• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the clinical factors which affected the amount and the duration of infusion of intravenous (IV) heparin on ischemic stroke. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to examine the factors. A total of 101 patients with ischemic stroke from a University hospital in G-city, Korea from January to December, 2006 were participated in this study. Data were analyzed by t- and ANOVA test, correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Result: This study showed that the patients who have been temporarily stopped to infuse iv heparin for more than one hour, had cardioembolic stroke, and had the lower count of initial red blood cell (RBC) had significantly lower amount of iv heparin infusion per body surface. In addition, this study founded that the patients with lower count of initial RBC and the lower level of initial blood sugar were significantly less likely to have the lower length of iv heparin infusion. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring and controlling the count of RBC and the level of blood sugar are needed to increase the efficacy of iv heparin therapy on ischemic stroke. Further empirical studies should be conducted to support the results of this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.745-754
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of cholate and deoxycholate on pancreatic exocrine secretion in conscious sheep with external bile and pancreatic fistulae. Bile and pancreatic juices were collected for a basal period of 2 hours. The pancreatic juice was returned to the intestine. Bile salts were infused into the jugular vein or duodenum for 90 minutes at the rate of 0.7mg/kg/min. Cholate and deoxycholate significantly increased the flow rate, pH and bicarbonate concentration of bile juice, but decreased the flow rate of pancreatic juice. The effects induced by intraduodenal infusion of both bile salts were significantly greater than those by intravenous infusion. Protein concentration and amylase activity in pancreatic juice were also significantly decreased by both bile salts; the effects were greater when the bile salts were infused into the duodenum than into the vein. The inhibitory effects induced by deoxycholate infusion were significantly greater than those by cholate infusion. The plasma concentration of secretin was significantly increased by intravenous infusion of deoxycholate, but it was not effected by intraduodenal infusion of both bile salts. The results indicated that cholate and deoxycholate markedly increased the secretion of bile juice and decreased the pancreatic exocrine secretion, although these effects were variable depending on the chemical composition or infusion routes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4843-4846
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• 2013

Background: The infusion rate is considered to affect incidence and severity of infusion reactions (IRs) caused by protein formulations. Trastuzumab (TRS) is approved for 90-minute infusion as the initial dose followed by 30-minute infusion with 250 ml saline. In the study, we evaluated the safety of TRS intravenously administered over 30 minutes with 100 ml saline to reduce burden of patients, safety of infusion with 250 ml saline already being established. Materials and Methods: Women with HER2 positive breast cancer, ${\geq}18$ years and ${\geq}55%$ left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), were registered in the study. Patients received 8mg/kg of TRS 250 ml over 90 minutes followed by 6mg/kg of TRS 100ml over 30 minutes in a three-week cycle. Results: A total of 31 patients were recruited, 24 for adjuvant therapy and seven with metastases. The median age was 59 years (range 39 to 82). The total number of TRS doses ranged from 5 to 17 with the median of 15. Mild IR occurred in two patients at the first dose. However, no IR was observed after reducing to 100 ml saline. No decrease of LVEF, increase of serum brain natriuretic peptide or any other adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Intravenous infusion of TRS with 100 ml saline over 30 minutes in breast cancer patients can be considered safe based on results from the study. It can be given on an outpatient basis as with the currently recommended dilution in 250 ml saline.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.321-325
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• 1998

Most of the patients with pain resulting from advanced cancer need opioid for adequate analgesia. Various Methods of drug administration to control the pain have been developed. One of them, continuous administration of intravenous morphine is used for more effective pain control in the patient with severe pain that cannot be satisfactorily controlled by other Methods of morphine administration. But this is not a suitable method at home because of the possibility of serious infectious complications and the difficulty in managing intravenous access by untrained personnel. Continuous subcutaneous adminstration of drugs can not only overcome such disadvantages of continuous intravenous infusion but also get almost the same effect of pain control as continuous intravenous infusion, and allows opportunity to move freely and return home, improving quality of life. We used continuous subcutaneous morphine and metoclopramide in the patients with cancer pain via a portable PCA device, and accomplished satisfactory pain relief without significant side effect.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1974

Acute pulmonary edema was induced by intravenous injection of epinephrine, intravenous infusion of dextran and intratracheal instillation of acid solution index was determined from pressure volume curves in excised lungs. Surface activity was also investigated with measurements of maximum and minimum surface tension and stability index on saline extracts of same lungs. The results were as follows. 1. The expansion index of excised lung in which pulmonary edema was induced by intravenous injection of epinephrine, intravenous infusion of dextran and intratracheal instillation of acid solution was ignificantly decreased as compared with the normal control of $0.86{\pm}0.017$ to $0.74{\pm}0.03$, $0.71{\pm}0.081$and $0.76{\pm}0.02$, respectively. 2. The deflation curves of excised lungs in which pulmonary edema was induced were significantly decreased as compared with the normal controls. 3. The minimum surface tension of excised lung in which pulmonary edema was induced was significantly increased in each groups and stability index was significantly decreased as compared with the normal controls 0.78 to $0.35{\pm}0.039$, $0.29{\pm}0.02 $ and $0.31{\pm}0.083$, respectively. 4. The decrease of pulmonary surface activity in acute pulmonary edema was in proportion to the degree of pulmonary edema regardless of their etiology.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2003

Astromicin is an aminoglycoside antiviotic that is structually different from conventional aminoglycosides. Astromicin has been shown to be active against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. The pharmacokinetics of astromicin were determined in 12 healthy volunteers ($65.5\pm5.23\;kg$ of body weight) following a 30-min continuous intravenous infusion at a dose of 200 mg. The plasma and urine samples were collected up to 24 h and drug concentrations were measured by a bioassay using Bacillus subtilis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by fitting individual concentration-time curve to a one-exponential decay model. The plasma levels were $16.9\pm1.68\;and\;1.05\pm0.346\l{\mu}g/ml$ at 0 h and 8 h after the infusion, respectively. The elimination half-life of astromicin was $1.86\pm0.360\;h$ The volume of distribution was $0.182\pm0.0164\;L/kg$, and the total body clearance was $5.25\pm1.74\;L/h$. These pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to these of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. Therefore, it is recommended that therapeutic drug monitoring of astromicin could be conducted in a similar fashion as the other aminoglycosides.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.114-126
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and satisfaction with IVIC300 (Intravenous infusion controller). Method: The subjects consisted of 90 nurses and 100 patients. Data collected during July 2013 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and $X^2$-test (Chi-Square). Result: The error value of IVIC300 was less than that of Dosi-flow. Differences of error values according to variable of fluid infusion (needle's gauge, patient's moving, patient's calls, and nurse's arabitary calls) were not significant. The mean scores for satisfaction with IVIC300 of nurses ($3.67{\pm}.76$), patients ($3.75{\pm}.63$) were above average. Satisfaction with IVIC300 of nurses differed significantly according to age, work unit, and clinical career. Satisfaction with IVIC300 of patients was not significantly different according to general characteristics. Conclusion: These findings indicate that it is proven the accuracy of IVIC300, and is considered individual characteristics in use IVIC300.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.518-526
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• 2017

Objective : Thromboembolism is the one of the most serious complications that can occur during endovascular coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm. We report on the effectiveness and safety of intra-arterial/intravenous (IA/IV) glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (tirofiban) infusion for treating thromboembolism during endovascular coil embolization of cerebral aneurysm. Methods : We performed a retrospective analysis of 242 patients with ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysms (n=264) who underwent endovascular coil embolization from January 2011 to June 2014. Thromboembolism occurred in 20 patients (7.4%), including 14 cases of ruptured aneurysms and 6 cases of unruptured aneurysms. The most common site of aneurysms was the anterior communicating artery (n=8), followed by middle cerebral artery (n=6). When we found an enlarged thromboembolism during coil embolization, we tried to dissolve it using tirofiban administered via IA and IV loading ($5{\mu}g/kg$, respectively) for 3-5 minutes followed by IV maintenance ($0.08{\mu}g/kg/min$) for approximately 4-24 hours. Results : In 4 of 5 patients with total vessel occlusion, the vessel was recanalized to Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Perfusion Scale (TICI) grade 3, and in 1 patient to TICI grade 2a. In 2 patients with partial vessel occlusion and 13 patients with minimal occlusion, the vessel recanalized to TICI grade 3. Irrelevant intracerebral hemorrhage was noted in 1 patient (5%), and thromboemboli-related cerebral infarction developed in 5 patients (25%), of which only 1 (5%) was symptomatic. Conclusion : IA/IV infusion and IV maintenance with tirofiban appear to be an effective rescue treatment for thromboembolism during endovascular coil embolization in patients with ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysms.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1977

By the intravenous infusion of saline solution through the postcaval vein, the effects of increasing the venous return on the heart rate were studied in the water turtle (Amyda japonica). The following results were obtained: 1) Prior to saline infusion, when the initial heart rate was below $50{\sim}55/min$ the heart rate was increased by the infusion. When the initial rate was above this value no changes in heart rate were observed following the infusion. 2) When the heart rate was decreased by vagal stimulation, the infusion elicited a remarkable increase in the heart rate. 3) Increased heart rate caused by tile infusion was not affected by vagotomy or sympathectomy. 4) These results suggest that the increase in heart rate secondary to increased venous return is under the control of a myogenic regulatory mechanism, not a neural mechanism.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2007

Purpose: Gaining vascular access is difficult and time-consuming in critically ill children, so nowdays, in many countries, intraosseous vascular access is frequently used for rapid vascular access in critically ill children. Its pharmacokinetics is close to that of the peripheral intravenous route, but its infusion flow rate is faster. The purpose of this study was to determine how widely the intraosseous infusion technique was being used in Korean emergency departments. Methods: We telephoned forty-two (42) randomly selected university-affiliated hospitals. We asked physicians if they use the intraosseous infusion technique. Responders were emergency and pediatric residents and emergency faculty. If they responded that they were not using the intraosseous infusion technique, we asked the reason. Also, we asked about their experiences with the intraosseous infusion technique. Results: Forty-two (42) hospitals were enrolled in this study. No hospital used the intraosseous infusion technique on a regular basis. However, 8 hospitals used the intraosseous infusion technique occasionally. None of the responders had experience with the intraosseous infusion technique. Conclusion: The intraosseous infusion technique is currently underrepresented at emergency departments in Korea.