• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.207-224
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to identify nurse's recognition and performance and to represent the factors of hindrance in the IV therapy management. The subjects were 420 nurses who worked at five general hospitals in Pusan. Tha data were collected using a questionnaire and the period of data collection was from January 1 to January 31, 1998. The instrument for this study was made by author oneself on the basis of guidelines Simmons et al', CDC' Stanley' and Kurdi' guideline, Cllinical Nurse's Association' that consist of 68 items for 5 fields ; pre-injection, just before-injection, needle-injection, during injection, post-injection field. Cron-bach Alpha coefficient of recognition and performance in the IV therapy management was .93 and .87. The datas were analized by a SPSS program using frequency, percent, paired t-test, t-test and oneway ANOVA. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The mean score of recognition in IV therapy management was significantly higher than that of performance(t=5.86, P<.001). 2. The items of lower than mean score of each fields in performance were the identification of drugs, hands washing, patient teaching about medication, disinfectional methods of the injection site and the rubber stopper in bottle, the use of disposable gloves, mask and eye goggles at the chemotherapy preparation, use of tape and armboard, changing the IV tubing, labeling the dressing over the injection site, observation and recordings of patient's condition after medication and confirmation of the needle length at the needle removal. 3. The factors of hindrance in IV therapy were 'having no time', 'insufficiency of goods', 'unknowing of methods', 'no disadvantage', and 'factors of doctor's doing'. The most important factor was 'have no time', especially item of hands washing. The other factors of hindrance showed high frequency in the following items ; 'insufficiency of goods' in the use of disposable gloves, mask and eye goggles at the chemotherapy preparation, 'unknowing of methods' in the certification of drugs compatibility, 'no disadvantage' in the labeling the dressing over the injection site, and 'factors of doctor's doing' in the changing the subclavian catheter dressing and checking the glucose level during the TPN infusion. In conclusion, there is necessity of educational program which can improve the nurse's knowledge of drugs, disinfection methods, comfort of patient and recordings in IV therapy management and alternative plan which are political and financial aids such as setting up the sink, giving of paper towels and necessary goods in the IV therapy for reducing the factors of hindrance for IV therapy management.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1230-1238
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• 2020

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) on the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after an intravenous (IV) or intra-arterial injection of contrast medium (CM) in patient and control groups. Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial included 26 patients who were hospitalized for the evaluation of the feasibility of transcatheter aortic valve implantation and underwent investigations including contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), with Mehran risk scores greater than or equal to six. All the patients underwent four cycles of five minute-blood pressure cuff inflation followed by five minutes of total deflation. In the RIPC group (n = 13), the cuff was inflated to 50 mm Hg above the patient's systolic blood pressure (SBP); in the control group (n = 13), it was inflated to 10 mm Hg below the patient's SBP. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of CIN. Additionally, variation in the serum levels of cystatin C was assessed. Results: One case of CIN was observed in the control group, whereas no cases were detected in the RIPC group (p = 0.48, analysis of 25 patients). Mean creatinine values at the baseline, 24 hours after injection of CM, and 48 hours after injection of CM were 88 ± 32 μmol/L, 91 ± 28 μmol/L and 82 ± 29 μmol/L, respectively (p = 0.73) in the RIPC group, whereas in the control group, they were 100 ± 36 μmol/L, 110 ± 36 μmol/L, and 105 ± 34 μmol/L, respectively (p = 0.78). Cystatin C values (median [Q1, Q3]) at the baseline, 24 hours after injection of CM, and 48 hours after injection of CM were 1.10 [1.08, 1.18] mg/L, 1.17 [0.97, 1.35] mg/L, and 1.12 [0.99, 1.24] mg/L, respectively (p = 0.88) in the RIPC group, whereas they were 1.11 [0.97, 1.28] mg/L, 1.13 [1.08, 1.25] mg/L, and 1.16 [1.03, 1.31] mg/L, respectively (p = 0.93), in the control group. Conclusion: The risk of CIN after an IV injection of CM is very low in patients with Mehran risk score greater than or equal to six and even in the patients who are unable to receive preventive hyperhydration. Hence, the Mehran risk score may not be an appropriate method for the estimation of the risk of CIN after IV CM injection.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of banhasasim-tang intravenous herbal acupuncture (BST-IVHA) on emesis induced by chemotherapy in rats. Methods: This study used methotrexate(MTX)-induced Rat-Pica model. The rats were randomly allocated into seven groups; normal group, two saline groups, four Banhasasim-tang(BST) groups (groups treated with BST-IVHA). All the experimental animals except those in the normal group were injected with MTX. Those in the pre-treatment groups were treated with saline injection (saline group) or BST-IVHA (BST group) before MTX injection. Those in the post-treatment groups were treated with saline injection or BST-IVHA after MTX injection. Two different dosages of BST-IVHA solution (low dose; BST-1 group, high dose; BST-2 group) were used. The changes in body weight, food intake, and kaolin consumption at 24h, 48h, and 60h were monitored and analyzed. Results: 1. No significant change was found in body weight. 2. The food intake at 48h was increased significantly in the BST-1 pre-treatment group($19.89{\pm}0.01g$) compared to the pre-saline group($18.68{\pm}0.26g$). 3. The kaolin consumption was significantly decreased in the BST-1 pre-treatment group at 24h($0.24{\pm}0.02g$) and 60h($0.36{\pm}0.14g$), in the BST-2 pre-treatment group at 48h($0.02{\pm}0.01g$) and 60h($0.80{\pm}0.31g$) compared to the pre-saline group($24h:0.81{\pm}0.37g$, $48h:0.76{\pm}0.43g$, $60h:1.56{\pm}0.03g$). The kaolin consumption was also significantly decreased in the in the BST-1 post-treatment group at 24h($0.05{\pm}0.02g$), 48h($0.64{\pm}0.06g$) and 60h($0.14{\pm}0.05g$), in the BST-2 post-treatment group at 48h($0.01{\pm}0.01g$) and 60h($0.01{\pm}0.01g$) compared to the post-saline group($24h:0.51{\pm}0.4g$, $48h:3.58{\pm}0.33g$, $60h:2.5{\pm}0.2g$). Conclusions: BST-IVHA showed an anti-emetic effect in MTX-induced rat-pica model. This result suggests that BST-IVHA could be an effective treatment for chemotherapy-induced emesis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was conducted to analyze the single dose toxicity of Mecasin (Gami-Jakyak Gamcho buja Decoction) herbal acupuncture administered in the vein of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : All experiments were performed at the Medvill, an institution licensed to conduct nonclinical studies, under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen in this pilot study. In the experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of five male and five female animals per group. Doses of Mecasin herbal acupuncture, at 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg, were given to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, at 2 ml/kg, was administered to the control group. Mecasin herb acupuncture and normal saline were injected into the vein at once, and we observed mortality, clinical signs, weights, and gross findings for 14 days after injection. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results : There is no death or abnormality in any of the four groups. All groups put on weights favorably. There are no significant gross findings in necropsy examinations. Conclusions : The above results showed that intravenous injection of 500-2,000 mg/kg of Mecasin herb acupuncture did not cause any changes in weight or, in the results of necropsy examinations, in mortalities. Therefore, the toxicity of Mecasin herb acupuncture was not confirmed, and the presumptive lethal dose of Mecasin herb acupuncture was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. The outcomes suggest that treatment with Mecasin herbal acupuncture is relatively safe. Further evaluations on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of low-dose intravenous N-acetylcysteine on the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT). Methods: All patients presenting to our emergency department and undergoing CT with intravenous contrast media between August 2014 and April 2016 were retrospectively enrolled. We included hospitalized patients with renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 30 and $89mL/min/1.73m^2$]. A 600-mg injection of N-acetylcysteine was given to patients once before and once immediately after CT, depending on the preference of physician. The primary outcome was CIN defined as an increase in creatinine level of ${\geq}25%$ or ${\geq}0.5mg/dL$ from the baseline within 48 to 72 hours after CT. A trained person blindly reviewed all medical records. Results: Of the 1903 admitted patients, CIN occurred in 9.8% of patients who received 1200 mg intravenous N-acetylcysteine (24/244) and 6.8% of patients who did not (113/1659, p=0.090). In a multivariable regression analysis, N-acetylcystine was not relevant to the prevention of CIN (odds ratio=1.42 [95% CI, 0.90-2.26]). Even in the stratified analysis using the propensity score matching, N-acetylcysteine was irrelevant (GFR 30-59: odds ratio=1.06 [95% CI, 0.43-2.60]; GFR 60-89: odds ratio=1.76 [95% CI, 0.75-4.14]). After adjustment, crystalloids were significantly associated with the reduction in CIN compared with dextrose water (odds ratio=0.60 [95% CI, 0.37-0.97]). Conclusion: No effect was found when low-dose intravenous N-acetylcysteine was used to prevent CIN. However, there seems to be an association between crystalloids and reduction in CIN.

• 대한간호
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1998

Yeung Nam University Medical Center, Department Of Central medical Supply Background: The adverse effect of intravenous therapy combined with various complications. Because sterilization technique and appropriate nursing care can prevent various complications, it is important to use appropriate sponge in intravenous therapy. The purpose of study was to identy sterilization effect and detection of bacteria and to provide basic data for use of appropriate disinfectants. Methods: From May 15 1995 to Aug. 3. 1995, disinfectants that were used in Yeung Nam University Medical Center were tested by bacteria culture. To test sterilization effect of disinfectants of intravenous injection sites after disinfection, 10 subjects were used and were tested by bacteria culture for the study. Results: 1) By sterilization effect of disinfectants, bacteria were increased from 103 to 10 from 48 hours in both 2% Zephanon and 2% zephanon that was sterilized by steam, from 10 to 10 from 72 hours and 10 from 48 hours in 70% lsoprophyl alchol. Also, bacterias were detected in 70% lsoprophyl alchol on 48 hours. 2) By stenlization effect of sponge that were used in nursing unit, bacterias were detected in 2% Zephanon on 2 hours, 70% lsoprophyl alchol on 2 hours, 70% lsoprophyl alchol on 8 hours and 70% lsoprophyl alchol on 48 hours. 3) By sterilization effect and detection of bacteria of intravenous site after disinfection, bacterias were detected in 10 of 10 control groups, 8 of 10 sites that were disinfected by steam sterilized 2% zephanon sponge, 6 of 10 sites that were disinfected by 70% lsoprophyl alchol and 4 of 10 sites that were disinfected by 10% Batadine. Conclusions : it is conclued that 70% lsoprophyl alchol is appropriate for intravenous therapy and 10% Betadine is appropriate in ward that were polluted the air and in immunodeficient patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-67
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• 2004

Dehydroevodiamine (DHED) is one of the bioactive components of the Chinese herbal medicine Wu-chu-yu-tang that has been shown to produce various pharmacological effects. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of DHED after intravenous administration of two doses (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) in anesthetized rats. The plasma concentration of DHED was measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The mean area under the curve of the time-concentration profile was $21.9\;and\;53.9\;{\mu}g{\cdot}min/ml$ after the 2.5- and 5-mg/kg doses, respectively, and the volume of distribution was 1584.9 and 1580.6 ml following 2.5- and 5-mg/kg doses, respectively. Plasma concentration profiles versus time were compatible with a two-compartment model and first-order kinetics. The terminal elimination half-life was $91.8{\pm}16.6\;min$ and $78.7{\pm}11.9\;min$ in the dose of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, respectively. This is the first report to study the pharmacokinetics of DHED in animals.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2012

Objectives: This report is aimed to investigate the efficacy of Korean medicine including intravenous Cultivated Wild Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Pharmacopuncture(CWGP) with intractable cervical dysplasia patient. Methods: A 49-year-old woman who was diagnosed as cervical dysplasia on Feb 2012 was treated with Korean medicine for 3 months. Korean medicine includes intravenous CWGP, acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine. The effect of therapies was evaluated with human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid(HPV DNA) testing. And lower limb cold sense and genital pruritus were recorded with Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). Results: Lower limb cold sense and genital pruritus were decreased from VAS 8-9(2012.04.11.) to VAS 1-2(2012.07.10.). HPV DNA test result was changed from positive to negative. From these results, this report suggests that the Korean medicine, especially CWGP may be a useful method to treat intractable cervical dysplasia. Conclusions: This report shows that Korean medical treatments are effective on intractable cervical dysplasia.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.731-741
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• 1996

ELISA kit for cortisol was developed and then evaluated. Polyclonal antihydrocortisone-3-(o-carboxymethyl)oxime BSA rabbit serum was used to coat the 96-well microplates. The minimum detection limit of the kit was 250pg of cortisol per milliliter. The within-run variation and the day to day variation of the ELISA system were 2.0 and 5.9 at maximum, respectively. The kit was used to determine whether salivary cortisol concentration could replace blood cortisol concentration in dexamathasone suppression test of dogs. Changes of cortisol concentration were measured in serum or saliva after intravenous administration of 0.01mg of dexamethasone per kilogram of body weight. Blood alone, saliva alone or both were collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes after injection of dexamethasone. The change in blood cortisol concentration was found to be suitable in dexamathasone suppression test of dogs, but the change in salivary cortisol concentration was not. The kit was also used to determine whether salivary cortisol concentration could be a stress index as well as blood cortisol concentration in dogs. Two types of trial were performed to estimate the stress either by blood or salivary cortisol concentration. The first trial was stress experiment by intravenous injection of 0.2IU of PZI-insulin per kilogram body weight. Either blood alone or saliva alone was collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after insulin administration. Both blood and salivary cortisol concentration were found to be suitable index in estimating stress from hypoglycemia by injection of insulin. The second trial was stress experiment by electrical irritation. The dogs were irritated with anti-bark device for 10 seconds. Blood was collected before and at 2 and 5 minutes after electrical irritation. Saliva was collected before and at 3 and 6 minutes after electrical irritation. The blood cortisol concentration, but not the salivary cortisol concentration was found to be suitable index in estimating stress from electrical irritation. Cushing syndrome in a dog was also successfully diagnosed with this kit.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권3호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2014

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow or adipose tissue can successfully repair emphysematous animal lungs, which is a characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we describe the cellular distribution of MSCs that were intravenously injected into mice with elastase-induced emphysema. The distributions were also compared to the distributions in control mice without emphysema. Methods: We used fluorescence optical imaging with quantum dots (QDs) to track intravenously injected MSCs. In addition, we used a human Alu sequence-based real-time polymerase chain reaction method to assess the lungs, liver, kidney, and spleen in mice with elastase-induced emphysema and control mice at 1, 4, 24, 72, and 168 hours after MSCs injection. Results: The injected MSCs were detected with QD fluorescence at 1- and 4-hour postinjection, and the human Alu sequence was detected at 1-, 4- and 24-hour postinjection in control mice (lungs only). Injected MSCs remained more in mice with elastase-induced emphysema at 1, 4, and 24 hours after MSCs injection than the control lungs without emphysema. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that injected MSCs were observed at 1 and 4 hours post injection and more MSCs remain in lungs with emphysema.