• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.550-556
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• 2017

Due to the rapid growth and development of Internet of Things (IoT), various devices are now accessible and controllable anytime from anywhere. However, the current IoT system requires a series of complex steps (e.g., launch an application, choose a space and thing, control the thing, etc.) to control the IoT devices; therefore, IoT suffers from a lack of efficient and intuitive methods of interacting with users. To address this problem, we propose a novel IoT control framework based on IoT tags and social messages. The proposed system provides an intuitive and efficient way to control the device based on the device ownership: 1) users can easily control the device by IoT tagging, or 2) users can send an IoT social message to the device owner to request control of the tagged device. Through the development of the prototype system, we show that the proposed system provides an efficient and intuitive way to control devices in the IoT environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.602-608
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• 2020

Development of Internet technology and the spread of various smart devices provide a convenient computing environment for people, which is becoming common thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT). However, attacks by hackers have caused various problems, such as leaking personal information or violating privacy. In the IoT environment, various smart devices are connected, and network attacks that are used in the PC environment are occurring frequently in the IoT. In fact, security incidents such as conducting DDoS attacks by hacking IP cameras, leaking personal information, and monitoring unspecified numbers of personal files without consent are occurring. Although attacks in the existing Internet environment are PC-oriented, we can now confirm that smart devices such as IP cameras and tablets can be targets of network attacks. Through performance evaluation, the proposed protocol shows 11% more energy efficiency on servers than RSA, eight times greater energy efficiency on clients than Kerberos, and increased efficiency as the number of devices increases. In addition, it is possible to respond to a variety of security threats that might occur against the network. It is expected that efficient operations will be possible if the proposed protocol is applied to the IoT environment.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is at the forefront of present and future research activities. The huge amount of sensing data from IoT devices needing to be processed is increasing dramatically in volume, variety, and velocity. In response, cloud computing was involved in handling the challenges of collecting, storing, and processing jobs. The fog computing technology is a model that is used to support cloud computing by implementing pre-processing jobs close to the end-user for realizing low latency, less power consumption in the cloud side, and high scalability. However, it may be that some resources in fog computing networks are not suitable for some kind of jobs, or the number of requests increases outside capacity. So, it is more efficient to decrease sending jobs to the cloud. Hence some other fog resources are idle, and it is better to be federated rather than forwarding them to the cloud server. Obviously, this issue affects the performance of the fog environment when dealing with big data applications or applications that are sensitive to time processing. This research aims to build a fog topology job scheduling (FTJS) to schedule the incoming jobs which are generated from the IoT devices and discover all available fog nodes with their capabilities. Also, the fog topology job placement algorithm is introduced to deploy jobs into appropriate resources in the network effectively. Finally, by comparing our result with the state-of-art first come first serve (FCFS) scheduling technique, the overall execution time is reduced significantly by approximately 20%, the energy consumption in the cloud side is reduced by 18%.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.684-690
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• 2017

Researchers have suggested several methods for utilizing various kinds of services in an Internet of Things (IoT) environment. These methods require users to learn some new kinds of tools or expertise in programming. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm, which allows end-users to build IoT-service mashups based on a presentation-authoring scheme. We have also included a framework for this procedure. The design of a mashup model in this framework was based on a task-oriented service framework. Users can build a mashup of this framework in the presentation-file format, convert it into a service flow, and deploy it for running in an IoT environment. In addition, we use a case study to show how PowMash supports end-users' service mashups in an IoT environment.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.671-678
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• 2019

The semantic information provided through the semantic-based IoT system will produce new high value-added products that are completely different from what we have known and experienced. From this point of view, the key issue of current IoT technology and applications is the development of an intelligent IoT platform architecture. The proposed system collects the IoT data of the sensors from the cloud computer, converts them into RDF, and annotates them with semantics. The converted semantic data is shared and utilized through the ontology repository. We use KT's IoTMakers as a cloud computing environment, and the ontology repository uses Jena's Fuseki server to express SPARQL query results on the web using Daum Map API and Highcharts API. This gives people the opportunity to access the semantic IoT mash-up service easily and has various application possibilities.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.55-60
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• 2020

This study aims to apply Arduino and 3D printing technology considered as a key subject in the age of 4th industrial revolution which is a step 1 for customizing and applying the process of production by chemical molding companies producing environment-friendly biodegradable packaging materials to the 3D printing teaching in universities. Step 3 is applied to IoT for Arduino application, and 3D printing technology is also used on the basis of teaching creative integrated human resource. Integration of Arduino with 3D printers is based on the assumption that middle- and high-school students can learn it step by step to higher levels and university students majoring or not majoring in computing science can also have computing skills for solving 3D printing-based problems. For IoT application in this study, the 3D printing technology is applied to the external shape of products for producing an Arduino-based lighting fixture. The applied 3D printing technology is further extended to teaching modeling of producing packaging materials by chemical product molding companies in the age of 4th industrial revolution.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2022

The neuromorphic architecture uses a spiking neural network (SNN) model to derive more accurate results as more spike values are accumulated through inference experiments. When the inference result converges to a specific value, even if the inference experiment is further performed, the change in the result is smaller and power consumption may increase. In particular, in an AI-based IoT environment, power consumption can be a big problem. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a technique to reduce the power consumption of AI-based IoT by reducing the inference time by adjusting the inference image exposure time in the neuromorphic architecture environment. The proposed technique calculates the next inferred image exposure time by reflecting the change in inference accuracy. In addition, the rate of reflection of the change in inference accuracy can be adjusted with a coefficient value, and an optimal coefficient value is found through a comparison experiment of various coefficient values. In the proposed technique, the inference image exposure time corresponding to the target accuracy is greater than that of the linear technique, but the overall power consumption is less than that of the linear technique. As a result of measuring and evaluating the performance of the proposed method, it is confirmed that the inference experiment applying the proposed method can reduce the final exposure time by about 90% compared to the inference experiment applying the linear method.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

The Internet of things (IoT) is the main advancement in data processing and communication technologies. In IoT, intelligent devices play an exciting role in wireless communication. Although, sensor nodes are low-cost devices for communication and data gathering. However, sensor nodes are more vulnerable to different security threats because these nodes have continuous access to the internet. Therefore, the multiparty security credential-based key generation mechanism provides effective security against several attacks. The key generation-based methods are implemented at sensor nodes, edge nodes, and also at server nodes for secure communication. The main challenging issue in a collaborative key generation scheme is the extensive multiplication. When the number of parties increased the multiplications are more complex. Thus, the computational cost of batch key and multiparty key-based schemes is high. This paper presents a Secure Multipart Key Distribution scheme (SMKD) that provides secure communication among the nodes by generating a multiparty secure key for communication. In this paper, we provide node authentication and session key generation mechanism among mobile nodes, head nodes, and trusted servers. We analyzed the achievements of the SMKD scheme against SPPDA, PPDAS, and PFDA schemes. Thus, the simulation environment is established by employing an NS 2. Simulation results prove that the performance of SMKD is better in terms of communication cost, computational cost, and energy consumption.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2658-2681
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• 2023

In edge computing scenarios, IoT end devices play a crucial role in relaying and forwarding data to significantly improve IoT network performance. However, traditional routing mechanisms are not applicable to this scenario due to differences in network size and environment. Therefore, it becomes crucial to establish an effective and reliable data transmission path to ensure secure communication between devices. In this paper, we propose a trusted path selection strategy that comprehensively considers multiple attributes, such as link stability and edge cooperation, and selects a stable and secure data transmission path based on the link life cycle, energy level, trust level, and authentication status. In addition, we propose the Stability-based On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (STAOMDV) protocol based on the Ad hoc AOMDV protocol. The STAOMDV protocol implements the collection and updating of link stability attributes during the route discovery and maintenance process. By integrating the STAOMDV protocol with the proposed path selection strategy, a dependable and efficient routing mechanism is established for IoT networks in edge computing scenarios. Simulation results validate that the proposed STAOMDV model achieves a balance in network energy consumption and extends the overall network lifespan.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.974-987
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• 2018

This paper presents a novel and efficient data transmission scheme based on mobile edge computing for the massive IoT environments which should support various type of services and devices. Based on an accurate and precise synchronization process, it maximizes data transmission throughput, and consistently maintains a flow's latency. To this end, the proposed efficient software defined data transmission scheme (ESD-DTS) configures and utilizes synchronization zones in accordance with the 4 usage cases, which are end node-to-end node (EN-EN), end node-to-cloud network (EN-CN), end node-to-Internet node (EN-IN), and edge node-to-core node (EdN-CN); and it transmit the data by the required service attributes, which are divided into 3 groups (low-end group, medium-end group, and high-end group). In addition, the ESD-DTS provides a specific data transmission method, which is operated by a buffer threshold value, for the low-end group, and it effectively accommodates massive IT devices. By doing this, the proposed scheme not only supports a high, medium, and low quality of service, but also is complied with various 5G usage scenarios. The essential difference between the previous and the proposed scheme is that the existing schemes are used to handle each packet only to provide high quality and bandwidth, whereas the proposed scheme introduces synchronization zones for various type of services to manage the efficiency of each service flow. Performance evaluations show that the proposed scheme outperforms the previous schemes in terms of throughput, control message overhead, and latency. Therefore, the proposed ESD-DTS is very suitable for upcoming 5G networks in a variety of massive IoT environments with supporting mobile edge computing (MEC).