• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.240-251
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• 2019

울산 하대고분에서 출토된 판상철부의 미세조직을 금속학적 방법으로 분석하여 제작기술을 살펴보았다. 또한 기존의 판상철부 연구자료와 비교 및 검토하여 판상철부에 적용된 다양한 제작기술을 파악하였다. 울산 하대고분 44호 목곽묘에서 나란히 배열된 상태로 출토된 판상철부 10점을 과학적으로 분석한 결과, 판상철부의 제작기술 체계를 '(1) 순철-형태 가공, (2) 순철-형태 가공-침탄, (3) 순철-형태 가공-침탄-탈탄' 세 가지 유형으로 분류할 수 있었다. 판상철부는 모두 단조에 의해 제작되었고, 순철을 소재로 두드려 형태를 만들었다. 특히 다수의 판상철부는 형태 가공 후 침탄 처리를 통해 재질을 강화시켰는데, 이는 중간 소재 또는 화폐로 통용됨으로써 당시 제철산업의 근간을 이루었던 철강 제품인 것으로 보인다. 한편 형태 가공이나 침탄 이후에는 담금질이 실시되지 않았다는 공통점을 가진다. 순철을 소재로 제작한 판상철부의 미세조직에는 불순 개재물이 다량 포함되어 있고, 비금속 개재물을 성분 분석한 결과, 유리상과 뷔스타이트가 함께 혼재한 철재(鐵滓)의 특징을 보여주므로 제련 공정에서 저온환원법이 적용되었을 가능성이 크다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.367-378
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• 2013

원삼국시대에 속하는 경기도 김포시 양촌유적에서 출토된 단조철부 5점과 주조철부 1점을 대상으로 미세조직 관찰과 비금속개재물 분석을 실시하였다. 단조품에 사용된 소재는 순철에 가까운 소재와 저탄소강이 사용되었고 성형 후 1점에만 담금질을 하였다. 주조품은 주철을 탈탄시킨 미세조직이 보여 주철탈탄 제강법이 적용된 것을 확인하였다. 비금속개재물 분석결과 철부는 고체저온환원법으로 제련하여 생산된 괴련철을 두드려서 제작하였다. FeO 함량이 $SiO_2$에 비해 비교적 높게 나타나 제련 시 노의 온도가 환원에 충분하지 못해 Fe의 회수율이 적었던 것으로 보이며 이 과정에서 광물에 포함된 K, P, Mg, Mn, Ti 등 불순물이 혼입되었다. Ca 함량이 높게 검출되는 곳이 있어 일부는 조제제로 석회물질을 넣었던 것으로 추정된다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권22호
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• pp.115-132
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• 2001

No. 3 Tomb of Bogam-ri, in Naju City, Chollanam-do Province, was a site excavated and inspected from 1996 to 1998 and had a various grave forms, including jar-coffins, stone-chambers and stone-cists. Although most of the metal artifacts excavated from it were severely corroded, we could implement microstructure investigation by collecting samples from the iron axes, iron coffin-nails and iron clamps in which the metal parts were remained. The metal structures were inspected by using metallographic microscope and SEM, and fine components analysis was implemented by ICP. To examine the hardness differences in accordance with the structure distribution, we measured the hardness by structures with Vickers hardness testing machine. As a result of the metal structure inspection, most of them were pure iron, ferrite, and also pearlite, cementite and widmannstaten structures were displayed. We could confirm carbonization was formed on the surface of the iron axes-B, iron coffin-nails-B, and iron clamps-A. There was no carbonization in the rest of the artifacts, and it is not certain that whether the carbonized parts were peeled off through extreme corrosion or they were not carbonized when they were made. In the particular part of a blade, the quality of the material was strengthened through processing. Due to the processing re-grain was caused and fine grain particles were formed. As a result of the ICP component analysis, there were no addition atoms because pure irons were used as materials. In the mean time, No. 17 jar-coffin where the iron axes-A are excavated, is chronologically ordered as from the late-fourth century to the mid-fifth century, and No. 1 and No. 2 stone chambers, where the rest of the artifacts were excavated, as the early-sixth century. It was difficult to relate the periodic differences with the manufacture technique artifacts which we inspected because there were no distinct characteristics of the manufacture technique of the metal structures and it is impossible to conclude the artifacts and sites are at the same period although their periods are different.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2006

It is well known that Grain-oriented electrical steel sheets have two dimensional magnetic properties according to the direction of exciting field such as non-linear phase difference between magnetic flux density and magnetic field intensity vectors, different iron loss and permeability even when an alternating magnetic field is applied. The measurement and application of the two dimensional magnetic properties of the Grain-oriented electrical steel sheets, therefore, are very important for the design and precise performance analysis of electric machines made of them. As the direction of exciting field changes, in this paper, the two dimensional magnetic properties of a Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, i.e., non-linear B-H curves, phase difference between B and H, and iron loss characteristics, are measured using SST(Single Sheet Tester) which has two axes excitation. The measured results are presented in two ways: using $(B,\theta_B)$ method and using hysteresis loops along rolling and transverse directions, respectively.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.128-135
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• 1998

돌극형 동기 릴럭턴스 전동기의 고속회전 영역에서, 철손의 영향은 무시할 수 없게 된다. 본 논문에서는 돌 극형 동기 릴럭턴스 전동기에 대하여 고정자 철손이 고정자 내의 둥가 와전류에 의해서 발생한다는 가정 하에서, 둥가 인덕턴스에 직렬로 등가 철손저항이 삽입된 모델을 이용하여 철손을 고려한 전압방정식을 유도하였다. 또, 동작 주파수의 증가에 따른 철손의 변동은 벡터제어계의 제어성능을 악화시키고,d 축과 q 축의 쇄교자속에 서로 간섭하여 벡터제어의 적용을 어렵게 한다. 따라서, d 축과 q 축을 비간섭화 하여 철손저항의 영향을 제거해서 비간섭 토크제어가 가능한 벡터제어법올 제안하였으며, 시뮬레이션올 통하여 이를 확인하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.73-77
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• 2002

The requirements for higher productivity call for high speed of the machine tool axes. Iron core type linear DC motor is growly accepted far a viable candidate of the high speed machine tool feed unit. LDM, however, has inherent disturbance force components: cogging and force ripple. These disturbance force directly affects tracking accuracy of the carrage and must be eliminated or reduced. Reducing motor ripple, this paper adapted the feed forward compensation method and neural network control. Experiments carried 7ut on the linear motor test setup show that this control methods is usable in order to reduce the motor ripple.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.71-73
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• 2001

The requirements for higher productivity call for high speed of the machine tool axes. Iron core type linear DC motor is growly accepted for a viable candidate of the high speed machine tool feed unit. LDM, however, has inherent disturbance force components: cogging and force ripple. These disturbance force directly affects the carrage tracking accuracy and must be eliminated or reduced. Reducing motor ripple, this paper adapted the feed forward compensation method. Experiments carried out on the linear motor test setup show that this compensation method is usable in order to reduce the motor ripple.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2006

It is necessary to measure precisely the magnetic characteristics of electrical steel sheets under rotating magnetic fields, to obtain an accurate numerical performance analysis of electric machines made of electrical steel sheets. In this paper, the two dimensional magnetic characteristics of an electrical steel sheet are measured and explained under rotating magnetic fields using a two-axes-excitation type single sheet tester (SST). Through experiments, the magnetic properties, under rotating magnetic fields, of a non-oriented and grain oriented electrical steel sheet were measured respectively. In addition, the iron losses due to not only the alternating magnetic fields, but also rotating magnetic fields were measured. These experimentally measured results can evidently be applied to the analysis of iron losses in electrical machines.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2001년도 Proceedings ICPE 01 2001 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.331-335
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• 2001

This paper presents the self-commissioning for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor. The proposed strategy executes three tests with a standard inverter drive system. To do this, synchronous d-q axes currents are appropriately controlled for each test. From the three tests, armature resistance, armature inductance, equivalent iron loss resistance, and emf coefficient are identified automatically. The validity of the proposed strategy is confirmed by experimental results.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2003

This paper presents the self-commissioning for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor. The proposed strategy executes three tests with a vector controlled inverter drive system. To do this, synchronous d-q axes currents are appropriately controlled for each test. From the three tests, armature resistance, armature inductance, equivalent iron loss resistance, and emf coefficient are identified automatically. The validity of the proposed strategy is confirmed by experimental results.