$ 이었다. 2. 노지재배 고추의 우리나라 9개 지역을 대상으로 한 기존의 물관리 지침서 및 물 절약형 물관리 지침서를 이용하여 산정한 고추의 재배 기간중 총 평균 관개량은 각각 594.1 mm, 286.7 mm 이었다. 3. 물절약형 관개 기준에 따른 토성별 물 절약량은 사양토 309.4 mm, 양토 303.3 mm, 미사질양토 309.5 mm 이었으며, 평균 307.4 mm 이었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.82-91
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• 1989

This study was carried out to get the basic information of irrigation plans for the red pepper, such as optimum irrigation level and irrigation requirement in Taegu and Kyungpook province. In this study, red peppers were cultivated in 6 PVC pot lysimeters filled with 60cm deep clay loam soil. Four tensiometers were installed in each plot to measure the soil water pressure head. Field measurements were made during the period June 6 to October 31, 1988 at the experimental farm of Kvungpook National University. Six levels of irrigation were used. They were PF 1.8-2.0, PF 2.2-2.4, PF 2.8-3.0, FC-PF.1.7, FC-PF 2.2, and FC-PF 2.7. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows : 1. In case of irrigation levels of narrow ranges of water contents, the higher the soil water content was, the larger the ET was. Hut in case of the irrigation levels returning to the field capacity, the lager the PF value of irrigation point was, the larger the ET was. Considering ET, yield and weight per fruit, the latter is much better than the former irrigation method. 2. The mean daily ET and mean ET ratio for each 10-day period showed that the maximum value occured in the last of August. The ranges of those were 3.74-14.64 mm/day and 0.87-3.40, respectively. These values showed that small during the early stage of growth, large during the middle stage and getting smaller in the last stage. 3. In case of irrigation levels of narrow ranges of water contents, the increase of irrigation water supplied increased the ET. The relationship between the two showed nearly straight line. Most of irrigated water was consumed as ET and the rest as percolation. But, in case of irrigation levels returning to the field capacity, the higher the PF value of irrigation point was, the larger the ET ratio was. However, their relationship didn't show straight line. 4. The irrigation level of PC - PP 2.7 was found to be the optimum irrigation level with respect to the yield, the weight per fruit, stem length, irrigation requirement and percolation quantity. In this case, mean daily ET and mean ET ratio were 6.79 mm/day (total 10052 mm) and 1.67, respectively. The maximum mean daily ET and mean ET ratio for 10-day period were 14.64 mm/day and 3.40, respectively, in the last of August, and the maximum daily ET was 2126 mm/day on August 24. 5. In case of PC - PP 2.7 which is found the optimum irrigation level, mean irrigation water required, mean ET and mean percolation water quantity were 7.44 mm/day, 6.79 mm/day(91.3% of irrigation water), and 0.38 mm/day (5.5% of it), respectively.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.252-252
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• 2017

Nowadays water shortage is becoming one of the biggest problems in the Korea. Many different methods are developed for conservation of water. Soil water management has become the most indispensable factor for augmenting the crop productivity especially on soybean (Glycine max L.) because of their high susceptibility to both water stress and water logging at various growth stages. The farmers have been using irrigation techniques through manual control which farmers irrigate lands at regular intervals. Automatic irrigation systems are convenient, especially for those who need to travel. If automatic irrigation systems are installed and programmed properly, they can even save you money and help in water conservation. Automatic irrigation systems can be programmed to provide automatic irrigation to the plants which helps in saving money and water and to discharge more precise amounts of water in a targeted area, which promotes water conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the possible effect of automatic irrigation systems based on soil moisture on soybean growth. This experiment was conducted on an upland field with sandy loam soils in Department of Southern Area Crop, NICS, RDA. The study had three different irrigation methods; sprinkle irrigation (SI), surface drip irrigation (SDI) and fountain irrigation (FI). SI was installed at spacing of $7{\times}7m$ and $1.8m^3/hr$ as square for per irrigation plot, a lateral pipe of SDI was laid down to 1.2 m row spacing with $2.3L\;h^{-1}$ discharge rate, the distance between laterals was 20 cm spacing between drippers and FI was laid down in 3m interval as square for per irrigation plot. Soybean (Daewon) cultivar was sown in the June $20^{th}$, 2016, planted in 2 rows of apart in 1.2 m wide rows and distance between hills was 20 cm. All agronomic practices were done as the recommended cultivation. This automatic irrigation system had valves to turn irrigation on/off easily by automated controller, solenoids and moisture sensor which were set the reference level as available soil moisture levels of 30% at 10cm depth. The efficiency of applied irrigation was obtained by dividing the total water stored in the effective root zone to the applied irrigation water. Results showed that seasonal applied irrigation water amounts were $60.4ton\;10a^{-1}$ (SI), $47.3ton\;10a^{-1}$ (SDI) and $92.6 ton\;10a^{-1}$ (FI), respectively. The most significant advantage of SDI system was that water was supplied near the root zone of plants drip by drip. This system saved a large quantity of water by 27.5% and 95.6% compared to SI, FI system. The average soybean yield was significantly affected by different irrigation methods. The soybean yield by different irrigation methods were $309.7kg\;10a^{-1}$ from SDI $282.2kg\;10a^{-1}$ from SI, $289.4kg\;10a^{-1}$ from FI, and $206.3kg\;10a^{-1}$ from control, respectively. SDI resulted in increase of soybean yield by 50.1%, 7.0% 9.8% compared to non-irrigation (control), FI and SI, respectively. Therefore, the automatic irrigation system supplied water only when the soil moisture in the soil went below the reference. Due to the direct transfer of water to the roots water conservation took place and also helped to maintain the moisture to soil ratio at the root zone constant. Thus the system is efficient and compatible to changing environment. The automatic irrigation system provides with several benefits and can operate with less manpower. In conclusion, improving automatic irrigation system can contribute greatly to reducing production costs of crops and making the industry more competitive and sustainable.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2004

To find out the responses of soybean genotypes in terms of different levels of irrigation with the aim of evaluating the growth, yield, and its optimum levels of irrigation, an experiment was conducted at the Field of Crop Botany Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2000 to February 2001. Five levels of irrigation viz. $\textrm{I}_0$: no irrigation, $\textrm{I}_1$: one time irrigation at 20 days after sowing (DAS), $\textrm{I}_2$:two times irrigation at 20 and 40 DAS, $\textrm{I}_3$: three times irrigation at 20, 40, and 60 DAS, and $\textrm{I}_4$: four times irrigation at 20, 40, 60, and 80 DAS and three genotypes of soybean viz. BS-3, BS-16, and BS-60 were used in this experiment. The crop was grown in a split plot design having three replications. The plant height, leaf area index, crop growth rate, shoot dry weight, branches $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$, filled pods $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$, seeds $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$, seed yield, and harvest index were influenced significantly by irrigation and these were found to be highest at three times irrigation except branches $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$. The chlorophyll content increased but empty pods $\textrm{plantI}_{-1}$ decreased with increase in irrigation levels. Genotypes of soybean varied significantly in terms of growth attributes at various growth stages except shoot dry weight at 90 DAS. The genotype BS-3 performed better compared to other genotypes and gave maximum seed yield.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to develop a computer operated automatic drip irrigation system for application in vinyl-house cultivation. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) The T-type ice compensation wire was used to measure the temperature. The voltage level measured up to 0.02 volt was used as input to an 8-bit A/D converter. 2) A specially devised tensiometer was used to content the watering system. When the needle of the pressure gauge reaches the lower threshold position it turns on the pumping system and turns off when it reaches higher threshold position. 3) In order to use the multiple gypsum blocks for one transducer, reed relays and a D/O board were used to make the sequential switching possible. 4) It was possible to automate the trickle irrigation system for the whole growth period of vinyl-house crops with the help of microcomputer. 5) In terms of furrow irrigation, the irrigation water consumption was the smallest, 2.8 times less than conventional method of surface trickle irrigation, 3.4 times less than subsurface trickle irrigation method. 6) In terms of productivity of cucumber, there was a drop in productivity when compared to furrow irrigation method, 7.2% for surface trickle irrigation, 27.4% for subsurface irrigation method.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

Drip irrigation is a affordable irrigation under structured cultivation. Drip irrigation system with high uniformity can be achieved through effective design, maintenance and management of irrigation systems. Nevertheless the design guidelines have not been established for the drip irrigation system products in domestic and imported considering cultivation method and greenhouse environment in Korea. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of drip irrigation system with uniformity through an experiment. The experiment was conducted to study with nine different types of emitters produced in domestic and imported. Hazen-Williams coefficients were also estimated for the drip emitter through hydraulic simulation for design use. It was found that approximately 91.5 % for 10 cm emitter spacing and 96.2 % for 30 cm emitter spacing of statistical uniformity were observed in respectively. Average emission uniformity was decreased as the reduction of emitter spacing. The results would be used in the drip irrigation system design and guideline construction.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.597-602
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• 2004

Field experimental study was performed to examine characteristics of nutrient export from paddy rice fields with irrigation practices. Experimental fields with surface-water and ground-water irrigation were monitored and analyzed during rice culture period. The water balance showed that outflow generally balanced the inflow showing that about half (58~68%) of total outflow was lost by surface drainage. Water and nutrient export are more in surface-water irrigation paddy than in ground-water irrigation paddy. The reasons might be more irrigation water available and easy to use in surface-water irrigation. If irrigation water reduced, it could result in reduction of nutrient export in paddy rice fields, which can save water and protect water quality. However, deviation from conventional standard practices might affect the rice yield and further investigations are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제2권
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• pp.99-113
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• 1991

Integrated irrigation management system (IIMS) that is incorporated with a microcomputer-based decision support system (DSS) has been developed and applied to paddy rice irrigation systems management. The system hardwares consist of field data acquisition units, data transmission units, central data processing units, and printing and displaying units. Ridld data to be collected include incremental rainfall, streamflow and reservoir water levels, and water levels at several irrigation canal sections within an irrigation sidtricts. The softwares are to process field data, real-time forecasting, irrigation control data, and decision variables from data-base and simulation model subsystems. And the user-interface subsystems are incorporated to present the water system operators and managers the results from data and model sugsystems. User-friendly menu with animated graphic modules are adopted to help understand irrigation controls for the district. This paper issues the overal descriptions of DSS as applied to Anjuk irrigation district. The details of major model components for the irrigation controls are presented along with real-time data collection systems. The potentials of DSS have been appraised very practical and promising for better irrigation system operation and management.