• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.637-641
• /
• 2008

The aims of this research were to manufacture tailored powder activated carbon having a higher prechlorate removal efficiency and to compare perchlorate removal efficiency with different carbon materials for applying to the drinking water treatment plant. Activated carbon pre-loaded with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride(CTAC) has been researched to be an effective adsorbent for removing perchlorate in the water. 10,000 mg/L tailored powder activated carbon were manufactured by mixing 5.0 g of powder activated carbon(PAC) into 500 mL of 5,000 mg/L CTAC solution. The tailored powder activated carbon had 10 times higher perchlorate removal efficiency than virgin powder activated carbon. The residual perchlorate gradually decreased with the first 15 minute contact time with the tailored powder activated carbon, however, the longer contact time did not affect perchlorate removal. Tailored powder activated carbon by manufactured with 1,083 mg/g iodine value carbon had almost 4 times higher perchlarate removal efficiency than the 944 mg/g iodine value carbon. Dosage of 5 mg/L tailored powder activated carbon, which can adaptable dosage at the treatment plant, could decrease the perchlorate concentration from 50 $\mu$g/L to 15 $\mu$g/L.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2011

Methods of producing hydrogen include steam reforming, electrochemical decomposition of water, and the SI process. Among these methods, the Sulfur iodine process is one of the most promising processes for hydrogen production. The thermochemical sulfur-iodine (SI) process uses heat from a high-temperature-gas nuclear reactor to produce $H_2$ gas; this process is known for its production of clean energy as it does not emit $CO_2$ from water. But the SI-process takes place in an extremely corrosive environment for the materials. To endure SI environments, the materials for the SI environment will have to have strong corrosion resistance. This work studies the corrosion resistances of the Fe-Si, Ni-Ti and Ni Alloys, which are tested in SI-process environments. Among the SI-process environments, the conditions of boiling sulfuric acid and decomposed sulfuric acid are selected in this study. Before testing in boiling sulfuric acid environments, the specimens of Fe-4.5Si, Fe-6Si, Ni-4.5Si, Ni-Ti-Si-Nb and Ni-Ti-Si-Nb-B are previously given heat treatment at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs. The reason for this heat treatment is that those specimens have a passive film on the surface. The specimens are immersed for 3~14 days in 98wt% boiling sulfuric acid. Corrosion rates are measured by using the weight change after immersion. The corrosion rates of the Fe-6Si and Ni-Ti-Si-Nb-B are found to decrease as the time passes. The corrosion rates of Fe-6si and Ni-Ti-Si-Nb-B are measured at 0.056 mm/yr and 0.16 mm/yr, respectively. Hastelloy-X, Alloy 617, Alloy 800H and Haynes 230 are tested in the decomposed sulfuric acid for one day. Alloy 800H was found to show the best corrosion resistance among the materials. The corrosion rate of Alloy 800H is measured at -0.35 mm/yr. In these results, the corrosion resistance of materials depends on the stability of the oxide film formed on the surface. After testing in boiling sulfuric acid and in decomposed sulfuric acid environments, the surfaces and compositions of specimens are analyzed by SEM and EDX.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 1977

Radioactive iodine(RAI), principally $^{131}I$, effectively controls hyperthyroidism in the majority of patients. The subsequent development of hypothyroidism, however, has been of increasing concern since it was first pointed out by Chapman and Maloof in 1955. And the steady increase of late hypothyroidism during the passage of time was known with its relation with dosage of RAI. The authors have investigated the development of hypothyroidism in 935 patients with diffuse toxic goiter(DTG) who were treated with ($RAI^{131}I$) at the Seoul National University Hospital from 1960 to 1977 to reveal its relation with the number of RAI treatments, dosage of RAI, age of patients and exophthalmos with the following results. 1) The incidence of hypothyroidism by year after RAI therapy among 631 patients with DTG who were treated with single RAI regimen was 7.4%(1 year), 11.8%(2 year), 16.2%(3 year), 22.1%(4 year) and 25.5%(5 year), and that among 163 patients given multiple RAI treatments was 8.6%(1 year), 10.4%(2 year), 13.3%(3 year), 29.1%(4 year), and 54.1%(5 year)respectively showing much higher year1y increments from 4 years after RAI treatment. in comparison with the former. 2) Among 550 patients in the lower dose group treated with single RAI regimen less than 5.0mCi ($Mean{\pm}S.D.:\;4.3{\pm}0.6mCi$), the incidence of hypothyroidism by year after RAI treatment was 6.8%(1 year), 11.4%(2 year), 15.4%(3 year), while among 81 patients in the higher dose group given single RAI treatment not less than 5.5 mCi ($Mean{\pm}S.D.:\;6.3{\pm}0.5mCi$) it was 12.0%(1 year), 15.4%(2 year) and 20.4%(3 year) respectively. However, the duration till euthyroid state after RAI therapy in the two groups was $5.1{\pm}3.6$ months and $4.8{\pm}2.8$ months respectively showing no statistically signficant difference (p>0.1). 4) The incidence of hypothyroidism after RAI treatment in patients younger than 30 years of age was 4.3%(1 year) and 7.7%(2 year); in patients from 30 years to 49 years of age, 5.8%(1 year) and 11.1%(2 year); and in those older than 50 years, 11.0%(1 year) and 14.4%(2 year). The data revealed rising incidence of hypothyroidism with increase of patients' age. 4) Among 116 patients with exophthalmos the incidence of hypothyroidism by year after RAI treatment was 7.1%(1 year) and 12.1%(2 year) while that among 184 patients without exophthalmos was 7.3%(1 year) and 12.2%(2 year) respectively. With the above data the authors could conclude that the hypothyroidism in patients with DTG who were treated by RAI developed more frequently than reported by others in Korea till now, and increased with the passage of time, the yearly increments from 4 years after RAI treatment increasing markedly in the multiple dose group, and the incidence could be reduced by decreasing the administered RAI doe not increasing the duration till euthyroid state after RAI therapy.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1975

The serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH) were measured by means of radioimmunoassay, in 98 cases of normal controls, 51 cases of hyperthyroidism, 80 cases of primary hypothyroidism and 4 cases of secondary hypothyroidism to evaluate the diagnostic significance in various functional states of the thyroid. The obtained data were analyzed in correlation with other thyroid function test values in various phases of the functional thyroid diseases. The results were as follows: 1) The serum TSH concentration in normal control group was $<1.3{\sim}8.0{\mu}U/ml$. 2) The measurement of serum TSH was more significant in diagnostic accuracy compared with that of serum $T_4(75.0{\pm}12.2%)$. Free $T_4$ Index ($64.2{\pm}15.2%$), serum $T_3(41.0{\pm}21.0%)\;or\;T_3$ resin uptake ($41.1{\pm}15.8%$) in evaluation of primary hypothyroidism. 3) In case of overt hypothyroidism, the serum TSH and $T_4$ were both abnormal, compatible with the clinical diagnosis, while in case of preclinical or mild hypothyroidism, the serum $T_4(41.2{\pm}23.8%)\;or\;50.0{\pm}25.0%)$ was much less reliable than serum TSH. 4) In the treatment of primary hypothyroidism with desiccated thyroid, the administration of 1 grain of the hormone per day was sufficient to suppress the serum concentration of TSH to normal range. It showed that the measurement of serum TSH concentration was a significant criteria in evaluating the efficiency of the treatment of hypothyroidism. 5) The measurement of serum TSH concentration is a very significant method in the early detection of hypothyroidism induced during or after the treatment of the hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drugs or radioactive Iodine ($^{131}I$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.596-602
• /
• 1993

The Characteristics of Shinsunchalbyeo(Japonica) and Hangangchalbyeo($J{\times}Idica$) starches including physicochemical properties, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and enzymatic digestion of lintnerized starches were investigated. Degree of hydrolysis of Hangangchalbyeo starch with 2.2N HCI for 48hr was higher than that of shinsunchalbyeo starch. Absorbance at ${\lambda}_{max}$ 680nm, and ${\lambda}_{max}$ of iodine stained starch decreased upon acid treatment. But water binding capacity, swelling power and solubility considerably increased as hydrolysis progressed. Relative crystallinity of two starches increased with acid treatment, and that of Shinsunchalbyeo starch was higher than that of Hangangchalbyeo starch. DSC data continuously decreased for lintnerization periods, and those of Shinsunchalbyeo starch. DSC data continuously decreased for lintnerization periods, and those of Shinsunchalbyeo starch have higher than those of Hangangchalbyeo starch. The onset temperature of starch by DSC continuously decreased by treatment, but conclusion temperature increased until 24hr and then decreased. The enthalpy for gelatinization decreased for both starches. Degree of hydrolysis of lintnerized Shinsunchalbyeo starch with glucoamylase was slightly higher than that of Hangangchalbyeo starch.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.3919-3925
• /
• 2015

When a patient with thyroid cancer is released from isolation after I-131 treatment and return to home using a vehicle, travel time should be controlled to reduce the amount of radiation to accompanying person. As the calculation of appropriate travel time is difficult, there is no patient-specific guideline until now. If we assume that there is no excretion and no physical decay during the relatively short travel time, calculation become quite simple; total radiation dose = dose rate ${\times}$ travel time. Results of this simple calculation and conventional calculation were compared using datum from 120 patients. Travel time calculated by simple method was 56% of conventional method in 0.3 m, 91% in 0.5 m and 96% in 1 m. Simple method was safe. It can be applied easily and also can be applied to the patients with hyperthyroidism treated by I-131.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.271-275
• /
• 1972

Effects of solvent extraction by immersion on the quality and storage stability of Korean rice were studied. Proportions of lipid extracted from whole grain of rice by immersing into two volumes(v/wt) of hexane and ethanol for 72 hours at room temperature were 0.41% and 0.38% respectively. Small changes of water content and hardness of rice were observed by solvent treatment. Cooking characteristics; that is, water-uptake ratio. extended volume, total solid, and starch-iodine blue test of rice was markedly changed by ethanol treatment, while little changes were observed by hexane treatment. No considerable differences in moisture sorption isotherm of rice were observed by both solvent treatments. Changes in TBA number and stale flavor appearance of rice treated with or without solvent immersion during storage at $60^{\circ}C$ showed that rice treated with hexane had best storage stability compared to ethanol treatment, while ethanol treatment of rice had better storage stability than no treatment. Similar results were noted in changes of the flavor score of cooked rice samples which were freeze dried.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.107-118
• /
• 2000

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of radioiodine treatment for metastatic thyroid carcinoma, we reviewed results of radioactive iodine treatment in patients with functional lung or bone metastases. Materials and Methods: Of 760 patients who were treated for differentiated thyroid cancer between 1984 and 1998, we detected pulmonary metastases and bone metastases in 76 patients (10.0%) and 20 patients (2.6%), respectively. Among them, we could evaluate the effectiveness of I-131 therapy in 53 patients with lung metastases and 15 patients with bone metastases. Results: Of 53 patients who received I-131 therapy with a mean cumulative dose of 26.2 GBq (1.1-84.4 GBq) for pulmonary metastases, metastatic lung lesions completely resolved in 19 patients (35.8%) and improved in 22 patients (41.5%). In 13 of 19 patients with complete remission of pulmonary metastases, the total accumulated dose of I-131 was less than 18.5 GBq. We found 43 sites of metastatic bone lesions in 15 patients with bone metastases. Of 29 lesions which received I-131 therapy, metastatic lesions improved in 14 sites (48.3%), but did not change or progress in 15 sites (51.7%) despite the I-131 therapy. Three lesions were completely cured with a combination treatment of surgery(${\pm}$ external radiotherapy) and I-131 therapy, and the other 11 lesions improved. Conclusion: Radioactive iodine treatment gives favorable results for pulmonary metastases. However, for bone metastases, there might be a need to use combination therapy including I-131 and surgery or external irradiation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.285-293
• /
• 2000

Purpose: A prospective comparison was made between imaging with Tc-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m) and Ioine-131 (I-131) for the detection of residual and metastatic tissue after total thyroidectomy in patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Initially our patients had imaging with Tc-99m, followed by I-131 within 3 days. The study included 21 patients who had ablation with high dose of I-131 ranging from 100 mCi to 150 mCi. Planar and pinhole images were acquired for both Tc-99m and I-131. Diagnostic images of Tc-99m and I-131 were compared with post-therapy images. Degree of uptake on Tc-99m and I-131 images was scored by four point scale and compared. Results: The results of the Tc-99m study were: 16 of 19 studies (84%) were positive on simple planar images, but 19 of 20 studies (95%) were positive on pinhole images. Conventional I-131 diagnostic imaging on the other hand showed that all studies (100%) were positive on both planar and pinhole images. There was a significant difference in degree of uptake between Tc-99m and I-131 planar images (p<0.05). Only one case of Tc-99m scintigraphy was negative on both planar and pinhole studies (false negative). There was no distant metastasis on the therapeutic I-131 images. Conclusion: Tc-99m scan using pinhole in certain clinical situations is an alternative to the I-131 scan in detecting thyroid or lymph node metastasis prior to the first ablative treatment after thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.1125-1131
• /
• 1997

Occult papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid is known to be indolent, slow metastatic, and has a good prognosis. Occult thyroid carcinoma presenting as a blood-borne metastasis without obvious cervical lymph node involvement is extremely rare. A 65-year-old male patient was visited for hoarseness, dysphagia, and shortness of breath. Bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed a papillary carcinoma of thyroid by immunohistochemical staining. Head & neck CT revealed that involving both the upper esophagus and the posterior tracheal wall, extending into the mediastinum along the upper thoracic spine at $T_1-T_2$. We have experienced a rare case of occult papillary carcinoma which invaded the trachea, esophagus and fascia of thoracic spine. Treatment was initiated with radioactive iodine and external bean therapy.