• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2009

목적 : 소아에서 정맥용 철분 제제 투여에 대해서는 활용할 수 있는 연구 결과가 제한되어 있다. 이번 연구에서는 만성 투석 환아에게 정맥용 철분 수크로즈 제제를 투여함에 있어서 효과 및 결과 예측 인자, 안정성을 확인해 보고자 한다. 방법 : 혈청 페리틴 농도가 100 ng/mL 이하이거나 트랜스페린 포화도가 20% 이하인 21명의 만성 투석 환자가 선정되었다. 12명의 복막 투석 환자에게 철분 수크로즈를 체표면적당 200 mg의 용량으로 2주 간격으로 4회 투여하였고, 9명의 혈액 투석 환자에게 동일한 제제를 체중당 3 mg의 용량으로 일주일 간격으로 8회 투여하였다. 결과 : 치료 후 혈청 페리틴 농도는 양측 환자에서 유의한 상승을 보였고 복막 투석 환자에서는 트랜스페린 포화도가 유의한 상승을 보였다. 그러나 혈색소 수치는 양측 환자에서 모두 의미 있는 상승을 보이지는 않았다. 기저 혈색소 수치가 10 g/dL 이하이거나 기저 트랜스페린 포화도가 20% 이하인 환자는 정맥용 철분 제제 투여 후 의미있는 혈색소 상승을 보였다. 대조적으로 기저 혈색소 수치와 트랜스페린 포화도가 높았던 환자들은 치료 후 혈청 페리틴 수치의 상승을 보였다. 심각한 부작용은 없었으나 치료하는 과정에서 6명의 복막 투석 환자에서 50% 이상의 트랜스페린 포화도를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 혈액 투석 환아에서 일주일 간격으로 체중당 3 mg의 철분제제의 정맥 투여는 안전하게 사용될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었던 반면, 복막 투석 환자에서 격주 간격으로 체표면적당 200 mg의 철분제제의 정맥 투여는 과도한 트랜스페린 포화도를 보일 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권12호
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• pp.1225-1230
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• 2007

목 적 : 만성 빈혈로 대량 수혈을 받아야 하는 환아들에서는 조직과 장기에 철이 축적될 수 있다. 이러한 환아들에서 효과적인 철킬레이트 치료의 목적은 충분한 양의 철을 제거하여 체내에서 철로 인한 장기 손상이 나타나지 않도록 하는데 있다. 본 연구는 후향적으로 대량 수혈을 받은 환아들에서 정맥 투여한 deferoxamine의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 3월부터 2007년 1월까지 15명의 대량 수혈을 받았던 환아들을 대상으로 하였으며 이들 중 수혈 의존성 환아들은 한 달에 1단위 이상의 농축 적혈구 수혈을 최근 6개월 이상 계속 받고 있는 환아들로 정의하였다. 7일 동안 deferoxamine을 10-30 mg/kg/day로 24시간 지속 정맥주입하였으며 투여 전, 후 그리고 3개월 후의 혈청 철, 총철결합능, ferritin을 수혈 의존성 환아들과 수혈 비의존성 환아들로 나누어 비교하였다. 결 과 : 6명의 남아와 9명의 여아가 있었으며 이들의 나이는 5.6-21.3(중앙값 8.3)세였고 수혈 의존성 환아들은 7명, 수혈 비의존성 환아들은 8명이었다. 수혈 의존성 환아들의 ferritin은 deferoxamine 투여 전과 후, 3개월 후에 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 수혈 비의존성 환아들에서는 투여 전과 비교 시 투여 3개월 후에는 의미 있는 감소를 보였다(P=0.046). Deferoxamine 정맥주입과 연관된 이상 반응은 경미하였으며 1-2일 내에 소실되었다. 결 론 : 7일 동안 정맥주입하는 deferoxamine은 수혈 비의존성 환아들에서 단기간의 효과적인 치료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되지만 수혈 의존성 환아들의 경우에는 철의 축적을 막기 위해 유지 요법이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2008

목적: 위절제술을 시행받은 환자에게 있어서 빈혈은 흔하게 보고되고 있으며, 이들 중 일부는 빈혈의 교정이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 빈혈의 치료로서 정맥용 철분제제인 Iron sucrose 사용의 유효성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 5월부터 2007년 10월까지 연세대학교 세브란스병원에서 위절제술을 시행받은 환자 중 외래추적관찰시 헤모글로빈 수치가 11 g/dl 이하인 47명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. Iron sucrose를 투여하기 전과 투여후 1주,2주,3주,3개월,6개월 뒤에 각각 혈색소(Hgb), 적혈구용적률(Hct), 혈청철(Serum iron), 총철결합능(TIBC), 혈청페리틴(Serum ferritin), 트란스페린(Transferrin)을 측정하여 효과를 전향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 47명의 환자 중 처방대로 치료를 받은 36명이 분석의 대상이 되었고 남자가 11명, 여자가 25명이었다. Hgb은 치료 전과 비교하여 치료 후 1주, 2주, 3주, 3개월, 6개월 후에는 0.6, 0.8, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 g/dl 상승하여 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보였다(각각 P<0.001). 그리고, 각 기간별로 비교하였을 때 3개월까지는 의미 있는 상승을 보였으나 3개월과 6개월 사이의 변화는 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 26명(72%)에 있어서는 Hgb이 12 g/dl 이상까지 상승하였다. 한 명의 환자에게 있어서 일시적인 오심이 발생하였고 다른 부작용이나 합병증은 보고되지 않았다. 결론: 위절제술을 시행받은 빈혈환자에 있어 정맥용 철분제제인 Iron sucrose 투여한 경우 투여 후 일주일 이내에 Hgb 상승효과를 기대할 수 있으며 적어도 3개월까지는 지속적인 Hgb의 상승을 보인다. 위절제술 후 빈혈의 치료로 Iron sucrose는 안전하면서도 빠르고 효과적으로 빈혈을 교정할 수 있다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.41-59
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• 1967

This study was aimed; firstly to observe various clinical symptomatology with reiation to the number of Ancylostoma duodenale larvae orally given to the human beings, secondly to evaluate the effects of some drugs like steroid hormones, antihistaminic3 and antitussives, and, thirdly to study the influences of some iron compounds in prevention and treatment of anemia of such origin. Ten healthy volunteers free from the previous history of hookworm infection were divided into 4 groups, to whom various numbers of actively moving filariform Ancylostoma duodenale larvae were orally given; 500 to 4 cases, 250 to 3 cases and 100 to 3 cases. Following were the results: 1. Clinical symptomatology 1. The most frequently encountered symptoms and signs were general malaise, cough and hoar seness. The tracheal itching and pain low back pain, arthralgia, sputum and salivation, acid belching, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and vomiting were also noted. 2. If the larger number of the larvae was given, the clinical symtomatology was more severe. 3. Prednisolone medication caused some improvement of such symptomatology, while the antihistaminics and antitussives like codeine or ephedrine were ineffective. 4. In volunteers whose nutritional conditions were rather poor appeared to show more severe symptomatology. 2. Effects of iron compounds 1. The oral administration of ferrous fumarate induced a slight increase of serum iron levels in the initial stage of the infection, then a decrease from $15{\sim}20$ days later and a recovery after 2 months. 2. The intravenous administration of saccharated ferric oxide induced a steady upkeep of the serum iron levels. 3. The hemoglobin contents also showed the upkeeps after either the oral or intravenous administration of the iron compounds. 4. The iron compounds, therefore, are considered to have the preventive as well as the therapeutic effects on hookworm anemia, which may strongly suggest that hookworm anemia is essentially the iron deficiency type. 3. Hematological changes 1. The severity of hookworm anemia generally correlated with the number of larvae given. 2. The moderate leucocytosis was observed in all cases regardless of the number of larvae given, which reached to a peak in $25{\sim}35$ days. 3. Eosinophilia was observed in all cases, but was more severe in cases given larger number of larvae, which was slightly less evident after the medication of prednisolone. 4. Red cell survival time The red cell survival time determined by $^{51}Cr$ was generally in the normal ranges except for the severe anemia patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2008

목적: 빈혈을 동반한 위 절제 수술 환자에서 정맥용 철수 크로오스(베노훼럼$^{(R)}$ 투여의 유효성 및 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 9월부터 2007년 2월까지 서울대학교 병원에서 위 질환으로 외과에 입원 또는 외래 치료를 받은 혈색소(Hb)가 7 g/dl 이상 11 g/dl 미만인 환자를 대상으로 수술 $2{\sim}3$주 이전 또는 수술 1개월 이후인 급성출혈의 증거가 없는 환자를 1군으로, 수술 후 1개월 미만으로 생체징후가 안정된 환자를 2군으로 분류하여 나이, 성별, 진단명을 조사하였고, Hb, 적혈구용적률(Hct), 평균적혈구용적(MCV), 혈청페리틴, 총철결합능(TlBC), 혈청철, 망상적혈구수에 대해 철수크로오스 투여 전후를 비교하였고 약물 부작용을 조사하였다. 결과: 대상 환자 수는 1군은 79명, 2군은 46명이었다. 1군에서 약물 투여 전후 비교 시 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 보였던 Hb, Hct, MCV, 혈청페리틴, TIBC, 망상적혈구 각각의 변화량의 평균은 1.3 g/dl, 4.1%, 3.1 fL, 195.0 ng/ml, -86.4 ug/dl, 0.2%였다. 2군에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 보였던 Hb, Hct, MCV, 혈청페리틴, 망상적혈구수 각각의 변화량의 평균은 1.8 g/dl, 6.1%, 3.4 fL, 259.6 ng/ml, -0.3%였다. 약물 부작용으로 2명(1.6%)의 환자에게서 국소성 정맥염이 발생하였다. 결론: 빈혈을 동반한 위 절제 수술 환자에서 정맥용 철수 크로오스의 투여는 짧은 시간에 큰 부작용 없이 빈혈 교정에 유효하였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2019

Purpose: We examined the prevalence of anemia, annual screening for anemia, and treatment of anemia with iron among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A retrospective study of U.S. pediatric patients with IBD was performed in the MarketScan commercial claims database from 2010-2014. Children (ages 1-21) with at least two inpatient or outpatient encounters for IBD who had available lab and pharmacy data were included in the cohort. Anemia was defined using World Health Organization criteria. We used logistic regression to determine differences in screening, incident anemia, and treatment based on age at first IBD encounter and sex. Results: The cohort (n=2,446) included 1,560 Crohn's disease (CD) and 886 ulcerative colitis (UC). Approximately, 85% of CD and 81% of UC were screened for anemia. Among those screened, 51% with CD and 43% with UC had anemia. Only 24% of anemia patients with CD and 20% with UC were tested for iron deficiency; 85% were iron deficient. Intravenous (IV) iron was used to treat 4% of CD and 4% UC patients overall and 8% of those with anemia. Conclusion: At least 80% of children with IBD were screened for anemia, although most did not receive follow-up tests for iron deficiency. The 43%-50% prevalence of anemia was consistent with prior studies. Under-treatment with IV iron points to a potential target for quality improvement.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2014

This study was investigated the change of concentration and toxicity of thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (TCL-SPION) on tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats. TCL-SPION at the dose of 15 mg/kg body weight was intravenously injected into the tail vein of the male Sprague-Dawley rats. The fate of TCL-SPION in serum, urine and tissues was observed during 28 days. Serum iron level was maximal at 0.25 h post-injection and gradually declined thereafter. In addition, the sinusoids of liver and the red pulp area of spleen were mainly accumulated iron from 0.5 h to 28-day post-injection. In kidney, iron deposition was detected in the tubular area until 0.5 h after injection. Malondialdehyde concentration in the liver slightly increased with time and was not different with that at zero time. In the liver and spleen, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels of TS treated with TCL-SPION were not different with those of the control during the experimental period. From the results, TCL-SPION could stay fairly long-time in certain tissues after intravenous injection without toxicity. The results indicated that TCL-SPION might be useful and safe as a contrast for the diagnosis of cancer or a carrier of therapeutic reagents to treat diseases.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2007

We demonstrate the capability of differential-phase optical coherence tomography (DP-OCT) to detect superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles taken up by liver parenchymeal macrophages (Kupffer cells). We apply an external time-varying high-intensity focused magnetic field. Our experiments demonstrate a novel diagnostic modality to detect macrophages that have taken up SPIO nanoparticles. Magnetic force acting on the nanoparticles was varied by applying a sinusoidal current to a solenoid containing a conical iron core that substantially increased and focused the magnetic field strength ($B_{max}$ = 2 Tesla). $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice were sacrificed 2 days post intravenous injections of different SPIO doses (1.0, and 0.1 mmol Fe/kg body weight). Livers of $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice with and without injection of SPIO nanoparticles were investigated using DP-OCT, which detects tissue movement with nanometer resolution. Frequency response of iron-laden liver movement was twice the stimulus frequency. Movement was not observed in livers of control mice. Results of our experiments indicate DP-OCT is a candidate methodology to detect tissue based macrophages containing SPIO nanoparticles excited by an external focused magnetic field.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.17-37
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• 2006

Objectives : To observe the changes in the serum proteins after intravenous injection of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Methods : Blood was collected before and after the administration of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture and only the serum was taken. Then differences in the spots on the scanned image after carrying out 2-Dimensional electrophoresis were located and conducted mass analysis and protein identification. Results : Following results were obtained from the comparative analysis of serum proteins before and after the administration of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. 1. 28 spots were identified before and after the administration. 2. In confirming manifestation degree, spots with more than two-times increase were 204, 1302, 2205, 3105, 7104, 8006, spots with more than one-time increase were 1101, 1505, 2013, 2403, 3009, 3010, 4002, 4009, 6704, 8101, and spots with decrease were 205, 801, 803, 3205, 5202, 6105, 6106, 7103, 9001, 9003. 3. After conducting protein identification, proteins 205, 804, 1302, 4009, 6105, 6106 are unidentified yet, and 1l01 is unnamed protein. Protein 204 is identified as complement receptor CR2-C3d, 801 as YAPl protein, 803 as antitrypsin polymer, 1505 as PRO0684, 2013 and 3010 as proapolipoprotein, 2205 as USP48, 2403 as vitamin D binding protein, 3009 as complement component 4A preprotein, 3105 as immunoglobulin lambda chain, 3205 as transthyretin, 4002 as Ras-related protein Ral-A, 4204 as beta actin, 5202 and 7104 as apolipoprotein Ll, 6704 as alpha 2 macroglobulin precursor, 7103 as complement component 3 precursor, 8006 as testis-specific protein Y, 8101 as transferrin, 9001 as (Alpha-Oxy, Beta-(Cl12g)deoxy) T-State Human Hemoglobin, and 9003 as human hemoglobin. 4. Immune protein CR2-C3d(204), which acts against microbes and pathogenic organisms, was increased by more than two-times after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 5. Antitrypsin(803), which is secreted with inflammatory response in the lungs, was reduced after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 6. Proapolipoprotein(2013, 3010) and apolipoprotein(7104), key components of the HDL-cholesterol which plays an important role in preventing arteriosclerosis, were increased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 7. Vitamin D binding protein(DBP, 2403), protecting the lung at the time of inflammatory response, was increased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 8. Transthyretin(TTR, 3205), which is the main protein causing familial amyloid polyneuropathy(FAP), was decreased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 9. Ras-related protein Ral-A(4002) that controls phospholipid metabolism, cytoskeletal formation, and membrane traffic, was increased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 10. Testis-specific protein Y(8006), which takes part in determination of the gender, was increased by more than two-times after the administration of pharmacopuncture. 11. Transferrin(8101), which balances the iron level in the body, was increased after the administration of pharmacopuncture. Conclusion : Above results support the notion that intravenous injection of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture induce changes in serum proteins and this research can be a pioneer work in finding biomarkers.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2001

Chromium exposure can be in the forms of environmental pollution and occupational exposure. The harmful effects of chromium on the body greatly differ depending on its valence or solubility. Accordingly, the recommended permissible exposure limit for each chromium compound is different. This study investigated the increase or decrease of distribution and excretion of total chromium exposed simultaneously the soluble Cr+6 and Cr+3 compounds. There were no difference of total chromium concentration in plasma, red bloods cells, urine, organs between simultaneously injected and individually injected soluble Cr+6 and Cr+3 compound. The chromium clearances in urine also showed that there were two phases in the two groups. In the first phase, biological half lives of the total chromium of the two groups have been similar within 24 hr., but in the second phase, biological half life of the group injected simultaneously was 62.7 hr. and was less than that of the other group's 188.3 hr. The average concentration of total chromium in plasma was same with the control, and that of RBCs was $0.218nmol/m{\ell}$ and was slightly increased in comparison with $0.121nmol/m{\ell}$ of the control, which was not statistically significant. As a result, there were no differences of distribution and excretion of chromium between the group exposed simultaneously and the other group exposed separately the soluble Cr+6 and Cr+3 compounds. The biological half life of chromium of the former group in urine was less than that of the other group.