• 제목/요약/키워드: Introduced fish

검색결과 170건 처리시간 0.034초

유해화학물질 분석을 위한 생태조사 기반의 타깃 후보어종 선정법 (Target candidate fish species selection method based on ecological survey for hazardous chemical substance analysis)

  • 김지윤;진상현;조민재;최혜지;안광국
    • 환경생물
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.109-125
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구는 우리나라에서 수생태계에 유입되는 주요 유해화학물질 축적 분석을 위한 타깃 후보종 선정과 이에 따른 어류 군집의 영향을 분석하였다. 레퍼런스 하천 선정과 함께 유해화학물질 유입의 영향을 직접적으로 받는 하수종말처리장(T1)과 수계로 유입된 유해화학물질이 집중되는 금강하구언(T2)의 테스트배드를 분석하였다. 유해화학물질 분석을 위한 타깃 후보종 선정을 위해 7-메트릭 다변수 모델을 개발하였으며, 세부항목은 (1) 상업적으로 유용하며 식용으로 이용하는 어종, (2) 최상위 육식종 어종, (3) 유기물 섭취 어종, (4) 내성도가 높은 어종, (5) 개체수가 풍부한 어종, (6) 채집 가능성이 높은 어종, (7) 광범위하게 분포하는 어종 등 총 7개 메트릭으로 구성되었다. 타깃 후보어종에 대한 7개 메트릭 모델을 기반으로 8종이 대상 후보로 선정되었다. 타깃 후보종과 함께 공서하는 우점어종은 내성종(50%)이었으며, 이는 수질 오염 지표로 자주 사용되는 내성종의 풍부도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 수생태계 건강성 평가를 위한 다변량 어류 기반 모델 분석에서는 생태계 건강성이 "나쁨 상태"까지 진단되는 것으로 나타났다. 이화학적인 수질 변수는 테스트배드에서 섭식 및 내성길드에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 8개의 수질 변수는 T1 지점에서 높게 나타나 하수처리장의 방류수에 따른 영향이 컸으며, T2 지점은 대규모 녹조 현상이 나타나 클로로필 농도가 레퍼런스 지점보다 약 15배 높은 것으로 나타났다.

축산폐수 처리 연못시스템의 처리수 재활용 양어 (Aquaculture Recycling Effluent from a Pond System Treating Animal Excreta Ecologically)

  • 양홍모
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.339-344
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    • 2000
  • 축산폐수를 처리하는 연못시스템의 1차연못 처리수(평균 $BOD_5\;49.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $T-N\;48.6\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)를 1주에 2 - 3회 실험양어지에 공급하여 잉어의 성장을 조사하였다. 처리수 공급유량과 실험양어지의 유량이 1:4가 유지되도록 공급하였으며, 실험양어지의 평균 $BOD_5$$15\;-\;20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$였다. 양어지에 수용한 잉어의 평균 체중은 8월에 204.2 g에서 9월과 10월에 210.4 g와 219.3 g로 각각 늘었으며 60일간 사육에서 생잔율이 82%였다. 운반 및 조사시 잉어에 주는 스트레스를 감안하면 양어지의 수질과 환경은 잉어 성장에 나쁘지 않았다고 여겨진다. 8월부터 10월 사이의 다소 낮은 성장률은 양어지의 물을 빼내고 잉어를 잡아 체중과 체장을 측정하는 과정이 잉어에 스트레스를 준데 원인이 있다고 사료된다. 월동 후인 이듬해 4월에 잉어의 평균 체중은 205.3g로 감소하였으며 전년도 10월과 비교하여 생잔율은 83%였다. 일반적으로 잉어는 월동 후에 체중이 약 10 - 20% 감소하는 경향이 있다. 양어지 실험결과 양어지의 평균 $BOD_5$$15\;-\;20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 유지되면 용존산소결핍으로 잉어가 일시에 죽는 현상은 일어나지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 평균 $BOD_5$와 T-N이 각각 27.9, $30.8\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$인 2차연못에 체중 약 100g 정도의 잉어 10마리를 8월에 넣어 보았으나 1주일 이내에 모두 죽었다. 새벽 무렵의 급격한 용존산소결핍 현상에 원인이 있다고 사료된다. 연못시스템의 3차연못에 잉어를 직접 털어 성장을 분석하였다. 3차연못의 평균 $BOD_5$와 T-N은 각각 $19.8\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $21.0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$였다. 3차연못은 2차연못에서 발생한 조류(algae)가 죽어 연못바닥으로 침전되는 마무리연못(maturation pond)으로 연못전체가 호기성을 유지하고 있었다. 3차연못에 8월에 넣은 잉어의 평균체중은 107.5g였으며 2개월 후에 165.2g으로 증가하였다. 사육 1년 후의 평균체중은 478.2g으로 약 3배 증가했으며, 1년 후의 잉어 생잔율도 86%로 높게 나타났다. 월동을 했다는 것을 고려한다면 매우 좋은 성장이다. 생잔율이 높게 나타난 원인은 측정 횟수가 적어 측정에 따른 스트레스가 적었다는 점과 3차연못의 환경조건 (수질, 먹이 등)이 잉어사육에 적합했다고 사료된다. 사료공급 없이 하${\cdot}$폐수를 재활용하는 세계 여러나라의 잉어 생산량은 약 $18\;-\;l37g{\cdot}m^{-2}year^{-1}$이다. 3차연못 잉어생산량은 $125\;g{\cdot}m^{-2}year^{-1}$로 아주 양호한 생산량이다. 산업폐수가 유입되지 않은 생활하수나 축산폐수의 처리수를 이용한 양어의 고기는 생체실험결과 인체에 해가 없다고 규명되어 왔다.$^{15,16),17)$ 축산폐수를 자연생태적으로 처리하는 연못시스템의 연못에서 잉어를 사육할 경우 연못의 수질이 2차처리수준인 $BOD_5\;20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 정도를 유지하는 것이 적절하다고 사료된다. 연못시스템은 축산지수를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 양어의 수확으로 축산농가의 소득증대에도 기여할 수 있다.

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천적포식어(Aplocheilus and Aphyocypris)와 미생물제제 Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14)의 병합처리에 의한 논에서 서식하는 질병매개모기의 종합적방제 (Integrated Control of Vector Mosquitoes with Native Fishes (Aplocheilus and Aphyocypris) ad Bacillus thuringiensis(H-14) in Natural Rice Fields of Korea)

  • 유효석;김흥철
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.167-174
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    • 1989
  • 1998년 7월부터 10월까지 약 4개월간 질병매개모기 및 뇌염다발지역인 전라남도 영암군 덕진면 소재 약 $30,000M^2$의 자연수답을 선정, 이에 서식하는 질병매개모기인 중국얼룩날개모기(Anopheles sinensis)와 작은빨간집모기(Culex tritaeniorhynchus)를 대상으로 포식천적어송사리(Aplocheilus latipes) 및 왜몰개(Aphyocypris chinensis)방사와 미생물제제(Bacillus thuringensis H-14)를 병합처리하여 방제효과를 조사하였다. 포식천적어송사리가 0.6fish/{TEX}$M^{2}${/TEX}가 존재하는 논에서는 7월부터 8월까지 55.0~57.6%의 자연 방제가 이루어졌으며, 한 표본당 평균 10마리 이상으로 증가될 때 미생물제제(B.t. H-14)를 1Kg/ha의 농도로 처리한 결과, 24시간후 100%의 방제를 보였으며, 10월 11일 본 실험이 끝날 때까지 98%의 방제율을 유지하였다. 천적어가 존재하지 않는 논에서는 수면 1{TEX}$M^{2}${/TEX} 당 1.5마리의 비율로 포식어(Aphyocypris)를 방사한 결과 9월 21일(방사후 2주)까지 88.2~96.7%의 만족할 만한 방제율을 유지하였다. 천적어가 존재하지 않는 또 다른 논에서 미생물제제(B.t. H-14)를 1Kg/ha의 농도로 단독 처리한 결과, 24시간 후 100%의 방제율을 보였으나, 7일 후에는 개체군밀도의 회복현상을 나타내었으며 B.t.(H-14) 2차 처리후 모기유충의 개체군밀도를 억제할 수 있었다.

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Genetic positioning of Korean viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) from cultured and wild marine fishes

  • Kim, Wi-Sik;Jung, Sung-Ju;Kim, Jong-Oh;Kim, Du-Woon;Kim, Jeong-Ho;Oh, Myung-Joo
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2011
  • Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) is an epidemic virus in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus farms in Korea, since the virus have first isolated in 2001. In the present study, partial glycoprotein (G) gene nucleotide sequences of seven Korean VHSV from cultured olive flounder and wild marine fishes in coastal areas of Korea were analyzed to evaluate their genetic relatedness to worldwide isolates. Phylogenetically, all Korean VHSV formed only one minor cluster including Japanese isolates, in genotype IVa, while the North America isolates formed a different minor cluster in genotype IVa. These results suggest that Korean VHSV could be an indigenous virus in Korean and Japanese coastal areas, but have not been introduced from North America.

생태계 차원에서의 수산자원관리 방안 연구 (A study on the ecosystem-based management system for fisheries resources in Korea)

  • 정창익
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.240-258
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    • 2006
  • The potential of ecosystem-based fisheries management is recently recognized to be very important to improve the sustainability of fisheries resources. Under the depressed condition of many fisheries resources, this recognition has been expanded and more effort has been taken to improve this approach. Taking ecosystem concept includes the use of other tools of management in addition to fisheries regulation, such as stock and productivity enhancement, provision of physical structure, or marine protected areas. In the ecosystem-based fisheries management approach, it would require to holistically consider ecological interactions of target species with predators, competitors, and prey species, the effects of climate on fisheries ecology, the complex interactions between fishes and their habitat, and the effects of fishing on fish stocks and their ecosystem. Fisheries management based upon the understanding of these factors can prevent significant and potentially irreversible changes in marine ecosystems caused by fishing. A useful approach for analyzing tropho-dynamic interactions and mass-balance in marine ecosystems is introduced to demonstrate the complexity and usefulness of the ecosystem approach, which was applied to a small ecosystem in Korea. Korea should seriously consider to take the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management, since most major fish stocks are currently depleted due to many reasons such as overfishing, land reclamation and coastal pollution.

Determination of Methylmercury in Biological Samples Using Dithizone Extraction Method Followed by Purge & Trap GC-MS

  • Lee, Jung-Sub;Ryu, Yoon-Jung;Park, Jae-Sung;Jeon, Sung-Hwan;Kim, Sam-Cwan;Kim, Young-Hee
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제28권12호
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    • pp.2293-2298
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    • 2007
  • In this study, a dithizone extraction technique involving purge & trap GC-MS was developed for the determination of methylmercury in biological samples, especially blood and fish. After alkaline digestion, methylmercury in biological samples was extracted into dithizone and back-extracted into aqueous sulfide solution. The extracted methylmercury was converted to the volatile ethyl derivative, purged and trapped onto a solid-phase collection medium, and then introduced into the GC-MS system. The determined MDLs of the established method were 0.9 ng·g?1 for biological samples and its accuracy and precision were found to be 93% and 3.8%, respectively. The method was validated by analysis of CRMs such as SRM 966, BCR 463 and IAEA 407 and all analytical results were within certified ranges with average RSDs of less than 6%. The analytical results of field-sampled fish also showed that the method can be successfully used as an alternative for commonly used distillation method followed by GC-CVAFS detection.

Preference of Physical Microhabitat on the $1^{st}$-class Endangered Species, Gobiobotia naktongensis inhabiting the Gam Stream, Tributary of the Nakdong River

  • Seo, Jin-Won;Kim, Hee-Sung;Yi, Hye-Suk;Jeong, Sun-A
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.495-501
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    • 2009
  • The study was conducted in 2007~2008 in order to understand preference of physical microhabitat on the $1^{st}$-class endangered species, Gobiobotia naktongensis inhabiting the Gam Stream, tributary of Nakdong River. The total number of fish caught from the study sites was 3,671 representing 7 families 24 species. There were 8 Korean endemic species including Odontobutis platycephala, and 2 introduced species (Carassius cuvieri, Micropterus salmoides) were found. According to investigation and analysis of physical microhabitat on Gobiobotia naktongensis caught in the Gam Stream, a total of 57 individuals were found at shallow depth (0.14~0.46 m) and run (0.239~0.585m $sec^{-1}$). As a result of sieve analysis, stream beds consisted of about 1% gravel and 99% sand (83.4% coarse sand, 15.6% find sand). Therefore, Gobiobotia naktongensis seemed to inhabit shallow-run with coarse sand bed than deep-pool microhabitat. The findings indicate preference of physical microhabitat on Gobiobotia naktongensis, and it is important to enhance efficiency of fish conservation and ecological restoration with understanding species-specific characteristics in microhabitat including protected species.

낚시면허제 도입의 필요성과 실현 가능성에 대한 고찰 (A study on the necessity and feasibility of Recreational Fishing license System in Korea)

  • 이광남
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.115-136
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    • 2003
  • As of late, people who enjoy fishing as a pastime in Korea has dramatically increased on the back of the increased national income and 5-day working system being in place. In the past, people used to fish in inland waters, but fishing on the sea has also shown a steady increase. The expanded fishing community along with increasing types of fishing, however, led to destruction of ecosystem by littering the waters of both inland and sea with wastes and reckless exploitation of fish resources. Fishing activities are usually taking place in inland waters, or on the sea, which is, by definition, a common property, and side effects such as free riding and diseconomy are frequently observed occurring. In other words, everyone can use the property free of charge(except paying fishing lot), and littering the waters with pollutants and wastes stemming from fishing activities is currently rampant. In this context, this paper studies the necessity of introducing fishing license system and its feasibility in Korea from a perspective to improve the national welfare through policy measures based on 'polluter pays principle' to prevent further environmental pollution in the fishing lot and preserve fishery resources. Study shows that introduction of Recreational fishing license system is urgently needed, but it is concluded that it should take more time to implement the system so as to accomodate the differing interests of all parties involved including recreational fishing industry, while strengthening public relation activities to solicit for the people's understanding of the system to be introduced.

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Velocity Controller Design for Fish Sorting Belt Conveyor System using M-MRAC and Projection Operator

  • Nguyen, Huy Hung;Tran, Minh Thien;Kim, Dae Hwan;Kim, Hak Kyeong;Kim, Sang Bong
    • 동력기계공학회지
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.42-50
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    • 2017
  • A velocity controller using a modified model reference adaptive controller (M-MRAC) and a projection operator for a fish sorting belt conveyor system with uncertainty parameters, input saturation and bounded disturbances is proposed in this paper. To improve the tracking performance and robustness of the proposed controller in the presence of bounded disturbances, the followings are done. Firstly, the reference model for the conventional model reference adaptive controller (CMRAC) is replaced by a modified reference model for a M-MRAC to reduce unexpected high frequency oscillation in control input signal when the adaptation rate is increased. Secondly, estimated parameters in an adaptive law are varied smoothly under bounded external disturbances and a projection operator is utilized in an adaptive law for the proposed M-MRAC controller to be robust. Thirdly, an auxiliary error vector is introduced for compensating the error dynamics of the system when the saturation input occurs. Finally, the experimental results are shown to verify the better effectiveness and performance of the proposed controller under the bounded disturbance and saturated input than that of a CMRAC.

김치의 기원과 제조변천과정에 대한 종합적 연구 (Comprehensive Study on the Origins and Changes in Kimchi Recipe)

  • 박채린
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.93-111
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    • 2019
  • This paper provides a comprehensive description of previous studies of making and developing kimchi in terms of the origins of kimchi and the changes in the history of kimchi, along with newly discovered data, including the collection of works in Joseon Dynasty as well as old cookbooks discovered after the year 2000, and latest research in related disciplines, e.g., ancient history studies, archeology, and linguistics. Because new ruins and relics, such as the Liao-ho Civilization in the Northeast Asia continent, which was closely related to Dongyi tribes, have been discovered and studied, it is important to determine how to reflect the outcome of archeological studies on the origin of preserved vegetables. In addition, to describe the background and changes in the independent formation of making Korean kimchi chronologically, they were divided into the following: development from jjanji to singunji; formation of the basis for seokbakji dressed with fermented fish sauce; settlement of seokbakji culture for dressing seokbakji with fermented fish sauce and spices, including chili varieties when they were introduced; and establishment of the method for making whole cabbage kimchi, which is currently typical kimchi made by adding the seokbakji as the stuffing of the cabbage kimchi, to examine the time and specific details of the change.