• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

Jangchan reservoir is located in Okcheon county, Chungbuk province, of which watershed area is $29.4\;km^2$ from outside, and $5.1\;km^2$ from inside watershed, effective storage capacity is $392{\times}10^4\;m^3$, paddy area to be irrigated is 474 ha. To determine inflows from Keumcheon weir located in outside watershed on an optimum level, a repeated procedure which is composed of simulation of inflows to Keumcheon weir, setting of range of water taking at Keumcheon weir, simulation of inflows to Jangchan reservoir, estimation of paddy water from Jangchan reservoir, and simulation of water storages in Jangchan reservoir was selected. Parameters of DAWAST model for simulating inflows to Jangchan reservoir were determined to UMAX of 315 mm, LMAX of 21 mm, FC of 130 mm, CP of 0.018, and CE of 0.007 with absolute sum of errors in reservoir water storages minimized using unconstrained Simplex method because of no inflows data. Inflows to Keumcheon weir were simulated to $2,132{\times}10^4\;m^3$ on an annual average. Optimal range of water taking at Keumcheon weir to transfer to Jangchan reservoir were $0.81{\sim}50\;mm/km^2/d$, which were summed up to $1,397{\times}10^4\;m^3$ in 66% of total on an annual average. Inflows to Jangchan reservoir were simulated to $1,739{\times}10^4\;m^3$ on an annual average of which were 80 % from Keumcheon weir of outside watershed. Requirements to paddy water from Jangchan reservoir were estimated to $543{\times}10^4\;m^3$ on an annual average.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.32-47
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate and propose a green-wall system with evergreen plants for urban greening of Tongyeong City. To achieve these goals, the requirements and possibilities for wall greening were investigated and evaluated considering the location, topography, and climate of Tongyeong City. Existing walls were analyzed and then a suitable green wall system is proposed. Tongyeong City and its 151 islands covers the central and the southern parts of the Goseong peninsula. Most of the land is covered with hills and mountains; $43.9\%$ of the land area has a slope greater than $15\%$ and most hills and mountains near the urban area have a slope of more than $30\%$. As a result of the topographical properties, concrete retaining walls can often be seen along the streets in urbanized areas. These retaining walls are not only unattractive, but they also create environmental problems, and thus should be replaced with native evergreen plants. Options for replacing the retaining walls include evergreen vine-plants such as Hedaa spp. and Euonymus radicans, but native evergreen shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira, Nandina domestica, Raphiolepis umbellata, Ilex cornuta, flex crenata, Fatsia japonic, and Aucuba japonica may be a more attractive option. Current wall conditions are unsuitable for planting vines, therefore, a reservoir-drainage-type plant box filled with a light artificial substrate is required for greening these concrete retaining walls. These might be irrigated in the dry season and fertilized annually by an appropriate system. These plant boxes could be attached along the entire walls. An experiment investigating effects of substrates and bark-chip mulching on the growth of Hedera spp. showed that the mixture of cerasoil and field soil(v/v, 4:6) was superior to field soil alone and to the mixture of perlite small grain, large grain, and field soil(v/v/v, 2:2:6). Bark-chip mulching tended to increase the growth of Hedera spp..

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 1986

전주시(全州市) 공단폐수(工團廢水) 및 도시하수(都市下水)의 영향(影響)을 받는 지역(地域)의 토양(土壤)과 수도(水稻)를 대상(對象)으로 Cd, Cu, Pb, 및 Zn등 중김속함량(重金屬含量)을 조사분석(調査分析)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 토양중(土壤中)의 중김속함량(重金屬含量)은 표토(表土)와 심토(心土)의 차(差)가 거의 없었다. 2) 토양중(土壤中)의 Cd, Cu, Pb, 및 Zn의 전함량(全含量)은 오염원(汚染源)으로부터 거리(距離)가 멀어질수록 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 나타냈다. 3) 표토중(表土中) Cd, Pb, Zn 함량(含量)과 0.1N-HCL 및 $N-CH_3COONH_4$에 의한 용출량간(溶出量間)에 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 나타냈다. 4) 토양중(土壤中) 점토(粘土), 유기물함량(有機物含量) 및 양(陽) ion치환용량(置換容量)과 중김속함량간(重金屬含量間)에는 정(正)의 유의성(有意性) 있는 상관(相關)을 나타냈다. 5) 공단폐수(工團廢水) 및 도시하수(都市下水)에 의해서 오염(汚染)된 답토양(畓土壤)에서 생산(生産)된 현미중(玄米中) 중김속함량(重金屬含量)은 Cd은 $0.15{\sim}0.91$ Cu은 $1.13{\sim}5.68$, Pb은 $0.22{\sim}7.16$, Zn.은 $11.74{\sim}38.66ppm$이었다. 6) 현미중(玄米中) 중김속(重金屬)의 함량(含量)은 오염원(汚染源)으로부터 멀어질수록 감소(減少)하는 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 나타냈다. 7) 지상부(地上部) 수도(水稻)의 경엽중(莖葉中) Cd, Cu, 및 Zn의 함량(含量)은 현미중(玄米中) 이들의 함량(含量)과 유의성(有意性) 있는 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 나타냈다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1989

벼 생육(生育)에 기온(氣溫)과 더불어 밀접(密接)한 영향(影響)을 주는 논의 수온(水溫) 환경(環境)의 생육시기별(生育時期別) 변화(變化)를 대기(大氣)의 온도(溫度), 습도(濕度)) 일사량(日射量)과 군락(群落)의 엽면적지수(葉面積指數)로써 추정(推定)하고자 1984년(年)에 수원(水原)과 진부(珍富)에서 측정조사(測定調査)하여 분석(分析)한 후 그 추정(推定) 수온(水溫)을 실측치(實測値)와 비교검토(比較檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 등음과 같다. 1. 벼 생육초기(生育初期)의 수온(水溫)은 대기기온(大氣氣溫)보다 최고(最高)${\cdot}$최저온도(最低溫度)가 모두 $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$ 정도(程度)높았다. 2. 수면(水面)에 도달(到達)되는 순복사량(純輻射量)은 엽면적지수(葉面積指數)의 지수함수(指數函數)로 표현(表現)된다. 3. 벼의 엽면적지수(葉面積指數)가 $3{\sim}4$이상(以上)이 되면 수면(水面)에 도달(到達)되는 광량(光量)의 감쇠(減衰)로 논의 수온(水溫)은 대기기온(大氣氣溫)보다 낮아졌다. 4. 평야지(平野地)인 수원지방(水原地方)의 보통논에서는 조합법(組合法)을 이용(利用)한 추정수온(推定水溫)은 실측치(實測値)와 비슷한 경향(傾向)을 나타내어 대기기상(大氣氣象)에 의(依)한 논의 수온추정(水溫推定)이 가능(可能)한 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다. 그러나 산간고랭지(山間高冷地)인 진부(珍富)의 사질답(砂質畓)에서는 이 조합법(組合法)을 이용(利用)한 수온예측모형(水溫豫測模型)은 적용(適用)이 불가능(不可能)하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.280-287
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• 1997

낙동강 수계의 오염을 방지하고 수계에 미치는 농업부문의 오염원을 파악해서 환경보전형 농업의 현장 적용모델을 얻고자 실시되고 있는 봉황천 수계지역에 대한 토지이용현황과 토양특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 가구는 농가가 대부분(91.9%)이었으며, 주민수의 비율은 남녀 서로 비슷하였다. 경지면적은 논이 64.4% 밭과 과수원이 각각 19.6% 및 16.0%이었고, 작물별 재배면적은 벼>보리>시설원예작물 순이었다. 가축수는 닭이 가장 많았고 돼지, 한우, 젖소 순으로 적었으나 대가축단위(독일)로는 한우가 돼지보다 오히려 더 많았다. 2. 조사지역의 지질 및 토양모재는 봉황천 하류 농경지는 충적층이었지만, 기타 대부분 지역은 안산암 유래 곡간퇴적물이 가장 넓은 면적을 차지하고 있었다. 낙동강 하류의 충적층과 인접한 곳에는 응회암이 적은 면적으로 산재되어 있고, 섬록암과 화강섬록암 등의 중성암도 일부 저구릉과 산악지에 분포되어 있었다. 3. 농경지 토양중 봉황천 상류에서 신월교까지의 곡간 및 선상지 등에는 금곡통, 칠곡통, 지산통, 임곡통이 대부분이었으며, 초동저수지 앞의 넓은 하성평탄지는 대부분이 평택통이었고, 저구릉지쪽을 따라 길게 호남통이 분포하며, 낙동강변은 규암통과 호남통이 넓은 면적을 차지하고 있었다. 4. 토양중 무기성분함량에서 하우스 토양은 전기전도도(EC)가, 과수원 토양은 유기물 유효인산 치환성 양이온이 다른 토양보다 높았다. 밭토양의 유효인산함량은 전국 평균치 및 개량목표치보다 각각 1.7배 및 1.9배 높았고, 비닐하우스 논토양은 적정치보다 치환성 마그네슘과 칼리함량이 약간 높았다. 과수원 토양은 적정치보다 유효인산이 3.7~7.4배, 치환성 마그네슘 및 칼리함량이 각자 1.1~1.8배 및 2.0~4.0배 더 높았다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

Artificial ground greening, which is considered as a way for the greening of cities, should be constructed easily and maintained continuously. Thus it is necessary to use light soils for keeping in flexible formation and light load. And the garden should be managed optimally taking account for the characteristics of the soil and plant. But in most landscape green area, they are not under management. Mostly they are occasionally irrigated without nutrient by hand-operating. So this study was conducted to investigate plant growth by management methods and soil depth(15cm, 30cm). As a results of the different methods of management had effect on the plant growth and on the rate of flowering. When Hosta longipes were grown in different three management methods, control(rainfall), periodical irrigation, and nutri-irrigation(fertigation), the content of chlorophyll, the plant growth and the rate of flowering were higher in nutri-irrigation (fertigation) treatment than those in control(rainfall) and periodic irrigation. And nutrient contents of leaf are also higher. Between 15cm and 30cm soil depth, the plant growth of 15cm soil depth is better than that of 30 soil depth. According to these results on artificial ground greening, determination of optimal soil depth by plant species is required, And a specialist for nutrient management is demanded.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Ten improved mulberry varieties (Vl, C1730, C2016, C2017, Anantha, RFS-175, Thallaghatapura, Vishala, S1 and S1635) were evaluated through enzyme assay and estimation of soluble protein content followed by regression analysis, grown under irrigated conditions in the alluvial soils of Gangetic plains of West Bengal in India for five successive crops in a year, The nitrate reductase (EC No. 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA, $\mu$mol N $O_2$- $h^{-1}$ $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), total soluble protein (mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.) was estimated which showed to vary significantly in the tested varieties. In addition to these, the other parameters like unit leaf fresh and dry weight (g), moisture ％, unit leaf area ($\textrm{cm}^2$), specific leaf weight (g c $m^{-2}$ ), total soluble sugar (mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), leaf yield/plant (kg), shoot yield/plant (kg) and net photosynthetic rate (NPR, $\mu$㏖ $m^{2}$ $s^{-1}$ ) were also studied which showed to vary significantly in tested varieties. Among them, S1635, haying higher NRA (13.25 $\mu$㏖ N $O_2$- $h^{-l}$ $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), total soluble protein (39.63mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), NPR(16.66 $\mu$㏖ $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ ), total soluble sugar (48.44 mg $g^{-1}$ fr. wt.), leaf yield/plant (0.689 kg) and shoot yield/plant (1.135 kg) showed its superiority over other tested varieties. Regression and correlation coefficients were analysed, and a strong positive correlation was found between NRA ＆ total soluble protein, NRA ＆ NPR, NRA ＆ total soluble sugar, NRA af unit leaf weight, NRA ＆ specific leaf weight, NRA ＆ leaf yield/plant, NRA ＆ shoot yield/plant, NPR ＆ leaf yield and NPR ＆ specific leaf weight.t.

• 지질공학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2004

강변여과수의 과도한 취수는 제내지 지하수위 하강을 발생하게 하며 이로 인해서 제내지 농경지의 토양 건조도가 증가되어 과도한 관계용수의 보충이 필요할 뿐만 아니라 지하수위 하강으로 인한 기존 관정사용이 어려워져 더 깊은 새로운 관정을 개발해야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 지하수위 하강을 저감시키기 위한 방안으로 제내지 측에 인공함양우물을 설치하는 방법을 제안하였다. 창원시 강변여과 시설에 적용한 결과 인공함양우물의 최적 위치는 취수정으로부터 제내지 측으로 200m 지점에 위치하며, 함양량을 취수량의 $5\%$를 유지하는 것이 지하수위하강을 저감하기위한 효과적인 조건으로 판단되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1999

Soil moisture condition is an important limiting factor in growth and yield in rice culture. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence on the growth, yield and Quality of rice subjected to soil moisture stress (SMS) at different growth stages. Ajaponica rice cultivar, Dongjinbyeo, was cultured under flooded conditions in a plastic container filled with silty loam soil. The container was subjected to SMS until the initial wilting point (IWP) coincided with about 10% in soil moisture content and about-200 kPa in soil matric potential, and was then irrigated again, at 6 and 5 of main growth stage in 1996 and 1997, respectively. At maturity, the plant height, tiller number, leaf area and top dry weight were decreased more in SMS treatments at the early stage than the late stage. The averaged yield index of SMS to control in both years was lowest at meiosis (62.5%), which primarily resulted from lower percent ripened grain and 1,000 grain weight, and second＇ reduced the spikelet number per panicle and panicle number per hill, and followed at tillering stage (68.5%) which resulted from the lower production in tiller number and top dry matter during and after SMS treatment. The percent-age of read rice in SMS plants varied with the treatment stage as order of lower at meiosis (44.0%), heading (53.9%), panicle initiation (70.1%), tillering (72.1%), ripening (75.8%) and 5 days after transplanting (DAT) (79.0%). Protein content in brown rice was slightly larger in SMS at late growth stage than the control, while the contents of fat and ash differed very little between SMS and control. Contents of Mg and K and Mg/K in brown rice with SMS were lower at some treatment stages such as at ripening or panicle initiation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis, that the effectiveness of irrigation in removing smear layer in the apical third of root canal system is dependent on the depth of placement of the irrigation needle into the root canal and the enlargement size of the canal. Materials and Methods: Eighty sound human lower incisors were divided into eight groups according to the enlargement size (#25, #30, #35 and #40) and the needle penetration depth (3 mm from working length, WL-3 mm and 9 mm from working length, WL-9 mm). Each canal was enlarged to working length with Profile.06 Rotary Ni-Ti files and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl. Then, each canal received a final irrigation with 3 mL of 3% EDTA for 4 min, followed by 5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl at different level (WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm) from working length. Each specimen was prepared for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Photographs of the 3mm area from the apical constriction of each canal with a magnification of ${\times}250$, ${\times}500$, ${\times}1,000$, ${\times}2,500$ were taken for the final evaluation. Results: Removal of smear layer in WL-3 mm group showed a significantly different effect when the canal was enlarged to larger than #30. There was a significant difference in removing apical smear layer between the needle penetration depth of WL-3 mm and WL-9 mm. Conclusions: Removal of smear layer from the apical portion of root canals was effectively accomplished with apical instrumentation to #35/40 06 taper file and 3 mm needle penetration from the working length.