• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2005

Objectives: The aim is to identify any anti-tumor effects of Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke on colon cancer cells. Materials & Methods: Colo201 human adenocarcinoma cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. The boiled extract of Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke was added (10 and 20 microliters) to cultures and observed at 0, 6, and 12 hours, and at 12-hour intervals thereafter. Morphological changes in colon cancer cells were observed through an inverted microscope, Destruction of colon cancer cells was measured through Trypan blue exclusion testing. Suppression of the viability of colon cancer cells were measured via MTT assay. Anti-cancer mechanisms in the cell cycle of colon cancer cells were analysed via flow cytometry. Results: After introduction of Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke to cultures several changes were seen. Significant atrophy of the nucleus and cytoplasm of colon cancer cells was observed, indicating cell injury. Destruction of colon cancer cells was observed in direct proportion to dosage and duration. Suppression of viability of colon cancer cells for each test group was greater than that of the control group increasingly over time(36h, 48h, 60h, 72h), which was statistical significant (p<0.05). Cell numbers of the mitosis phase of the colon cancer cell cycle reduced. Conclusions: Statistcally significant anti-tumor effects of Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke were observed in this in vitro experiment. Results support a role for Duchesnea indica(Andr.) Focke in treatment of colon cancer. though it will required progressive research to develop a practical treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.740-745
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• 2008

Although the demand on 'Ki' training because of the increased interest in health, there has not been an established theory and system in 'Ki' training from the perspective of oriental medicine. Therefore, many training associations are in operation without sound basis. The general use of the terminology 'Kigong' is the influence of China. As it was distributed to the general public through the translation and introduction of Chinese Kigong theory, the genuine Korean YangsaengKigong was not emphasized but it was included in or considered as the second-class to the Chinese Kigong. The purpose of the study was to establish and review YangsaengKigong based on our traditional ideologies. Korean Yangsaengkigong can be defined as the training method nurturing mind, energy, body based on the Sambeob training method such as Pause of thinking, Modulation of breath and Prohibition of sensibility with the goal of Yangsaengkigong, good health and long life and the maximum service for the benefit of humanity. Although this study can identify the differecnes between Korean Yangseangkigong and Chinese kigong through Korean traditional ideology, we could not develop this study to the necessity of ideological background of medical Kigong and concrete methodology of Yangsaengkigong and our traditional ideology because of scarce literature on Korea and Korean traditional ideologies. For the purspose of the study, we need cooperation between Studies of Korea, Studies of National History, and Oriental Medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.118-128
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• 2009

Objects: This study was conducted to investigate the current educational environment of herbology and to develop a future-oriented curriculum for oriental medicine. The questionnaire used in this research was drawn up based on the current curriculum referring to the current curriculum of herbology and pharmacognosy. Methods: The survey was carried out presenting the questionnaires to a total 12,754 of the students and doctors of oriental medicine through e-mailing five times; of these, 2,074 replied. Results: 1. Among the respondents, about 97% agreed that it was necessary to revise and complement the current curriculum of herbology. 2. The respondents felt that the assigned lecture time of subject was "sufficient" (19%), "insufficient" (39%) and "average" (39%), respectively, and the level of lecture was "insufficient" (37%) or "average" (43%) respectively. According to priority, it showed that the contents which needed complement in lecture were discrimination of medicinal herbs (24%), practical use of action and indications (23%), and correlation with modern disease (21%). In theoretical lectures, 69% of the respondents agreed on the introduction of natural scientific methods 3. In practice, 51% of the respondents replied that the lecture time for practice was insufficient. The contents which needed to be complemented in practice were as follows: audio-visual materials for discrimination of medicinal herbs (22%), concrete exercise for the processing of medicinal herbs (21%), and attempts for the objective discrimination of medicinal herbs using instruments (microscope, analytical instrument, residual pesticide, heavy metal, genetic analysis) (16%). 70% replied that the discrimination of medicinal herbs of high price and rarity was "none or insufficient". 4. 56% replied that it was necessary to introduce and practice physicochemical analysis, and they showed higher requests according to the increase of their educational level. However, 86% replied that they had never experienced concrete attempts for objective discrimination of medicinal herbs, which seemed to indicate that, excepting some schools, practice exercise was rarely performed. Conclusions: According to results, it seems that an urgent review on the current course of herbology and a workshop on the process of experimental practice for professors is needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.29-39
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• 2010

Introduction: Up to now there has been no unified orthography of Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑) in English. Too manydifferent spellings on Donguibogam are seen in the articles on it. Therefore, we present a solution to the spelling problem of Donguibogam in this study. Discussion: To verify the problem of various spellings of Donguibogam we looked at over 54 articles that have spellings of Donguibogam published from 2000 to 2008, and compared those 29 different spellings with each other. To know the historical background of Donguibogam spelling, we looked over many translations that foreigners used, but we could just find fragmentary references to Donguibogam. We compared various spellings with the official orthography of the Korean government. We discussed the appropriateness of various spellings. There is no unified spelling in the DongUiBoGam center and in the conference articles of the Korean Society of Medical History, which recently celebrated the 400th year of DongUiBoGam publication. Conclusion: It is suggested that the proper orthography should be "Donguibogam: Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine". Hereafter all articles should follow this spelling without exception for more consistent study.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.213-224
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to fine out life nurturing level according to health practice. Methods : The subjects for this study were 2114 industrial workers. Data were collected by using constructed questionnaires and analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA. Results : 1. There were statistically significant differences in life nurturing level according to general characteristics-age, marital status, job tenures, income. 2. The higher life nurturing level was showed in high aged, married, long job tenures and high income group. 3. There were statistically significant differences in life nurturing level according to health practice, especially non-smoking, non-drinking, regular exercise and sufficient sleeping group were higher in life nurturing level. Conclusions : This study suggests that health practice is related to life nurturing level and that the introduction of desirable health practice can contribute to life nurturing level.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

The Objective of this article is to make a bibliographical introduction and to discuss the historical value of several literatures on the Sasang constitutional medicine established by Jema Lee$(1837{\sim}1900)$. Literatures are as follows: 1. ${\ulcorner}$HamsanSachon Donguisusebowon(咸山沙忖 東醫壽世保元 甲午舊本)${\lrcorner}$; newly found draft of ${\ulcorner}$Donguisusebowon${\lrcorner}$ that contains an old edition written in 1894. 2. ${\ulcorner}$Bojeyeonseol-Supplement of Donguisusebowon(普濟演設-東醫壽世保元補編)${\lrcorner}$; a clinical book which is regarded as to had been published before the first edition of ${\ulcorner}$Donguisusebowon${\lrcorner}$ was printed. 3. ${\ulcorner}$Gyukchigo appendix(格致藁-附錄)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Sasang Medicine-A Memorandom of the first edition(四象醫學草本卷備忘錄)${\lrcorner}$; which were aquired in Yanbian(China) several years ago. 4. ${\ulcorner}$Donguisusebowon${\lrcorner}$- The first edition published in 1901; owned by Mikki Sakae(三木榮) a Japanese medical historian. 5. ${\ulcorner}$Donguisusebowon${\lrcorner}$ - Manuscript; poetry on natures of herbal drugs are appended.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.133-174
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• 2013

Objective : Malaria(瘧疾) is a disease that's main symptom is paroxysm - a cyclical occurrence of sudden coldness followed by rigor and then fever. Since the introduction of the cause and mechanism of malaria(瘧疾) in the "Suwen(素問)", including Cold malaria(寒瘧), Warm malaria(溫瘧), Heat malaria(癉瘧) and Wind malaria(風瘧), there has been over 20 different kinds of malaria, each of which are introduced in multiple medical texts. Method : Through comparison between "Suwen(素問)" and other medical texts, the categories, causes and mechanisms of malaria can be analysed and organized to overview the whole feature of it. Results & Conclusion : External pathogens of malaria(瘧疾) are wind(風), cold(寒), summerheat (暑), dampness(濕), miasmic toxin(瘴), pestilence(疫), ghost(鬼). Internal pathogens of malaria(瘧疾) are dietary irregularities(飮食不節), overexertion and fatigue(勞倦), phlegm(痰), seven emotion(七情). Malaria can be categorized into four groups according to the pathological mechanism that leads to paroxysm. They are latency of disease(伏氣), external contraction(外感), internal damage(內傷), and combination of disease(合病). Malaria-Paroxysm(瘧疾發作) occurs when the three following factors collide strongly : defense qi(衛氣), latent qi(伏邪) and external pathogen(新邪). When collision of the three factors takes place in the interior(裏), the body experiences chills. When it takes place in the exterior(表), the body experiences fever. The cyclical occurrence of Malaria-Paroxysm follows the circulation of defense qi.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

Objectives Scoliosis is that spine's arrangement was changed to be curved. Mostly scoliosis was found at childhood and recently rate of scoliosis is increasing. Causes of scoliosis were very various, but the patients are due to idiopathic reasons. Scoliosis was treated by conservative treatment or surgery treatment. If scoliosis is diagnosed early enough, it can be treated with conservative treatment. Methods We are searching PubMed by keywords and found 47 theses complied with requirements. Results Studies of conservative treatment of Scoliosis were active. Conservative treatments are considered before surgery treatment and there was a set guideline of conservative treatment. Also, there were several studies about effectiveness of conservative treatment and quality of life, mental stress. Studies about various kinds of conservative treatment were found as well. There were brief studies about introduction of new brace, effectiveness of several braces, and case studies. Conclusions Conservative treatment is very effective choice before surgery treatment at Scoliosis patient.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Introduction : Even though Acupuncture has been know for its effect for a long time, recently it is required to verifiy its effect. To solve this, clinical trial, based on EBM, has been the way to explain acupuncture's treatment effect. Methods: Last year we had a clinical trial based on acupuncture. From this experience we came to a conclusion mentioned below. Results : 1. To find out acupuncture's effect more certainly, it is needed that Korean medical method or treatment should be connected to diagnosis. 2. We had found out that sham and minimal acupuncture are the most appropriate way in single blinding. 3. It is required for the acupuncturist to practice the right real acupuncture point and sham's point in clinical trial. 4. The most important thing to maintain the subjects from dropping out is to always be concerned to the subjects and management them. Conclusion : The best way to advance clinical trial on acupuncture is to use single blinding system with sham acupuncture together in controlled groups and most of all also needs a standardized acupuncture point and depth.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to report a newly discovered book whose title is Ikkam (翼鑑) and prepare for a full-scale study. The book, Ikkam, has a variety of contexts in which it seems to be written by Park Ji-won. First, 'Sanin' in 'Yeonam-Sanin' is consistent with the behaviors of Yeonam Park Ji-won who lived in hiding in the Yeonam valley in 1777. In addition, many statements written in the introduction, such as "as we stick to the old things, we do not know a makeshift", "we are well versed in changes" and "many soldiers are not always good" remind us of other writings of Park Ji-won. Moreover, he writes the statements using antithesis. It is the force of writing style of a literary person who is not engaged in medical service. In addition, he puts six qi in the introduction, but it is not as sophisticated as Jejungsinpyeon (濟衆新編). It suggests that this book may be published earlier than Jejungsinpyeon. When comparing Ikkam with Euimunbogam (醫門寶鑑) and Jejungsinpyeon, it seems common to place six qi in the introduction at the time. In addition, through this book, we find that Park Ji-won known as a writer of Geumryosocho (金蓼小抄) has fairly much knowledge in the medicine. We can estimate his passion and depth about the medicine through a longing for a new medical book shown in the introduction of Geumryosocho. However, various approaches to similar disease symptoms shown in the introduction help us to recognize his true qualities in the medicine. In addition, like other experience prescriptions, this book excludes prescriptions using medicinal herbs with toxicity or rare medicinal herbs in the situation with a limited supply of them in remote areas but includes prescriptions which are widely used. It shows that experience prescriptions in the Joseon Dynasty are effective to specifically identify medicinal herbs and prescriptions which are widely used in Korea. These values cannot be compensated by Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑) which has an infinite value.