• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2010년도 한국우주과학회보 제19권1호
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• pp.30.2-30.2
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• 2010

It is a mistaken impression that the midlatitude ionosphere was a very stable region with well-known morphology and physical mechanism. However, the large disturbances of midlatitude ionospheric contents in response to global thermospheric changes during geomagnetic storms are reported in recent studies using global GPS TEC map and space-born thermospheric UV images, and its importance get higher with the increasing application areas of space navigation systems and radio communication which are mostly used in the midlatitudes. Positive and negative storm phases are used to describe increase and decrease of ionospheric electron density. Negative storms result generally from the enhanced loss rate of electron density according to the neutral composition changes which are initiated by Joule heating in high-latitudes during geomagnetic storms. In contrast, positive ionospheric storms have not been well understood because of rare measurements to explain the mechanisms. The large enhancements of ground-based GPS TEC in Korea were observed on 8 and 10 November 2004. The positive ionospheric storm was continued except for dawn on 8 November, and its maximum value is ~65 TECU of ~3 times compared with the monthly mean TEC values. The other positive phase on 10 November begin to occur in day sector and lasted for more than 6 hours. The O/N2 ratios from GUVI/TIMED satellite show ~1.2 in northern hemisphere and ~0.3 in southern hemisphere of the northeast Asian sector on 8 and 10 November. We suggest the asymmetric features of O/N2 ratios in the Northeast Asian sector may play an important role in the measured GPS TEC enhancements in Korea because global thermospheric wind circulation can globally change the chemical composition during geomagnetic storms.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2011

전리층에 의한 신호지연 오차는 2000년 5월 SA해제 후 GPS 측위의 가장 큰 오차 요인이다. 이 연구에서는 전리층 오차를 산출하기 위한 방법으로 국토지리정보원 44개소의 상시관측소로부터 제공된 위상평활코드 의사거리 관측값을 이용하여 전리층 총전자수를 추정하였다. 총전자수를 정확하게 추정하기 위해 위성과 수신기의 하드웨어 바이어스인 DCB(Differential Code Bias)를 산출하여 적용하였으며, 적용 효과를 확인하기 위해 GlM을 기준으로 DCB 적용 전 후의 전리층 총전자수를 비교하였다. 그 결과, DCB를 적용했을 때 약 3~4 TECU, 적용하지 않았을 때 약 35~45 TECU의 RMS 오차를 나타냈다. DCB를 적용하여 $1^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$ 공간해상도의격자형 전리층 총전자수 지도를 생성하였으며, 이때 총전자수 추정에 이용되는 상시관측소의 개소 수 증가에 따른 효과를 분석하기 위해 상시관측소의 개소 수를 10개소, 20개소, 30개소, 44개소 순으로 증가시키며 총전자수를 추정하였다. 각 총전자수 지도를 GIM과 비교하여 RMS 오차를 산출한 결과, 10개소의 상시관측소를 이용한 경우 5.3 TECU에서 44개소의 상시관측소를 이용한 경우 3.9 TECU로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2023

One recent notable method for real-time elimination of ionospheric errors in geodetic applications is the Predicted Global Ionosphere Map (PGIM). This study analyzes the level of accuracy achievable when applying the PGIM provided by the Center for Orbit Determination of Europe (CODE) to the Korean Peninsula region. First, an examination of the types and lead times of PGIMs provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS) Analysis Center revealed that CODE's two-day prediction model, C2PG, is available approximately eight hours before midnight. This suggests higher real-time usability compared to the one-day prediction model, C1PG. When evaluating the accuracy of PGIM by assuming the final output of the Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) as a reference, it was found that on days with low solar activity, the error is within ~2 TECU, and on days with high solar activity, the error reaches ~3 TECU. A comparison of the errors introduced when using PGIM and three solar activity indices-Kp index, F10.7, and sunspot number-revealed that F10.7 exhibits a relatively high correlation coefficient compared to Kp-index and sunspot number, confirming the effectiveness of the prediction model.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2010년도 한국우주과학회보 제19권1호
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• pp.30.3-31
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• 2010

We performed a comprehensive comparison between GPS Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) and TOPEX/Jason (T-J) TEC data for the periods of 1998~2009 in order to assess the performance of GIM over the global ocean where the GPS ground stations are very sparse. Using the GIM model constructed by CODE at University of Bern, the GIM TEC values were obtained along the T-J satellite orbit at the locations and times of the measurements and then binned into various geophysical conditions for direct comparison with the T-J TECs. On the whole, the GIM model was able to reproduce the spatial and temporal variations of the global ionosphere as well as the seasonal variations. However, the GIM model was not accurate enough to represent the well-known ionospheric structures such as the equatorial anomaly, the Weddell Sea Anomaly, and the longitudinal wave structure. Furthermore, there seems to be a fundamental limitation of the model showing the unexpected negative differences (i.e., GPS < T-J) in the northern high latitude and the southern middle and high latitude regions. The positive relative differences (i.e., GIM > T-J) at night represent the plasmaspheric contribution to GPS TEC, which is maximized, reaching up to 100% of the corresponding T-J TEC values in the early morning sector. In particular, the relative differences decreased with increasing solar activity and this may indicate that the plasmaspheric contribution to the maintenance of the nighttime ionosphere does not increase with solar activity, which is different from what we normally anticipate. Among these results, the plasmaspheric contribution to the ionospheric GPS TEC will be presented in this talk and the rest of it will presented in the companion paper (poster presentation).

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.64.5-64
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• 2001

It is a very important problem that we grasp the accurate position at car navigation system. The GPS has used for knowing position because of accumulating few errors, but it have errors that are Tropospheric error, ionospheric error and Multipath error and so on. In this paper, We estimate moving position of a vehicle by Kalman filter using initial value after deducing the line equation using initial value and target value of map data. Then, we compensate GPS errors compare estimated poing with GPS errors. The experimental results have shown that are compared position data during real travel with compensated position data which are got after applying the algorithm ...

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2023

The ionosphere acts as the largest error source in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal transmission. Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is also easily affected by changes in the space environment, such as solar activity and geomagnetic storms. In this study, we analyze changes in the regional ionosphere using the Qusai-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), a regional satellite navigation system. Observations from 9 GNSS stations in South Korea are used for estimating the QZSS TEC. In addition, the performance of QZSS TEC is analyzed with observations from day of year (DOY) 199 to 206, 2023. To verify the performance of our results, we compare the estimated QZSS TEC and CODE Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) at the same location. Our results are in good agreement with the GIM product provided by the CODE over this period, with an averaged difference of approximately 0.1 TECU and a root mean square (RMS) value of 2.89 TECU.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2016

The ionospheric error, which is one of many error elements considered during the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning, is hard to be predicted due to the influence of geomagnetic activity and irregular solar activities. Thus, the present study analyzed a change pattern in the ionosphere through Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) data for 12 years from 2003 to 2014 and a variation in the Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) between Sinuiju and Busan which was the longest range in the southeastern direction of the Korean Peninsula. The variation in the STEC verified the diurnal, annual, and solar cycle variations due to the influence of solar activity. The diurnal variation was characterized that the variation in the STEC started to increase from 6-7 am and reached the maximum at 13-14 pm followed by being decreased. The seasonal variation was characterized that the variation in the STEC was high in spring and autumn whereas it was low in summer and winter. The solar cycle variation revealed that the variation in the STEC increased during solar maximum and decreased during solar minimum. The variation in the STEC was up to 20 Total Electron Content Unit (TECU) during the solar minimum and up to 60 TECU during solar maximum.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.355-360
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• 1998

A small package of plasma instruments, Space Physics Sensor, will monitor the space environment and its effects on microelectronics in the low altitude region as it operates on board the KOMPSAT-1 from 1999 over the maximum of the solar cycle 23. The Space Physics Sensor (SPS) consists of two parts: the Ionospheric Measurement Sensor (IMS) and the High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD). IMS will make in situ Measurements of the thermal electron density and temperature, and is expected to provide a global map of the thermal electron characteristics and the variability according to the solar and geomagnetic activity in the high altitude ionosphere of the KOMPSAT-t orbit. HEPD will measure the fluxes of high energy protons and electrons, monitor the single event upsets caused by these energetic charged particles, and give the information of the total radiation dose received by the spacecraft. The continuous operation of these sensors, along with the ground measurements such as incoherent scatter radars, digital ionosondes and other spacecraft measurements, will enhance our understanding of this important region of practical use for the low earth orbit satellites.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2012

기상청 국가기상위성센터에서는 우주기상 업무의 일환으로 국내 GNSS 관측자료를 이용한 기상 및 우주기상 활용체계를 구축하였다. 본 연구에서는 국내 GNSS 관측망 자료를 이용한 준실시간 전리권 총전자밀도(TEC) 산출 시스템을 소개하고 산출된 결과를 제시하고자 한다. 국가기상위성센터의 준실시간 전리권 총전자밀도 산출 시스템에서는 국가지리정보원, 한국천문연구원, 위성항법 중앙사무소 및 기상청, 총 80여개의 GNSS 관측자료를 수집하고, 수집된 자료에 대하여 24시간 시간 창 기법(Time Windowing Method)을 적용하여 각 지점별 전리권 TEC 자료를 매시간 산출하고, 산출된 각 지점별 IPP(Ionospheric Pierce Point)에서의 TEC 값을 반스 내삽(Barnes Interpolation)을 사용하여 한반도 상공의 전리권 총전자밀도 격자자료를 생성하였다. 생성된 TEC 격자값을 IGS(International GNSS Service)에서 제공하는 전지구 전리권 총전자밀도 지도와 비교한 결과 한반도 상공의 전리권 상태를 더 잘 기술할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2002

Magsat 인공위성의 자력계로부터 관측된 동아시아 (동경90도-50도, 남위10도-북위50도) 암권의 자기이상을 추출하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 ring current correction, ionospheric correction, pass-by-pass correlation등을 실시하였고, 위성트랙 잡음을 효율적으로 제거하기 위한 spectral reconstruction을 실시하였다. 최종적으로 추출된 자기이상의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해 항공자기이상과 대비하였고, 이를 위해 항공자기이상에 low-pass필터를 적용하여 인공위성 고도에서 관측 불가능한 고주파성분을 제거하였다. 결과적으로 위성자기이상과 항공자기이상은 0.243의 비교적 낮은 상관관계를 보이나 연구지역내 많은 부분에서 양(+)의 상관관계를 갖고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 일반적으로 낮은 상관계수는 각 주파수별 성분의 양과 음의 장관계수가 혼합되어 나타나며, 따라서 본 연구와 같은 포텐셜상의 경우에는 이상체의 심도 및 누중 때문에 양과 음의 상관관계를 갖는 이상체를 분류하는 것이 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 인공위성 자력계 관측값으로부터 연구지역 암권의 자기이상을 성공적으로 추출하였으며 항공자기이상과도 양호한 상관관계를 갖고 있음이 밝혀졌다.