• 제목/요약/키워드: Ionic Surfactant

검색결과 185건 처리시간 0.029초

음이온계 유화제를 분리/회수하기 위한 역삼투 공정에서 막의 이온특성과 용질농도에 따른 투과거동의 변화 (Permeation behavior with the ionic Characteristic of charged membrane and solute concentration in revers osmosis process for separation of anionic surfactant)

  • 이상학;염충균;송해영;이정민
    • 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국막학회 1998년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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    • pp.153-155
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    • 1998
  • PTFE 합성공정에서 대량으로 사용하는 고가의 음이온계 유화제를 분리/회수하는 것은 경제적인 문제 뿐만 아니라 환경적으로도 매우 중요하다. 음이온계 유화제의 회수에는 Water-evaporation, ion-exchange, freezing, electrodialysis등의 방법을 사용할 수 있다. 그러나 회수에 드는 경비가 높고 장치가 복잡하다는 단점이 잇다. 반\ulcorner에 막분리 공정은 장치가 간단하고 상대적으로 경비가 적게 든다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 음이온계 유화제를 분리/회수하기 위해서 역삼투 공정을 사용하였다. 그러나 역삼투 공정과 같이 압력을 분리의 구동력으로 하는 막분리 공정에서는 농도분극 및 막오염 현상에 의한 투과량의 감소가 심각하게 일어나며 전체적으로 막분리 공정의 경제성을 떨어뜨리는 주된 요인이 된다. 특히 이온성 막을 사용할 경우 막과 이온성 용질간의 정전기적 포텐셜이 화학적 포텐셜과 함께 투과분리의 구동력을 이루게 되므로 투과거동이 매우 달라지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 막 재료의 이온특성과 음이온성 용질의 농도에 따른 막오염 현상의 관찰 및 이것이 투과거동에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 이를 위해 Sodium alginate, Chitosan, Poly(vinyl alcohol)을 이용하여 각각 음이온성, 양이온성, 중성 막을 제조하여 투과거동을 관찰하였다.

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Effects of Polyelectrolytes on the Charge Transfer Complexing between Indole derivatives and Methylviologen: Hydrophobic and Electrostatic Interactions

  • Park, Joon-Woo;Hwang, Book-Kee
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.145-148
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    • 1985
  • The effect of anionic polyelectrolytes, poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(vinylsulfonate) (PVS), on the charge transfer complexing between indole derivatives and methyl viologen($MV^{++}$) cation was investigated. The results were compared with effect of NaCl and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Both PSS and PVS enhanced the complex formation of neutral species (indole and indole acetate at low pH), zwitter ionic tryptophan, and positively charged tryptamine and tryptophan at low pH with $MV^{++}$. This result was attributed to the contribution of hydrophobic interaction, in addition to electrostatic interaction. The enhancing effect of PSS was much higher than that of PVS reflecting the higher hydrophobicity of PSS. The interaction between indole acetate anion and $MV^{++}$ was greatly reduced by addition of PVS and PSS. The higher charge density of PVS was appeared as greater reducing effect indicating the importance of electrostatic force in this case. In all cases, the effect of polyelectrolytes showed maxima, and further addition of PVS and PSS decreased the effect. This behavior was explained in terms of distribution of indole derivatives and $MV^{++}$ in domain of polyanions. The complex formation constants and molar absorptivities of complexes were determined, and the values were compared with those in water and SDS solutions.

Role of Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Molecular Fate of Thyroglobulin and its Regulation by Endogenous Oxidants and Reductants

  • Liu, Xi-Wen;Sok, Dai-Eun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.485-492
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    • 2002
  • The molecular fate of thyroglobulin (Tg) is controlled by oligomerization, a means of storing Tg at high concentrations, and deoligomerization. The oligomerization of bovine Tg are intermolecular reactions that occur through oxidative processes, such as disulfide and dityrosine formation, as well as isopeptide formation; disulfide formation is primarily responsible for Tg oligomerization. Here, the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and/or peroxidase-induced oligomerization of unfolded thyroglobulins, which were prepared by treating bovine Tg with heat, urea or thiol/urea, was investigated using SDS-PAGE analyses. In addition, the enzymatic oligomerization was compared with non-enzymatic oligomerization. The thermally-induced oilgomerization of Tg, dependent on glutathione redox state, was affected by the ionic strength or the presence of a surfactant. Meanwhile, PDI-catalyzed oligomerization, time and pH-dependent, was the most remarkable with unfolded/reduced Tg, which was prepared from a treatment with urea/DTT, while the thermally-unfolded Tg was less sensitive. Similarly, the oligomerization of unfolded/reduced Tg was also mediated by peroxidase. However, PDI showed no remarkable effect on the peroxidase-mediated oligomerization of either the unfolded or unfolded/reduced Tg. Additionally, the reductive deoligomerization of oligomeric Tg was exerted by PDI in an excessively reducing state. Based on these results, it is proposed that PDI catalyzes the oligomerization of Tg through the disulfide linkage and its deoligomerization in the molecular fate, and this process may require a specific molecular form of Tg, optimally unfolded/reduced, in a proper redox state.

Effects of Non-ionic Surfactants on Enzyme Distributions of Rumen Contents, Anaerobic Growth of Rumen Microbes, Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Performances of Lactating Cows

  • Lee, S.S.;Ahn, B.H.;Kim, H.S.;Kim, C.H.;Cheng, K.-J.;Ha, J.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.104-115
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    • 2003
  • A series of experiments was carried out to determine the possibility for the non-ionic surfactant (NIS) as a feed additive for ruminant animals. The effect of the NIS on (1) the enzyme distribution in the rumen fluids of Hereford bulls, (2) the growth of pure culture of rumen bacteria and (3) rumen anaerobic fungi, (4) the ruminal fermentation characteristics of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), and (5) the performances of Holstein dairy cows were investigated. When NIS was added to rumen fluid at the level of 0.05 and 0.1% (v/v), the total and specific activities of cell-free enzymes were significantly (p<0.01) increased, but those of cell-bound enzymes were slightly decreased, but not statistically significant. The growth rates of ruminal noncellulolytic species (Ruminobacter amylophilus, Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella ruminicola and Selenomonas ruminantium) were significantly (p<0.01) increased by the addition of NIS at both concentrations tested. However, the growth rate of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) were slightly increased or not affected by the NIS. In general, NIS appears to effect Gram-negative bacteria more than Gram-positive bacteria; and non-cellulolytic bacteria more than cellulolytic bacteria. The growth rates of ruminal monocentric fungi (Neocallimastix patriciarum and Piromyces communis) and polycentric fungi (Orpinomyces joyonii and Anaeromyces mucronatus) were also significantly (p<0.01) increased by the addition of NIS at all concentrations tested. When NIS was administrated to the rumen of Hanwoo, Total VFA and ammonia-N concentrations, the microbial cell growth rate, CMCase and xylanase activities in the rumen increased with statistical difference (p<0.01), but NIS administration did not affect at the time of 0 and 9 h post-feeding. Addition of NIS to TMR resulted in increased TMR intake and increased milk production by Holstein cows and decreased body condition scores. The NEFA and corticoid concentrations in the blood were lowered by the addition of NIS. These results indicated that the addition of NIS may greatly stimulate the release of some kinds of enzymes from microbial cells, and stimulate the growth rates of a range of anaerobic ruminal microorganisms, and also stimulate the rumen fermentation characteristics and animal performances. Our data indicates potential uses of the NIS as a feed additive for ruminant animals.

염화마그네슘이 있을 때 비스(2,2'-비피리딜)구리(II)-도데실황산나트륨 용액의 전기화학적 거동 (Electrochemical Behavior of Bis(2,2'-Bipyridyl) Copper(II)-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Solution in the Presence of $MgCl_2$)

  • 고영춘;정근호
    • 분석과학
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.126-130
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    • 1997
  • 염화마그네슘이 있을 때 비스(2,2'-비피리딜)구리(II)(${Cu(bpy)_2}^{2+}$)-도데실황산나트륨(SDS)의 전기화학적거동이 고찰되었다. SDS가 존재하지 않을 때에 비해 SDS가 있을 때 ${Cu(bpy)_2}^{2+/1+}$$E_{pa}$$E_{1/2}$값은 양의 방향으로 이동된다. 1.0mM ${Cu(bpy)_2}^{2+}$의 100mM NaCl+27mM $MgCl_2$용액에서, ${\Delta}E_p$대-log[SDS]로 도시되는 두 선을 교차점이 임계미셀농도(CMC)이다. 염화마그네슘이 있을 때, 환원형 ${Cu(bpy)_2}^{1+}$이 산화형 ${Cu(bpy)_2}^{2+}$보다 도데실황산이온과 더욱 쉽게 화합한다. 염화마그네슘 첨가에 의해 이온세기가 증가할수록, 이중층이 더욱 좁아지고 미셀형성이 더욱 어렵게 된다.

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내수성이 우수한 PET 필름용 친수성 코팅액의 제조 (Preparation of Water-Resistant Hydrophilic Coating Solutions for PET film)

  • 이수
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.584-594
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    • 2014
  • 고분자 필름의 표면에 친수성의 증가시키는 것은 그 자기 세정 및/또는 방담 특성을 가지게 하는데 중요한 접근 방법이다. 일반적으로 친수성 표면은 비이온 계면활성제를 코팅하거나 표면에너지를 증가시킴으로써 제조할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 가격이 저렴하고 톨루엔 용제에 잘 용해될 뿐 만아니라 커플링제와 반응할 수 잇는 하이드록시기를 가지고 있는 Tween, Span 및 PEG-PPG 블록공중합체를 선택하여 실험을 수행하였다. 배합 조건에 따라 PET 필름 표면의 친수도에 큰 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 그러나, PET 필름의 표면상에 단순히 이들 계면활성제의 도입은 수세 후에는 높은 내구성을 보여주지 않았다. 내구성을 높이기 위해 에폭시 및 이소시아네이트와 같은 두 종류의 커플링제를 사용하였다. 코팅액에 6 중량 %isophrone 디이소시아네이트 (IPDI)를 함유한 코팅액으로 코팅된 PET 필름 표면의 물에 대한 접촉각은 $8.7^{\circ}$까지 낮아졌으며, 이는 매우 높은 친수성에 대한 간접적인 증거이다. 또한, 코팅된 PET 필름의 광 (파장 500 nm) 투과율 값은 높은 투명 특성을 유지하면서 87%에서 85%로 약간 감소하였다. 이 PET 필름은 자기 세정 특성이 필요한 필름산업에 적합한 소제로 사용될 수 있다.

다탐색(多探索)법을 통한 저자극성 액체 세정제 조성물 개발 (A Low Irritant Liquid Cleanser Composition Developed by Multi-Screening Methods)

  • 김배환;현기안;정지윤;윤삼숙;강한철;박선희;고강일;김기호
    • 대한화장품학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.51-58
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    • 2005
  • 세정제에 널리 상용화되어 있는 알킬에톡시설페이트 계의 음이온 계면활성제는 피부 흡착의 특성 때문에 충분히 헹구어 내지 않으면 피부에 잔존되어 자극의 원인이 되어 염증 반응을 일으키게 된다. 따라서 기존의 음이온 계면활성제를 대체 또는 보완하기 위해 기존의 계면활성제들을 단백질 변성 실험, 세포 독성 그리고 IL-1$\alpha$ 측정을 통해 선별하였다. 본 연구는 저자극성의 음이온 또는 비이온, 양쪽성 이온의 14종의 계면활성제와 민감성 피부를 위해 제조된 13종의 기존 세정제 제품에 대한 세포독성을 실시하여, 가장 독성이 낮은 계면활성제로 sodium laureth sulfate (음이온), sodium cocoyl isethionate (음이온), sodium lauroamphoacetate (양성이온), cocamidopropyl betaine (양성이온), alkyl polyglycoside (비이온)가 선택되었고 2종의 기존 세정제 제품을 비교 제형으로 선택하였다. 5종의 계면활성제를 20종의 formulation으로 제조하여 단백질 변성( <3M SLS ($13.2\%$)), 세포독성 실험 및 폐첩포 실험을 통하여 다시 5종을 선별하였다. 이들 제형을 진피 배양으로 세포독성 및 IL-1$\alpha$ 방춘량을 조사하여 가장 자극이 낮은 계면활성제 제형을 선택하였으며, 첨가된 계면활성제의 자극을 완화하기 위하여 항염과 보습 효과가 우수한 마치현 추출물($3\%,\;5\%$)과 fructan ($3\%,\;5\%$)을 농도별로 첨가한 제형을 제조하여 가장 안전성이 뛰어난 농도를 선택하였다. 최종적으로 선택된 제형 5번을 3차원 세포 배양을 통한 인공피부를 이용하여 가장 자극이 낮게 나타난 기존의 제품들과 세포 독성 및 IL-1$\alpha$ 방출량을 비교 조사하여 저자극성의 액체 세정제를 개발하였다.

윤활유 유래 철도 오염토양의 정화방법 연구 (Feasibility Study on Remediation for Railroad-contaminated Soil with Waste-lubricant)

  • 박성우;신민철;전칠성;백기태;이재영
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 철도 윤활유 유래 오염토양을 정화하기 위해 토양세척방법, 화학적 산화법, 초음파 추출법의 타당성을 연구하였다. 세척제로는 tergitol이 사용되었으며, 세척실험은 보조용매인 iso-propyl alcohol을 사용하여 진행되었다. Tergitol이 디젤오염토양의 세척에는 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으나, 윤활유 오염토양의 세척에는 효과적이지 못했다. iso-propyl alcohol을 보조용매로 사용한 경우 계면활성제의 토양 흡착을 증가시켜 오히려 세척효율이 감소하였다. 화학적 산화방법은 윤활유의 약 30% 정도만 제거할 수 있었다. 화학적 산화처리후 계면활성제에 의한 토양세척을 통해 약 16-17%의 추가적인 윤활유의 세척효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 초음파는 토양세척의 효과를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 TPH 오염 철도 토양의 오염원에 따라 다른 방법을 적용하야 한다.

CaCl2/EDTA 및 비이온성 계면활성제 활용 Inclusion Body 정제법을 이용한 BA-RGD 단백질의 생산 (Simple Purification of BA-RGD Protein Based on CaCl2/EDTA Treatment and Inclusion Body Washing)

  • 송우호;변창우;윤민호;엄지훈;최유성
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.291-295
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    • 2015
  • The limited productivity of natural shell matrix proteins has hampered the investigation of their biochemical properties and practical applications, although biominerals in nature obtained by organic-inorganic assemblies have attractive mechanical and biological properties. Here, we prepared a vector for the expression of a fusion protein of a shell matrix protein from Pinctada fucata (named as GRP_BA) with the GRGDSP residue. The fusion protein of BA-RGD was simply produced in E. coli and purified through sequential steps including the treatment with $CaCl_2$ and EDTA solution for cell membrane washing, mechanical cell disruption and the application of non-ionic surfactant of Triton X-100 for BA-RGD inclusion body washing. The production yield was approximately 60 mg/L, any other protein band was not observed in SDS-PAGE and it was estimated that above 97% endotoxin was removed compared to the endotoxin level of whole cell. This study showed this simple and easy purification approach could be applied to the purification of BA-RGD fusion protein. It is expected that the protein could be utilized for the preparation of biominerals in practical aspects.

Ultrasonic-assisted Micellar Extraction and Cloud-point Pre-concentration of Major Saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri using High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection

  • Suh, Joon-Hyuk;Yang, Dong-Hyug;Han, Sang-Beom
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제32권8호
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    • pp.2637-2642
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    • 2011
  • A new ultrasonic-assisted micellar extraction and cloud-point pre-concentration method was developed for the determination of major saikosaponins, namely saikosaponins -A, -C and -D, in Radix Bupleuri by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). The non-ionic surfactant Genapol X-080 (oligoethylene glycol monoalkyl ether) was chosen as the extraction additive and parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized. The highest yield was obtained with 10% (w/v) Genapol X-080, a liquid/solid ratio of 200:1 (mL/g) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction for 40 min. In addition, the optimum cloud-point pre-concentration was reached with 10% sodium sulfate and equilibration at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Separation was achieved on an Ascentis Express C18 column (100 ${\times}$ 4.6 mm i.d., 2.7 ${\mu}M$) using a binary mobile phase composed of 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile. Saikosaponins were detected by ELSD, which was operated at a $50^{\circ}C$ drift tube temperature and 3.0 bar nebulizer gas ($N_2$) pressure. The water-based solvent modified with Genapol X-080 showed better extraction efficiency compared to that of the conventional solvent methanol. Recovery of saikosaponins ranged from 93.1 to 101.9%. An environmentally-friendly extraction method was successfully applied to extract and enrich major saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri.