• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.633-638
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• 2001

Objective : Stroke is the most frequent cause of death in Korea. Because it remains severe disablities disturbing normal life, it is important to carry out intervention preventing from progression of condition in patients with acute ischemic stroke within therapeutic time window. Thus early thrombolysis is beneficial for patients with acute ischemic stroke. However its therapeutic efficacy is not known in combination with oriental medical therapy. In this study, we investigated the safety and the clinical effect of continous intravenous urokinase therapy and oriental medical therapy. Methods : Twenty eight patients with acute onset of ischemic stroke no later than three days received continous infusion of urokinase and oriental medical therapy. We estimated the subjects's neurological deficit and functional status with National institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke Scale(NIHSS) and Europian Stroke Scale (ESS) prior to therapy, on day 3, 7, 14 after the starting urokinase therapy and on day at discharge. Results: After day 7, the scores of NIHSS and ESS were improved significantly. There are no differences in therapeutic effects of the interval between onset of stroke and initiation of therapy. Complication were noted in four(14%) patients, but these are not fatal complication and make no neurological deficiency. Conclusion : The results of these investment suggest that continuous intravenous urokinase with oriental medical therapy could be a safe and effective intervention to prevent from progression in acute ischemic stroke. But this findings should be confirmed in multicenter double blind controlled trial.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.278-283
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FOG-PET) can be used to assess the therapeutic response of brain abscess. Methods : A study was conducted on 10 consecutive patients with brain abscess, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffuse-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed at 3 and 6 weeks after surgical treatment and intravenous antibiotics therapy and FOG-PET at 6 weeks after treatment. The extent of the abscess, signal changes on MRI, and FOG-PET standardized uptake values were analyzed and correlated with the response to therapy. Results : Aspiration or craniotomy with excision of the abscess followed by intravenous antibiotics for 6-8 weeks resulted in good recovery with no recurrence. In 10 patients, two had low signal intensity on the DWI; one had no uptake on FOG-PET imaging after 6 weeks antibiotics and discontinued intravenous treatment, but the other patient had diffuse, increased uptake on FOG-PET imaging after 6 weeks antibiotics and underwent an additional 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. The remaining eight patients had high signals on the DWI. Four had no uptake on FOG-PET imaging and the treatment period varied from 6 to 8 weeks (mean, 6.75 weeks). Among the other four patients, FOG was accumulated in a diffuse or local area corresponding to a high signal area within the DWI and 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics was added. Conclusion : MRI plus FOG-PET improved the accuracy of assessing therapeutic responses to antibiotics treatment of brain abscess and aided in optimizing therapy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2008

It has been suspected that various infections, including cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection, are associated with IgA nephropathy. In case of CMV infection, ganciclovir is known to be a treatment of choice for severe CMV infection in general. But ganciclovir has a lot of severe toxicity, so children with normal immunity are seldom treated by ganciclovir when CMV infection is suspected. On the other hand, intravenous immunoglobulin can also be used to treat CMV infection. We report a case of CMV-associated IgA nephrophaty, who was treated with deflazacort and Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. An 11 years old boy suffered from gross hematuria for 3 days. He had proteinuria, thrombocytopenia(104,000/$mm^3$), antiplatelet antibody(＋), impaired renal function and low serum albumin. His CMV serology was CMV-IgM/IgG(＋/-) and urine CMV-PCR was positive. The renal histological findings revealed IgA nephropathy, WHO class II. His proteinuria persisted despite of deflazacort therapy(2.5 mg/kg/day). Later, intravenous immunoglobulin(1 g/kg) was administered twice. In two years, he showed no gross and microscopic hematuria, and his laboratory findings were also normalized.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 1998

Yeung Nam University Medical Center, Department Of Central medical Supply Background: The adverse effect of intravenous therapy combined with various complications. Because sterilization technique and appropriate nursing care can prevent various complications, it is important to use appropriate sponge in intravenous therapy. The purpose of study was to identy sterilization effect and detection of bacteria and to provide basic data for use of appropriate disinfectants. Methods: From May 15 1995 to Aug. 3. 1995, disinfectants that were used in Yeung Nam University Medical Center were tested by bacteria culture. To test sterilization effect of disinfectants of intravenous injection sites after disinfection, 10 subjects were used and were tested by bacteria culture for the study. Results: 1) By sterilization effect of disinfectants, bacteria were increased from 103 to 10 from 48 hours in both 2% Zephanon and 2% zephanon that was sterilized by steam, from 10 to 10 from 72 hours and 10 from 48 hours in 70% lsoprophyl alchol. Also, bacterias were detected in 70% lsoprophyl alchol on 48 hours. 2) By stenlization effect of sponge that were used in nursing unit, bacterias were detected in 2% Zephanon on 2 hours, 70% lsoprophyl alchol on 2 hours, 70% lsoprophyl alchol on 8 hours and 70% lsoprophyl alchol on 48 hours. 3) By sterilization effect and detection of bacteria of intravenous site after disinfection, bacterias were detected in 10 of 10 control groups, 8 of 10 sites that were disinfected by steam sterilized 2% zephanon sponge, 6 of 10 sites that were disinfected by 70% lsoprophyl alchol and 4 of 10 sites that were disinfected by 10% Batadine. Conclusions : it is conclued that 70% lsoprophyl alchol is appropriate for intravenous therapy and 10% Betadine is appropriate in ward that were polluted the air and in immunodeficient patients.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2010

The particulate contamination of intravenously administered fluid has been of major concern. One of the most common complications associated with long term i.v. therapy is post-infusion phlebitis (PIP). We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of inline filters on PIP. An electronic search of Medline, KoreaMed, and KRIST was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of inline filters. Meta-analysis was undertaken using STATA 10. A total of 62 literatures were retrieved, of which 7 were included in meta-analysis. Inline filtration for intravenous infusion significantly reduced by 39% of the incidence of phlebitis, with a relative risk of 0.61 (95% CI 0.41-0.90, p=0.012). Therefore, inline filtration is a highly effective means of decreasing the incidence of infusion phlebitis and should be considered as a part of intravenous therapy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.246-252
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• 2001

We report the result of a high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a Henoch-Schnlein purpura patient with severe abdominal pain and nephrotic syndrome who did not respond to methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Kidney biopsy showed diffuse mesangial cell proliferative glomerulonephritis with fibrocellular crescent formation in approximately 50% of glomeruli. Mesangium of all glomeruli were strong positive for IgA and C3 antibodies. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was introduced and dramatic improvement of gastrointestinal symptom and proteinuria as well as hematuria was noted. Immunoglobulin administration should be considered in Henoch-Schnlein purpura patients with steroid-resistant intractable gastrointestinal manifestation and renal involvement.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2014

Purpose : Intravenous contrast medium is a substance used to enhance the contrast of normal tissues or malignant tissues within the body. For this reason, intravenous contrast media have been extensively used form treatment-planning CT. However, when the patient is receiving proton therapy, there is no contrast medium in that moment. In this study, evaluate the influence of intravenous contrast medium on proton range and Spread-Out Bragg peak(SOBP) in Treatment Planning System(TPS). Materials and Methods : Hounsfield Unit(HU) value were measured by 20 liver cancer patients with phase change. and evaluate the proton range and SOBP on 5 liver proton treatment plan. By using the hand made water phantom measure the proton range and SOBP on proton treatment plan with changing HU and Depth. Results : Changing value(Pre contrast, Arterial phase, Portal phase) in liver cancer patient were ($58{\pm}5.7$, $75{\pm}9.5$, $117{\pm}14.6$ for liver tissue) and ($40{\pm}6.1$, $279{\pm}49.0$, $154{\pm}22.8$ for aorta), respectively. The mean difference of range was 2.5mm and SOBP was 1.4mm according to HU change. In phantom study, proton range was shorter and SOBP was narrowed with increasing HU. Conclusion : We verify that HU change lead to range and SOBP change in TPS. Additional study is required to verify that change of HU make range and SOBP be changed in actual substance.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2011

Purpose: Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare inflammatory, reactive dermatosis marked by painful cutaneous ulcer. The causes of pyoderma gangrenosum remain unclear. Gastrointestinal, hematological, rheumatological, and immmune disorders may be associated with pyoderma gangrenosum. The appearance of this disease may range from mild skin ulcers to life-threatening conditions. Generalized multiple ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum is very rare. Here we report our experience with a case of multiple ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum accompanied by ulcerative colitis. Methods: A 67-year-old man had cutaneous ulcers at multiple sites including the scalp, face, chest, abdomen, hands, and buttocks. He also developed gastrointestinal symptoms such as intermittent dyspepsia and bloody excrement. Debridement and irritation aggravated the disease progress. We gave a diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum with ulcerative colitis based on the clinical appearance and biopsy. The patient was treated with systemic intravenous steroid therapies and careful wound cares. Ulcers of the scalp and buttocks were treated with split thickness skin grafts. Results: Most of the multiple cutaneous ulcers were treated by systemic intravenous steroid therapies and wound cares. The rest of the ulcers were treated with skin grafts. Systemic intravenous steroid therapy was used to treat the ulcerative colitis. Conclusion: Generalized multiple ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum is very rare. Without making an accurate diagnosis, hasty surgical treatments could aggravate the progression of the disease. Additionally, care should be taken to systemically treat underlying disease as well as administrating local treatments for the skin lesions. Intravenous systemic steroid therapy and skin grafts are useful treatments for generalized pyoderma gangrenosum.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1997

Background : This study was designed to evaluate the continuous effects of single intravenous injection of antiemetics on nausea and vomiting during continuous morphine injection for postoperative pain control. Methods : Prior to the study, we divided patients into two major groups according to the type of surgery performed intra-abdominal(Open: O) and non intra-abdominal(Close: C). When patients regained orientation after routine general anesthesia, enflurane-$O_2-N_2O$, we injected bolus dose of morphine and started continuous injection of morphine for postoperative pain control(Group I; Control). After bolus injection and just before continuous injection, we injected single dose of droperidol(Group II) or ondansetron(Group III). Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pain score and symptom-therapy score were checked at 10 minutes, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36 hours after continuous morphine injection. Results : The pain score of group III was lower than group II(10 min.) and group I(24, 36 hours) in the open group. Symptom-therapy score of group III(10 min., 4, 24 hours) and group II(10 min.) were lower than group I in the open group. In the close group, symptom-therapy score of group III(8 hours) was lower than group I. Conclusions : Single intravenous injection of antiemetics have a tendency of lowering symptom-therapy score for 36 hours in spite of their relatively short elimination half-life.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.335-347
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• 2017

Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator had been the only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke since its approval in 1995. However, the restrictive time window, numerous contraindications, and its low recanalization rate were all limitations of this modality. Under those circumstances, endovascular stroke therapy went through a great evolution during the past two decades of intravenous thrombolysis. The results of the 2013 randomized trials for endovascular stroke therapy were neutral, although they were limited by insufficient imaging screening at enrollment, early-generation devices with less efficacy, and treatment delays. Huge progress was made in 2015, as there were five randomized clinical trials which all demonstrated the safety and efficacy of endovascular stroke treatment. Despite differences in detail patient enrollment criteria, all 5 trials employed key factors for good functional recovery; (1) screening with non-invasive imaging to identify the proximal occlusion and exclude a large infarct core, (2) using highly effective modern thrombectomy devices mainly with stent retriever, and (3) establishment of a fast workflow to achieve effective reperfusion. The results of those trials indicate that modern thrombectomy devices can allow for faster and more effective reperfusion, which can lead to improved clinical outcomes compared to intravenous thrombolysis alone. These advances in mechanical thrombectomy are promising in the global fight against ischemic stroke-related disability and mortality. Two current mainstreams among such mechanical thrombectomy techniques, "stent retriever thrombectomy" and "direct clot aspiration", are the topic of this review. Stent retriever thrombectomy using Solitaire and Trevo retriever will be firstly discussed. And, the commonalities and the differences between two major clot aspiration thrombectomy techniques; a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) and forced arterial suction thrombectomy (FAST), will be additionally explained. Finally, details regarding the combination of direct clot aspiration and stent retriever thrombectomy, the switching strategy and the Solumbra technique, will be described.