• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.151-174
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• 2021

This paper empirically examines whether and how inward foreign direct investment (FDI) affected industrial productivity in Korea during the 2000-2016 period, based on dynamic panel data of inflow FDI on an arrival basis from 427 manufacturing industries. The paper adds to the literature by analyzing whether both technology spillovers and industrial restructuring from inward FDI can differ according to industrial characteristics such as capital intensity, imported intermediate inputs, and tariffs. The empirical results show that the overall effects of inward FDI on total factor productivity (TFP) were statistically insignificant in general. However, the positive effects of inward FDI on productivity became statistically significant for industries with lower tariffs. Capital intensity were not involved in the relationship between inward FDI and productivity. Thus, the paper highlights that the results in previous studies with inward FDI on a notification basis were overestimated and inward FDI policies in Korea should focus on channels such as trade liberalization and the redistribution of production factors rather than capital accumulation.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.35-58
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• 2020

Purpose - This study examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) location choice for Chinese firms, focusing on the agglomeration effect for firms of the same nationality. Design/methodology - The empirical data are China's inward FDI from the top 19 economies (excluding tax havens and Taiwan) in terms of FDI during 1997-2015 and China's outward FDI from the top 18 economies (excluding tax havens). This study uses a random effects generalized least squares model for panel data analysis. Findings - The results confirm that both host countries' costs and market conditions and the degree of agglomeration affect these countries' attractiveness for FDI inflows. Specifically, agglomeration has a significant effect on China's inward and outward FDI. This study confirms that the agglomeration of firms of the same nationality has predictive power for multinational enterprises' FDI location choices. The host countries' real GDP and trade openness also positively affect FDI inflows. Interestingly, however, China's production cost has a positive effect. Thus, inward FDI aimed at entering the Chinese market is increasing in recent years relative to the previous efficiency-seeking FDI. Inward FDI in China is therefore the market-entry type, whereas outward FDI by Chinese firms is the market-oriented type. Originality/value - These results suggest that the effects of the potential determinants of Chinese outward FDI are similar to those of inward FDI as China's trade liberalization progresses.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2020

Purpose - In this paper, we provide recommendations for Korea's long-term direction and strategic measures to attract inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in response to Japan's export regulations. In doing so, we analyze the current situation and characteristics of trade between Korea and Japan, focusing on the parts and materials industry, which is particularly affected by Japan's trade regulations. Design/methodology - Based on the analysis of five successful inward FDI cases (e.g. Toray, IGK, Delkor, GlobalWafers, DuPont) and statistic trend review in the parts and materials industry, we consider various factors pertaining to successful inward FDI in Korea and propose valuable investment attraction strategies. Findings - For a successful investment attraction strategy, we studied some statistical trends in the internal and external environments of the parts and materials industry and successful investment attraction cases in Korea. We have found that in order to increase the probability of success in attracting investment, we need a mid-to long-term strategy considering multiple factors such as "Production-oriented, Demand-linked, Global Value Chain (VGC) linked, and Policy-linked investment attraction." Originality/value - We suggest several specific measures and important strategic implications for the Korean government and firm's managers to attract inward FDI successfully.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2021

파키스탄은 남아시아의 상서로운 개발도상국이다. 국제투명성기구(Transparency International)의 2020년 부패인식지수 보고서에 따르면 파키스탄은 0(최저)에서 100(최고)까지의 정치적 안정성 측면에서 전 세계적으로 총 31점으로 124위, -2.25점으로 188위를 기록했다. 더 결정적으로, 파키스탄에 대한 외국인 직접 투자의 유입은 2008년과 2019년 사이에 감소했다. 정치적 불안정과 정부 부패는 외국인 직접 투자와 양의 선형 관계와 음의 선형 관계를 모두 가지고 있지만, 본 연구에서는 시간이 지남에 따라 정치적 불안정과 외국인 직접 투자 사이의 정부 부패의 완화된 영향을 테스트했다. 또한 같은 국가의 여러 정치 체제에서 정치적 불안정과 외국인 직접 투자 사이의 관계를 테스트했다. 따라서, 본 연구의 결과는 권위주의 정권이 민주적 정부 기간보다 더 많은 외국인 직접 투자를 유치했음을 시사하였다. 더욱이, 우리는 그 나라에서 정부의 부패가 심할 때 외국인 직접 투자가 적다는 것을 발견했다. 그러나 정부의 부패는 정치적 불안정과 외국인 직접 투자(FDI) 사이의 긍정적인 관계를 약화시켰다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.391-408
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• 2009

This study first designates the factors affecting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in order to analyze the FDI in Korea, and calculates the Korean FDI index by using various designated variables and by applying Factor Analysis Technique. In addition, it attempts to understand the influence wielded by the foreign investment variables of foreign multinationals on FDI in Korea, by setting to analyze & verify Environmental Factors and the overall model based on FDI in Korea. Through an emprical analysis of USA, Japan, EU, China, as our hypothesis, we could verify that the positive effects(+) among the decisive factors of FDI in Korea include the market size, the mean earning rate of domestic manufacturing industries, and the marketing capacities of foreign corporations, while the negative effects(-) include the ratio of taxation on domestic manufacturing industries. Other FDI factors have various effects on each, so some factors show the same effects as the hypothesis while others show separate effects. In addition, the only nation for which the effects of FDI factors in Korea coincide with the hypothesis completely is the USA, while other nations (such as Japan, EU, China) have some effects that conform to the hypothesis, but other effects do not accord with it.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.231-248
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• 2014

외국인직접투자는 지역경제성장에 매우 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 우리나라는 외환위기를 맞이하면서 외국인직접투자촉진법을 제정하였고, 중앙정부 및 지방정부는 외국인투자지역이나 경제자유구역을 지정하고 적극적으로 외국인투자 유치를 위해 다양한 인센티브를 제공해왔다. 서비스 부문의 비중이 높았던 외국인 직접투자가 2009년에는 오히려 제조업 부문으로의 투자가 더 많아졌다. 본 연구는 1999~2012년 동안 공장형 외국계 제조업체를 대상으로 하여 우리나라의 저렴한 전기요금 및 느슨한 환경규제가 외국계 제조업체의 투자 유인으로 작용하였는가를 살펴보는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 관련 기관 및 외국계 기업체 담당자들과 심층면담을 수행하였다. 연구 결과 우리나라의 저렴한 산업용 전기요금과 안정적인 전기 공급은 외국계 기업들이 한국으로 투자를 하도록 유인하는 것으로 파악되었다. 정부는 저렴한 전기요금이 외국인직접투자를 끌어드리는데 있어서 경쟁적 요소라고 간주하고 있어, 전기 다소비 업종들이 우리나라로의 투자를 증가시키는 잠재적 요인으로 작용할 가능성이 매우 크며, 향후 우리나라 전력수급의 어려움을 가중시킬 수 있음을 시사해준다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.245-267
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• 2016

본 연구는 GVC(글로벌가치사슬) 관점에서 한국의 해외직접투자(FDI)의 현황을 실증적 연구방법을 통해 분석하고 정책방향을 제시하였다. 전 세계 50개국의 자료를 활용한 회귀분석과 독일, 스위스, 싱가포르 등 주요국과의 국제비교 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 2000년대 이후 동시에 늘어나는 전 세계 FDI와 수출입을 동시에 설명하는 GVC 관점에서 볼 때, 한국의 국제화 수준은 지나치게 무역위주로만 형성되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 한국의 1인당 GDP를 높이기 위해서는 분석에 포함된 주요국에 비해 20~30여년 뒤쳐져 있는 해외직접투자(OFDI) 수준을 높이는 것이 필요해 보인다. 즉, 무역의 이익과 투자의 이익을 동시에 추구하여 1인당 GDP 수준을 높여나가는 것이 중요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2021

This study empirically examines the proposition that the domestic fundamentals of a nation can emerge as absorptive capacity factors to reap the benefits of inward FDI. The study is contextualized in Asia, set from1982 to 2017, and data is grouped into low-income and lower-middle-income economies, in comparison to high-income and upper-middle-income economies, catering to different geographical regions within Asia. The investigation is based on a series of absorptive capacity factors such as infrastructure, human capital, domestic credit, and health indicator. The methodological analysis is premised on dynamic panel structure and employs the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique. The empirical findings suggest that that the infrastructure variable appears to be the major absorptive capacity factor for both groups of countries. The health indicator, on the other hand, can help reap the benefits of inward FDI, but only if the threshold level is met. The selected economies must achieve this threshold level to reap the benefits of FDI. To absorb the benefits of inward FDI, countries must be proactive in providing sound infrastructure and implementing proper healthcare measures.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2020

The paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam in 2000-2019 period. This study uses difference Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to analyse panel data officially provided by General Statistical Office of Vietnam. The results show that market size impacts positively significant on FDI attraction: 1% -1.45% (PMG) and 1% -1.25% (GMM). Besides, some other factors have positive influences as labor force, macroeconomic policy, macroeconomic stability and skilled labor. Meantime, the trade openness negatively affects FDI inflows in the short-term, while not being statistically significant in the long-term. Moreover, economic shocks often have a negative impact on FDI inflows. The findings of this study lead to the following recommendations. First, authorities should pay special attention to encourage economic growth rate in Vietnam to expand market size because this is the first priority of foreign investors. Second, authorities need to continue increasing the rate of skilled labor, especially highly qualified management force, engineers and well-skilled workers. Third, the authorities should adjust trade openness to boost the role of its determinant in attracting FDI inflows. Fourth, macroeconomic stability needs to be governed by international standards in order to secure the belief of foreign investors in the long-term.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.123-143
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• 2010

This paper attempts to analyze the strategies that Korean enterprise have taken to respond to China's rapidly changing foreign direct investment policies, especially after China's participation in the WTO. China's logistics industry has entered a stage of fast growth and the demand of logistics infrastructure Korea which is trying to be a logistics hub in Northeast Asia has to pay attention to the logistics of China. This paper provides the basic information for enhancing global logistics to logistics enterprise. Korean logistics enterprises analyze problem of China's policy and will have to cope political change spontaneously.