• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.211-226
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• 2005

Upon checking 'Illustrated Flora of Korea' which was published in 1980, there were more than ca. 150 apparently invalid names for the Korean plants, which were nomen nudum as well as new combinations or avowed substitutes by T. B. Lee. These names were based on previously and invalidly published names from 'Handbook of Korean Forestry Sciences' and 'An Enumeration of Plants Hitherto Known from Corea'. We consider it useful to summarize the results of this investigation and these invalid names of Korean plants were enlisted here. These invalid names should not be used any more even as synonyms in the literatures.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2017

We organized the scientific names of Chinese cabbage according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). We found that the subspecies name 'Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.' was suitable as the scientific name for Chinese cabbage, and we classified B. rapa var. glabra Regel. as its synonym. In addition, B. petsai Bailey is an 'unrecorded name'   not found in the original description, and therefore is not suitable for use. We conclude that all names based on this name are 'invalid names', and should not be used.

• ALGAE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2013

The conjugating algae, an almost exclusively freshwater and extraordinarily diverse group of streptophyte green algae, are referred to a class generally known as the Conjugatophyceae in Central Europe and the Zygnematophyceae elsewhere in the world. Conjugatophyceae is widely considered to be a descriptive name and Zygnematophyceae ('Zygnemophyceae') a typified name. However, both are typified names and Conjugatophyceae Engler ('Conjugatae') is the earlier name. Additionally, Zygnemophyceae Round is currently an invalid name and is validated here as Zygnematophyceae Round ex Guiry. The names of orders, families and genera for conjugating green algae are reviewed. For many years these algae were included in the 'Conjugatae', initially used as the equivalent of an order. The earliest use of the name Zygnematales appears to be by the American phycologist Charles Edwin Bessey (1845-1915), and it was he who first formally redistributed all conjugating algae from the 'Conjugatae' to the orders Zygnematales and the Desmidiales. The family Closteriaceae Bessey, currently encompassing Closterium and Spinoclosterium, is illegitimate as it was superfluous when first proposed, and its legitimization is herein proposed by nomenclatural conservation to facilitate use of the name. The genus Debarya Wittrock, 1872 is shown to be illegitimate as it is a later homonym of Debarya Schulzer, 1866 (Ascomycota), and the substitute genus name Transeauina Guiry is proposed together with appropriate combinations for 13 species currently assigned to the genus Debarya Wittrock. The relationships between Mougeotia, Mougeotiopsis, Mougeotiella, and Transeauina require further resolution, as do many of the other genera referred to the Conjugatophyceae. Type species are designated for genera for which no types were formally selected previously. The number of currently described species of conjugating green algae in AlgaeBase is about 3,500, comprising about 10% of all algal species, with about one third of species referred to the Zygnematales and two-thirds to the Desmidiales. A corresponding 10% of all algal names at the species level and below have been applied to conjugating algae, although a large proportion of these are at the infraspecific level.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.363-371
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• 2002

Several people called our attention to two books in which many new name were made by T. Nakai. Upon checking Mori and Handbook of Korea-Mandschurian Forestry, we found that there were more than 50 apparently overlooked and naked names for the Korean woody plants. Also, new combinations or avowed substitutes of some woody plants by several authors (Y. Lee, T. Lee and W. Lee) based on previously and validly published names were not validly published because their basionyms or the replaced synonyms were not clearly indicated and a full and direct reference was not given to their authors and places of valid publications, with pages or plate references and dates. These names should not be used any more. We consider it useful to summarize the results of this preliminary investigation and invalid names of woody plants are enlisted here. Hopefully, this note will alert other researchers to look into these works for other herbaceous Korean plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.170-180
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• 2009

Somatic chromosome counts and karyotype analyses were carried out for eight taxa of Korean Allium sect. Sacculiferum. The basic chromosome number of sect. Sacculiferum was x = 8, and they could be cytologically divided into two groups, that is, a diploid group (2n = 2x = 16) containing A. thunbergii var. thunbergii, A. thunbergii var. deltoides, A. thunbergii var. teretifistulosum, A. deltoidefistulosum, A. longistylum, A. linearifolium and A. taqueti, and a tetraploid group (2n = 4x = 32) with only A. sacculiferum. All observed chromosomes were classified into metacentric, submetacentric and subtelocentric. The metacentric ones appeared in all treated taxa. One or two pairs of submetacentric chromosomes were observed in most taxa except A. sacculiferum, the unique taxon with subtelocentric chromosomes. All taxa had a pair of homologous chromosomes with satellites, and the B-chromosomes found in A. thunbergii var. thunbergii, A. deltoidefistulosum, A. sacculiferum and A. longistylum, were metacentric or telocentric. The karyotypes of A. longistylum and A. linearifolium were firstly investigated in this study. In conclusion, the somatic chromosome numbers and karyotypes for members of the sect. Sacculiferum were valuable characters in identifying taxa, investigating interspecific relationships and delimiting taxa. In addition, A. thunbergii var. teretifolium, an invalid name (homonym), was renamed as A. thunbergii var. teretifistulosum H. J. Choi & B. U. Oh.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

This study investigated the status of the wh-island constraint in Seoul Korean. The syntactic movement of a wh-phrase out of an embedded sentence so as to have wide scope at LF is known to be invalid as it violates the wh-island constraint, but there have been studies in which such a movement was possible when the sentence is read with a wh-intonation. We conducted perceptual tests in which subjects were asked to select an answer after listening to each of the four types of interrogative sentences. Three of them were with 'Nugu-leul', which is an accusative form of the wh-phrase 'who' as well as an indefinite form. The fourth sentence contained the name of a person. 'Nugu-leul' and the noun were positioned in the same embedded sentence to see whether the subjects accepted a matrix scope interpretation of the wh-phrases. Response time was transformed to normalized log response time and checked to find any differences in the time taken to select the answers depending on different types of interrogative sentences. The results showed the subjects had a definite preference for the matrix scope interpretation for the sentences with a wh-intonation. The response time required to select the matrix scope interpretation was longer than for any other type of interrogative sentence. We concluded that the wh-island constraint in Seoul Korean is weak.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2021

Biodiversity informatics applies information technology methods in organizing, accessing, visualizing, and analyzing primary biodiversity data and quantitative data management through the scientific names of accepted names and synonyms. We reviewed the GBIF data published by China, Japan, Taiwan, and internal institutes, such as NIBR, NIE, and KNA of the Republic of Korea, and assessed data in diverse aspects of data quality using BRAHMS software. Most data from four Asian countries have quality problems with the lack of data consistency and missing information on georeferenced data, collectors, collection date, and place names (gazetteers) or other invalid data forms. The major problem is that biodiversity management institutions in East Asia are using unstructured databases and simple spreadsheet-type data. Owing to the nature of the biodiversity information, if data relationships are not structured, it would be impossible to secure the data integrity of scientific names, human names, geographical names, literature, and ecological information. For data quality, it is essential to build data integrity for database management and training systems for taxonomists who are continuous data managers to correct errors. Thus, publishers in East Asia play an essential role not only in using specialized software to manage biodiversity data but also in developing structured databases and ensuring their integration and value within biodiversity publishing platforms.