• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Germination characteristics, seedling emergence, and early seedling growth of iron-coated rice seeds, cultivars Daebo and Samdeokbyeo, under different water depths were compared with those of non-coated seeds (control) and the results evaluated to obtain basic information for establishing stable seedlings in direct water seeding. The total germination percentage of the two seed treatments was similar, but iron-coated seeds had slightly faster germination and shorter mean germination time than non-coated seeds. Water absorption rates of iron-coated seeds were lower than that of non-coated seeds during seed germination. The germination percentage of the two iron-coated rice seed cultivars showed a significant decline of 15-22% after one year of storage under natural conditions. The seedling emergence percentage and uniformity of the two rice cultivars were significantly higher in the iron-coated seeds at 1-13 cm water depths but the percentage of floating seedlings was lower in iron-coated seeds than in non-coated seeds. The iron-coated seeds had a high seedling emergence percentage of 91.3-93.3% at all flooding depths whereas the non-coated seeds had a significantly low seedling emergence percentage of 57.7-71.7% at a water depth of 13 cm. Moreover, the shoot dry weight and seedling health score of iron-coated seeds were significantly higher than those of non-coated seeds, while root dry weights were similar in iron-coated and non-coated seeds, regardless of water depth. These results suggest that iron-coated seeds are more appropriate for stable seedling establishment in direct water seeding than are non-coated seeds.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2011

The study was performed to evaluate rice seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling establishment under different coating materials such as iron powder, silicate powder and silicate coverage after direct seeding. There were differences among coating materials as follows; 1. In seedling establishment there was the highest in untreated control> silicate-coated seeds and silicate coverage>iron-coated seeds. In case of untreated control this result due to laboratory experiment unlike field conditions where has been constraints in bird damages, seed dry under strong sunlight and buoyance after rainy and/or irrigation. 2. Thus, there was the highest in untreated control>silicate-coated seeds>silicate coverage>iron-coated seeds, respectively. 3. Total fresh weight(shoots and roots) of the seedling was also highest in untreated control>silicate-coated seeds and silicate coverage> iron-coated seeds.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

The experiment was conducted at the growth chamber to determine germination, seedling growth and fresh weight between the untreated control and iron-coated seeds in germination test of the rice seeds. There was of 95% germination in rice seeds regardless of treatments and days for seedling emergence was relatively 13-14days. Seedling height was 4.9cm of the iron-coated seeds but 0.4cm of the untreated control and there was 6.S roots of seedling in iron-coated seeds and 5.5 roots of seedling in the untreated control, respectively. The fresh weight of seedling was 107mg of the iron-coated seeds and 66mg of the untreated control at 35days after sowing.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2011

The machine transplanted rice has highly extended in the Republic of Korea due to a wage rise since 1976 and thus rice seedling raising nursery method has shifted from field into polyethylene film house. The rice seedling grown under a polyethylene film house was weak and tall because of limited sunlight and wind and so there was so complained among rice growing farmers in terms of missing hill and broken seedling after machine transplanting. In recent iron-coated seedling has reported on healthier and stronger than that of polyethylene film house. These seedlings were more stiff and thus more easy to handle during transplanting and less missing hills. The Iron-coated seed was proven to more stiff like seedling height, root growth and weight of shoot and root growth. This was more convenient during transfer of seedling raising box im machine transplanting. Thus, this study was carried out to grow a stiff and healthy seedling growth and development for machine transplanting. There were a normal seed germination and sprouting after iron-coated seeds treatment and this seedling was smaller and stiffer than that of untreated control. The leaf number and root growth of seedling which was iron-coated seeds would be better and total seedling fresh weight was greater than that of untreated control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2017

In attempt to avoid crop damage through wild bird's picking, this study was designed with aim to evaluate several pre-sowing soybean seed coatings for optimum yield in corn-soybean mixed forage. It was investigated under four cropping treatments, viz. 1) corn sole, 2) corn mixed with soybean without any coating, 3) corn with iron coated soybean and 4) corn with thiram coated soybean. Each treatment had three replicates and corn sole was control treatment. Pioneer (P1184) and crossbred ($PI483463{\times}Hutcheson$) seeds were used for corn and soybean, respectively. The trial was conducted under randomized block design from $5^{th}$ June to $23^{rd}$ September, 2015. Data were an alyzed through ANOVA technique using SAS9.1.3 software. Results depicted that survivability of soybean against wild birds damage was found better (p<0.05) in thiram coating which was higher than iron coating and control treatment but later on thiram coating had adverse effects on subsequent growth of soybean plants. Corn stalk height was decreased (p<0.05) in thiram coating, whereas corn ear height was reduced in iron coating treatment. Iron coating enhanced (p<0.05) height of soybean plant (p<0.05) better than that of thiram coating. Soybean seed coatings didn't influence dry matter yield and nutritive value in terms of total digestible nutrients yield in corn soybean mixed forage. Conclusively, although presowing thiram coating enhanced survivability of soybean plants against wild bird damage but had adverse effects on its subsequent growth. However, soybean seed coatings didn't influence yield and nutritive value of corn soybean intercropping forage.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

This research was conducted to determine a pre-germinated herbicides with iron-coated seeds in water and wet hill seeded rice. Days of rice seedling emergence was the faster germination at the application of benzobicyclon > oxadiazon > thiobencarb > butachlor and the sealed iron-coated seeds with pre-germinated seeds> pre-germinated seeds> iron-coated seeds with pre-soaking. The seedling establishment was relatively high in untreated control and benzobicyclon among seed treatments by 63.7% and 75.7%. There was 100% seeds killed of pre-germinated seeds in terms of herbicide phytotoxicity and sealed iron-coated seeds with pre-germinated seeds in butachlor but benzobicyclon was of safe with 2% rice seeds killed. Infant rice seedling height was of 9.2-12.9cm in benzobicyclon and 11.9-16.3cm in untreated control and thus there was relatively normal development and growth at the initial rice seedling.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2015

The experiment was conducted to evaluate rice growth and yield as affected by different coating and covering materials such as a iron, silicate, iron and silicate mixture of rice seeds in farmer's rice growing field. The tiller number was 36.7 at iron-coated seeds, 32.8 at silicate-covered seeds, 30.3 at iron and silicate mixture coated seeds and 30.2 at untreated control in 44days after seeding. The seedling height was 38.2cm of iron and silicate mixture, 37.7cm of untreated control, 36cm of iron-coated and 35.7cm of silicate covered seeds in 43days after seeding. At 75days after seeding rice tiller number was 153 of iron-coated seeds, 152 of silicate-covered seeds, 147 of untreated seeds and 141 of iron and silicate mixture-coated seeds and also there were different plant height growth of 87.4cm in silicate-covered seeds, 85.7cm in iron and silicate mixture, 85.4cm in untreated control and 83.0cm in iron-coated seeds. The panicle length was of 21.0cm in iron and silicate mixture coated seeds, 20.8cm in silicate covered seeds, 20.7cm in untreated control seeds and 20.6cm in iron-coated seeds. The panicle number was 464 at iron-coated seeds, 404 at untreated control seeds, 427 at silicate-covered seeds and 412 at iron and silicate mixture coated seeds. The spikelet number per m² was of 32,503 in iron-coated seeds, 31,813 in silicate-covered seeds, 29,646 in untreated control, 28,896 in iron and silicate mixture coated seeds. The ripened ratio of rice grain was of 94.5% at iron-coated seeds, 93.9% at iron and silicate mixture coated seeds, 93.6% at silicate covered seeds and 93.2% at untreated control seeds. The rice yield was of 591kg/10a at iron-coated seeds, 580kg/10a at silicate-covered seeds, 571kg/10a at iron and silicate mixture-coated seeds and 539kg/10a at untreated control.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2017

The field trial was performed to evaluate the rice growth and yield in different direct seeding methods. The required time for seed emergence was for 8~ 9days in the tested direct seeding methods and there was high in seedling establishment according to wet hill-seeding with iron-coated seeds> wet hill-seeding with soil coverage>water seeding with iron-coated seeds and water seeding with pregerminated seeds as the conventional treatment. The rice plant height was taller in wet hill-seeding methods than that of water seeding with broadcasting method but there was not significant difference in terms of statistical analysis at 75day after seeding except the water seeding with pregerminated seeds. The growth of tiller number in the rice plant was highest in water seeding with iron-coated seeds. The milled rice yield was highest in water seeding with iron-coated seed being with 6.4t/ha and percentage of head rice was the highest in wet hill-seeding and water seeding with iron-coated seeds.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5-18
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• 2018

The field trial was performed to evaluate the rice growth and yield in direct seeding cultivation with iron-coated rice seeds. The required time for seed emergence was for 9~11days in the tested direct seeding methods. That was 1~2days earlier in direct seeding with pregerminated seeds than that of direct seeding with iron-coated seeds. The seedling establishment was highest in water seeding with iron-coated seeds but there was not significant difference in terms of statistical analysis. The rice plant height was taller in water seeding with broadcasting method than that of wet hill-seeding methods and in direct seeding with iron-coated seeds than that of direct seeding with pregerminated seeds. The tiller number in the rice plant was the highest in machine transplanting at 30days after direct seeding(June 17) and in water seeding with iron-coated seeds at 45days after seeding(DAS) and 60DAS. The tiller number of 75 and 90DAS in the tested rice cultivation methods being with 352~405/m² was not significantly different in terms of statistical analysis. The heading time was not different in rice direct seeding methods but 2 day earlier in direct seeding with iron-coated seeds than that of direct seeding with pregerminated seeds. The culm length was the highest in water seeding with iron-coated seeds and the panicle length was the longest in wet hill-seeding with pregerminated seeds. The panicle number per m² was highest in water seeding with iron-coated seeds but not significant difference among the tested rice cultivation methods. The water seeding with iron-coated seeds resulted in the highest spikelet number per m² and the heaviest grain weight of brown rice. Percentage of ripened kernel was the highest in wet hill-seeding with iron-coated seeds. But there were not significant among the tested rice cultivation methods. The milled rice yield in direct seeding methods was 3~21% higher than that in machine transplanting. Water seeding with iron-coated seeds recorded the highest milled rice yield being with 6.86t/ha.The occurrence of sheath blight was high according to machine transplanting>wet hill-seeding>water seeding. Weed occurrence was the highest in water seeding with pregerminated seeds. Weedy rice occurred not in machine transplanting but occured 0.6~0.7% in direct seeding methods with pregerminated seeds and 0.1% in direct seeding with iron-coated seeds.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2013

The research was conducted to determine a seed germination and seedling establishment of rice plant under seed coating materials such as iron, silicate, and phyllite and under covered with silicate and iron coated & silicate covered in the puddled wet hill seeding and wet line seeding methods. The seedling establishment was high in silicate and untreated control of 100%>phyllite coating of 91.5%>silicate coating of 88%>iron coating and silicate covered of 86%>silicate covered of 75.5% in the puddled wet hill seeding method, respectively. At 35days after treatment there was high in seedling height at silicate covered of 23.8cm>control of 23.6cm>silicate coating of 21.4cm>phyllite coating of 20.2cm>iron coating and silicate covered of 16.8cm>iron coating of 15.4cm. In puddle wet line seeding method rice seedling establishment was high at control and silicate covered of 100%>iron coating and silicate covered by 97.5%>phyllite coating by 94.8%>iron coating by 86%. Seedling height was high in silicate covered of 22.1cm>control of 21.2cm>silicate coating of 20.0cm>phyllite coating of 19.0cm>iron coating of 17.7cm>iron coating and silicate covered of 17.0cm, respectively.