• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1990

The digital terrain model (DTM) or digital elevation model (DEM) is commonly used in representing the continuous variation of relief over space. One of the most frequent applications is to display the three dimensional view of the landform concerned. In this paper, the altitude matrices-regular grid cell format of the elevation in Mt. Kyeryong National Park were used in developing the three dimensional view software for the first time in Korea. It required the removal of hidden lines or surfaces. To do this, it was necessary to identify those surfaces and line segments that are visible and those that are invisible. Then, only the visible portions of the landform were displayed. The assumption that line segments are used to approximate contour surfaces by polygons was used in developing the three dimensional orthographic view. In order to remove hidden lines, the visibility test and masking algorithms were used. The software was developed in the engineering workstation, SUN 3/280 at the Institute of Space Science and Astronomy using 'C' in UNIX operating system. The software developed in this paper can be used in various fields. Some of them are as follows : (1) Landscape design and planning for identifying viewshed area(line of sight maps) (2) For planning the route selection and the facility location (3) Flight simulation for pilot training (4) Other landscape planning or civil engineering purposes

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.44-52
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• 2011

Louisiana Museum of Modern Art near Copenhagen is the most visited art museum in Denmark. It was originally founded by the director of the time, Knud W. Jensen and designed by two Danish architects, Vilhelm Wohlert and J${\o}$rgen Bo. The first part of the museum was built and opened to the public in 1958. The first part consisted of just a few exhibition spaces and glass corridors. But museum has been expanded step by step into a large park-like museum throughout 40 years of time. Louisiana museum has a unique environment in which art, architecture and nature are inter-related together. There was a very clear background for this museum atmosphere that was created by Knud W. Jensen from the very beginning. He wanted to make 'a sculptural park' or 'a low pavilion in the park'. The concept of 'park' was the key element. The architects, especially Vilhelm Wohlert who studied at the western area of the United States and influenced by the bay area architecture as well as the oriental wooden structure, interacted with the director's idea fully and made an invisible architecture in which 'Experience of Space' is the most important aspect. This thesis aims to analyze several crucial spaces of the museum and to find a hidden design characteristics. Chapter 2&3 explains general backgrounds and main design philosophy. Chapter 4 studies each parts' spatial experience and design methods with 3-dimensional diagrams. Chapter 5 tries to make an overall design characteristics that underlines the whole museum environment. The significance of Louisiana museum is not only in the fact that it is the most visited, but also in the fact that the role of architecture is to make a better environment where human and art are harmonized together within nature. The utopian idea of the founder started in doubt almost 50 years ago has been already successful in this small but vibrant park.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Frank Lloyd Wright(1867-1959) had the confident concept that architecture should be at home in nature. His architecture was meant to bear an intimate relation to the earth and the sky, and should look as though it began there at the ground and contrasted with the sky. In handling all the details of house design elements, his efforts for being married to the ground was to conceive the void of the sky. This study is to research his thinking process and its development to the earth and the sky, and to analyze how such thought could reflect his houses. The mass of house are divided into three parts such as the foundation or base, body, and roof. These parts are respectively related to the earth and the sky. This study goes on regarding them as an analytical framework. The subjects of study are the Prairie houses in the early 20th century and the Usonian houses after 1930's. As results of this study, the earlier foundation as a platform appeared as a base and water table, and a strong baseline pressed the structures into the soil in the Prairie houses. The direct contact of wood and brick to ground were dominant details after Wiley house(1934). The base was almost invisible to the eye in the Usonian houses. Secondly, the pierlike shapes and delicate friezes of walls were anchored to the ground, and horizontal bands as trims or copings also got close to the earth. These characters had disappeared after the Allen house(1917), all components including exterior walls had been unified with the grid patterns in the Usonian houses. Thirdly, the overhanging cantilever roof had got to the earthbound by the reflection of shadow as well as their evident horizontal. He lowered the roof, lengthened and brought it closer to the ground. In this way, Frank Lloyd Wright intended his houses to be at home in nature. And also he tried to bind the houses to the earth and contrasted them with the sky. The houses would perform their highest function in relation to the earth and sky.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.562-566
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• 2011

As telecommunication technologies in telemedicine services are developed, the expeditious development of wireless and mobile networks has stimulated wide applications of mobile electronic healthcare systems. However, security is an essential system requirement since many patients have privacy concerns when it comes to releasing their personal information over the open wireless channels. Due to the invisible feature of mobile signals, hackers have easier access to hospital networks than wired network systems. This may result in several security incidents unless security protocols are well prepared. In this paper, we analyzed authentication and authorization procedures for healthcare system architecture to apply secure M-health systems in the hospital environment. From the analyses, we estimate optimal requirements as a countermeasure to its vulnerabilities.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2008

We intend to offer theoretical bases of earth construction technology through the analysis of cases of brickworks and plastering works in the city of Gumi, Kyeongsangbukdo. We search for those instances of earth buildings to confirm the trend that earth construction is recognized as environment-friendly, sustainable and newly spotlighted field to alternatives of building construction. We made a frame of analysis through theoretical consideration about earth construction and prior study. Then, we analyzed the selected buildings which is selected by priority in the city of Gumi as authorized preservation value, cultural assets and recently built modern constructions. We found out some problems in structural strength, durability and fire proofing and the invisible development of technologies of earth construction method in this case analysis.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.308-312
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• 2019

When one enters a space, perceives the material geometry of that space. Walking inside buildings or across the city is generating a geometry of moving bodies that fills the space. These two geometries coexist: a static geometry of the space and an invisible one of the moving bodies. The space that we actually experience, whether interior or exterior, is a continuous network of voids. Individuals' movement will fill the network of voids that we understand as "the city". Our environment of voids and borders is organized by the means of architecture and urbanism. The geometry generated by motion affects both the limits and the voids, thus space can be defined by the tandem of the moving bodies and their environment. We propose in this study a mean of investigating users' movement and thus understanding the qualities of space while introducing the concept of space scores as analytical maps and design tools.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

This study started from the concern for Bjrake Ingels, an emerging architect in the architecture circle, who is creative and popular. Recently, the architecture field provides architects with a foundation to express a process on a new form creation through various new expressive languages, design concepts, and methods. The global Danish group BIG(Bjarke Ingels Group) develops a story by their distinctive architectural language. The storytelling is being used in various fields and now the tool called 'story' is settling down as an important element in the life that human lives. Bjarke Ingels leading the group BIG aims for the form expression by the scientific analysis and adaptation after being affected by Danish regional background and OMA. It creates a form to share stories with local members by visually simplifying the region, culture, environment, social phenomenon, economy, and politics that are invisible and do not have the form in the modern society. The elements and expressive features of the space storytelling include locality, cultural, natural environment, and connectivity which are the content structure(story) that enables you to intervene in the story according to the main agent to imagine a new space. The expressive element includes the watching moving line story of the successive, hierarchical, and organic structures which are constructive elements creating various spaces through the mixture, transmutability, and relocation of the program and inducing users to the space. The space storytelling is composed of the symbolism, community, and eco-friendliness to appear diversely through BIG's case analysis. This study will have significance that it drew a method and feature looked at by many contemporary architects from the storytelling viewpoint in the form-creating process, classified the form-creating process through a new storytelling type, and showed a possibility on the development of various methodologies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.52-61
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• 2015

Personal distance is one of the basic and important concepts in the field of Environmental Psychology in influencing personal space, visible or invisible territoriality and psychological carrying capacity of contemporary urban dwellers. This study aims to analyze the bench users' behaviour and personal distances in urban parks for the first time in Korea, one of the representative landscape spaces in urban areas. For these purposes, this study has adopted a blind observation and pictorial analysis for bench users in Yeouido Park in Seoul. The main results of this study show that the average interpersonal distance between female and male(intimate relationship) is 47.5cm, the distance between female and female is 53.2cm, and the distance between male and male is 70.3cm. These results mostly support the previous western study results, but the interpersonal space and territoriality of Koreans in urban parks may be smaller than that for western societies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

This paper interprets the hidden structure, layers and figures into cultural landscape, invisible landscape, by using landscape adjectives based on Place Memory of locals. Methods for obtaining local landscape information are through semi-standardized interview and autobiographical questionnaires. As a research site, Janghang in Korea which have experienced not only colonized and autonomous industrialization but also de-industrialization is a typical modern industrial landscape even in Asia. Thus, the landscape is interpreted as layered images like a stratum and as a dynamic landscape that changes over time. People only remember selected memories such as regional and national images affected from industrial developing paradigm in Korea. Some images of the landscape are distorted by powers and influenced by places of memory. This study brings us some discussions that 'What do we look at and remember about the landscape?'

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2003

Yangdong village is located at Kangdong-myun, Kyungju, Kyungsangbuk-do, Korea. There are two major families, the Sons of Wallsung beginned from Son, So(1433∼1484) and the Lees of Yeohkang the descendant of Lee, Unjeok. They are lived together under check and help for 500 years. The village located on the hill of Ankang plain. There are Homyung mountain and Sonaiu peak in front of it and Solchang mountain on the back. 47 shaped ridges form Blue dragon to the east, and White tiger to the west. Ahnrockchon flows from north Joined Hyungsan river and flows into Youngilman. Therefore the village is located at mountain on it's back and along with stream. Buildings are deployed on the valley between hills, it is not easily detected, but it give it's atmosphere of mountain village. Village location and space composition combined with natural environment, folk belief, feng-shui, and social system of confucianism. Blended buildings affected between ruling and ruled classes or among different families shown environmental design accomplishing united cultural space. The prospect of Yangdong village, a mountain village, expressed two sides of visible scenery of open inside and invisible from outside. Observation point such as head family house, pavilion, and village school are deployed at the point taking bird's-eye view, which striving mental stability.