• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.441-446
• /
• 2001

플루마제닐은 벤조다이아제핀계 약물의 길항제로서, 정주로를 통하여 체내에 투여된다. 그러나 정주로가 확보되지 않은 상태에서 플루마제닐의 길항작용이 필요할 때에는 정주로 이외의 체내 투여로가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 미다졸람으로 심진정을 유도한 후 플루마제닐의 경비투여로 인한 의식 상태의 가역을 임상시험하였다. 성인남녀 25명을 대상으로 미다졸람을 소량씩 0.08mg/kg까지 투여하여 의식소실을 유도하였다. 미다졸람 투여 10분 후 플루마제닐 0.5mg을 1분 동안 주사기를 이용하여 천천히 경비투여하였다. 환자감시에는 심전도, 자동혈압계, 호기말 이산화 탄소분압 백박산소포화도 등을 사용하였다. 진정의 정도는 진정점수와 뇌파감시를 이용한 bispectral index로 평가하였다. 플루마제닐 투여 직전에 미다졸람과 플루마제닐의 혈중 농도를, 플루마제닐 투여 후 5, 10, 및 20분 후에 혈청 플루마제닐 농도를 측정하였다. 플루마제닐의 경비투여 후 완전한 길항효과를 나타낸 경우는 전체 25명 중 2명이었다. 혈청 플루마제닐의 농도는 투여 10분 후에 최고치에 도달하였고, 20분간 지속되었다. 진정점수는 미다졸람 투여 후 증가한 뒤 플루마제닐 투여 후 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 bispectral index는 미다졸람 투여 후 시간경과에 따라 유의하게 감소하였으나, 플루마제닐 투여후에는 유의 한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 0.1m/ml 농도의 플루마제닐 0.5mg 경비투여는 미다졸람으로 유도된 심진정시 길항효과가 완전하지 않았으나, 경비투여 후 혈액에서 플루마제닐의 농도측정이 가능하였다는 결과는 임상사용 가능성을 제시하며 정주용으로 사용되는 플루마제닐의 농도가 낮은 점을 보완할 수 있는 새로운 제재의 고안이 필요하다고 생각된다.lis 단독 배양시 ml당 $2.1\times10^8$ 이었으나, S. oralis와 4주의 분리균주 혼합 배양시 S. oralis는 $1.4\times10^7$ 내지 $7.0\times10^7$으로 감소되었다. 6. 3주의 분리균주로 부터 약 60 kb의 plasmid를 분리 할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 구강에서 분리된 E. durans는 S. mutans의 증식을 억제하여 인공치태 형성을 저지하였고, S. oralis의 증식은 약간 억제하였다.5), II군과 I군간에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p>0.05). 본 실험에서 시도한 두 가지 진정요법이 비교적 높은 임상적 치료 성공률(II군 : 97.14%, III군 : 88.57%)을 보여 만족할 만한 결과를 나타낸 것으로 평가되었다.tosan film보다 큰 수증기 투과도를 보였다.적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.y tissue layer thinning은 3 군모두에서 관찰되었고 항암 3 일군이 가장 심하게 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과를 보면 술전 항암제투여가 초기에 시행한 경우에는 조직의 치유에 초기 5 일정도까지는 영향을 미치나 7 일이 지나면 정상범주로 회복함을 알수 있었고 실험결과 항암제 투여후 3 일째 피판 형성한 군에서 피판치유가 늦어진 것으로 관찰되어 인체에서 항암 투여후 수술시기는 인체면역계가 회복하는 시기를 3주이상 경과후 적어도 4주째 수술시기를 정하는 것이 유리하리라 생각되었다.한 복합레진은 개발의 초기단계이며, 물성의 증가를 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.또 다른 약물인 glycyrrhetinic acid($100{\mu}M$)도 CCh 자극으로 인한 타액분비를 억제하였다. 이상의

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 1981

The experimental study was undertaken to confirm the effect of vaccination of birds with Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines on the Market by use of th. various vaccination programs. Sixteen groups of birds varying from 2 to f days of age, which were originated from hyper-immunised hens against ND were immunised by three different ways, a live vaccine only, a killed vaccine only, and the combination of a live and killed vaccine according to the each schedule of employed programs. In the administration of a live vaccine only, birds were immunized by one of following methods, the combination of intranasal and intraocular inoculation, intramuscular inoculation, via drinking water and the double inoculation by spray and drinking water application. Except for the double application, all the birds were vaccinated 2,3 or 4 times with two volumes of the virus dose (drinking water application) instructed by the commercial vaccine laboratory, until 21, 28 or 30 days of age, and all the immunized birds 19, 21 or 28 days postvaccination were challenged intramuscularly with 1.0$m\ell$ of 10,000 MLD per $m\ell$ of a virulent ND virus. In the administration of the combination of a live and killed vaccine, birds were immunized 2 or 3 times intranasally at first until 14 or 28 days of age with the same dose of the above experiment of a live vaccine, and then inoculated intramuscularly 1 or 2 times until 60 days of age with 1.0 $m\ell$ of a killed vaccine. And all immunized birds 11 days postvaccination were challenged with the same procedure of the above experiment. In the administration of a killed vaccine only, birds were immunized 3 times intramuscularly until 28 days of age with varied dose (0.2-0.5 $m\ell$) of a killed vaccine and all immunized birds 33 days postvaccination were challenged with the same procedure of the above experiment. The results obtained are summerised as follows: All birds vaccinated by using the combination of a live and killed vaccine program or a killed vaccin only appeared to be refractory. without any sign of illness, to the challenge exposure with 1.0$m\ell$ of 10,000 MLD per $m\ell$ of a virulent ND virus. On the other hand, the survival rates of birds of live vaccine groups immunized by a number of vaccine program such as Salsbury's day old program, 3-3-3 program, the Institute of Veterinary Reserch program and Multiple inoculation program, were 39.58%, 43.7%, 43.75% and 47.80%, respectively. And the survival rates of birds vaccinated with a live vaccine by 4 different ways of administration, i.e., double inoculation by water and aerosol application, intramuscular injection, intranasal instillation and via 4.inking water were 87.50%, 64.06%, 42.18% and 25.00%, respectively.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the cause of a new duck disease occured in southern part of Korea. A meat type duck farm located in Kangjin, Chonnam Province had experienced outbreaks of septicemic disease at around 20 days of age in nearly every batch of ducklings from early spring to early summer in 1989. Main symptoms of the birds were eye and nasal discharge, depression, inappetence, diarrhea and nervous signs such as tremor and ataxia. Some birds died suddenly without any signs. Mortality reached from 20% to 80% in severe cases. The autopsy findings of the affected ducklings revealed consistantly severe airsacculitis, fibropericarditis, perihepatitis and occasionaly enteritis and distended ureter with urate deposit. A rod shaped gram-negative bacterium was isolated purely from brain and liver of the diseased ducks by culturing the specimens on blood agar for 48 hours in candle jar. The isolate neither produced hemolysis nor grew on MacConKey Agar. It formed colony relatively slowly being recognizable at least 36 hours after culturing, reaching colony size of about 1mm in diameter at 48 hours culture. The colony looked iridescent under oblique light and had muddy odor. The isolate did not ferment carbohydrates tested but produced gelatinase, hippuricase and oxidase which were considered as characteristics of P anatipestifer. The isolate induced similar signs and lesions when infected experimentally into ducks of 3 to 38 days age via intraperitoneum or intratrachea. However it did not produce any clinical signs wen inoculated via intranasal route. It produced only mild signs in chicken just injected with a very large dose. The bacteria did not produce any signas or lesions in mice. It was concluded through biochemical and physiological tests and animal inoculation tests that the new disease was caused by P anatipestifer.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to elucidate the pathogenesis of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) by histopathologic examination. The first Korean ADV Isolate, which was isolated from piglets with clinical signs of Aujeszky's disease in Yangsan(YS) county, Kyungnam province, was inoculated into 32 days old piglets with a dose of $10^{5.9}$$TCID_{50}/ml$ through intranasal or intramuscular route. These piglets were sacrificed at intervals of every 24hrs for 8 days. The virulence of YS strain was determined by the observation of clinical signs, gross findings, and histopathologic changes in tissues. The virus recovery test was performed from brain, spleen, lung and tonsil in cell culture. The pathogenesis of YS strain was determined by the observation of histopathologlc lesions in CNS and neuronal tracts. The major clinical signs were fever, anorexia, dyspnea, constipation, tremor, ataxia, circling movement, hindleg paralysis and salivation. The clinical signs were more severe in piglets of the group inoculated intranasally than those of the intramuscularly inoculated gorup. Lymphocytopenia was detected on day 5 to day 6 postinoculation (PI). The ADV was recovered from the tissue homogenates of tonsil, lung, spleen and cerebrum in cell culture. The highest virus titer was detected from tonsil between day 6 and day 7 PI. Reddish sublobar consolidation foci were scattered in the apical and cardiac lobes of lung. Although yellowish necrotic foci were detected in tonsil and liver, hemorrhagic lesions were mainly observed in heart, kidney and lymph nodes. Histopathologically, degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells, nonsuppurative meningoe-ncephalitis, nodular gliosis and perivascular cuffings were observed in CNS. Multifocal fibronecrotic foci were observed in lung, liver, lymph nodes and spleen. The major pathologic changes were detected in the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were mainly observed in epithelia and /or macrophages of tonsil, liver, lung, spleen and submandibular lymph nodes, and neurons of brain, respectively. Observation of viral particles at various stages of replication were possible from the endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries and tonsillar crypt epithelia by transmission electron microscope.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.859-871
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of Aujeszky's disease viral nucleic acids and antigens in the central nervous system (CNS) of piglets. The first Korean isolate of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) that isolated from naturally infected piglets in Yang San, was inoculated into 32 day old piglets with $10^{5.9}TCID_{50}/ml$ through intranasal or intramuscular route. These piglets were sacrificed at every 24hrs for 8 days. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to detect the viral antigens in paraffin-embedded tissue sections using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. The viral nucleic acids were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH) using ADV specific DNA probe labeled with digoxigenin. The ADV antigens were detected in reticuloendothelial cells of spleen, lymph nodes and tonsil, alveolar walls, leptomeningeal vascular walls, inflammatory foci of each organ, and nerve cells. The viral nucleic acids were detected in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and its tracts of the pons and medulla oblongata by the ISH technique. The pathways of AD viruses in CNS were determined by IHC and ISH. In the intranasally inoculated group, the viruses in nasal mucosa moved to medulla oblongata and pons through the trigeminal nerve. In case of intramuscullarly inoculated group, viruses moved to brain via lymphoid organs or spinal nerves from sciatic nerves.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제57권5호
• /
• pp.543-547
• /
• 2019

Toxoplasma gondii can infect humans worldwide, causing serious diseases in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. T. gondii rhoptry protein 13 (ROP13) is known as one of the key proteins involved in host cell invasion. In this study, we generated virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine expressing T. gondii rhoptry ROP13 and investigated VLPs vaccine efficacy in mice. Mice immunized with ROP13 VLPs vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of T. gondii-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA antibody responses following boost immunization and challenge infection, whereas antibody inductions were insignificant upon prime immunization. Differing immunization routes resulted in differing antibody induction, as intranasal immunization (IN) induced greater antibody responses than intramuscular immunization (IM) after boost and challenge infection. IN immunization induced significantly higher levels of IgG and IgA antibody responses from feces, antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), $CD4^+$ T, $CD8^+$ T cells and germinal center B cell responses in the spleen compared to IM immunization. Compared to IM immunization, IN immunization resulted in significantly reduced cyst counts in the brain as well as lesser body weight loss, which contributed to better protection. All of the mice immunized through either route survived, whereas all na?ve control mice perished. These results indicate that the ROP13 VLPs vaccine could be a potential vaccine candidate against T. gondii infection.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.49.1-49.13
• /
• 2022

Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHP) are economically significant pathogens in the pig industry. The use of combined vaccines against PCV2 and MHP is one of the most effective ways of protecting pigs from both diseases, and it has become a part of general management. Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of two new bivalent vaccines of PCV2 and MHP (Myco-X and Myco-XD) in SPF pigs. Myco-X and Myco-XD are a combined vaccine of MHP with PCV2b and PCV2d, respectively. Methods: Sixteen pigs were divided into four groups: Myco-X-vaccinated challenged, Myco-XD-vaccinated challenged, unvaccinated challenged, and unvaccinated unchallenged. Two milliliters of Myco-X were administered intramuscularly, and 0.5 mL of Myco-XD was injected intradermally at 3 wk of age. The pigs were challenged with virulent PCV2d via the intramuscular and intranasal route 4 wk post-vaccination. Results: All vaccinated pigs showed effective reduction of the clinical signs, the PCV2d load in the blood and nasal swab samples, as well as lung and lymphoid tissue lesions in the challenge test. Compared to unvaccinated challenged animals, the vaccinated challenged animals showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of anti-PCV2 IgG, PCV2d-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and anti-MHP IgG. Conclusions: Based on clinical, microbiological, serological, and pathological assessments, this study confirmed that both combined vaccines could protect pigs against PCV2 infection caused by PCV2d. On the other hand, further research on the efficacy evaluation of these new vaccines against the MHP challenge and PCV2d/MHP co-challenge is needed.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 1981

본 연구는 오늘날 뉴캣슬병(ND) 예방접종 목적에 널러 쓰여지는 Adjuvant가 불활화예방약과 약독주 생독예방약(LV)의 두가지 중 특히 논의가 많은 LV의 접종경로에 따르는 면역효과를 밝혀. 그 결과를 일반에게 명확히 제시하여 본병방과에 도움을 주는 목적으로 시행하였다. 이 연구를 위해서 먼저 LV생산재료로 사용되는 $B_1$ 접종 발육계묘에서 얻은 장요막질액의 접종경로별 면역력가를 30일영추를 공시하여 측정한 후, 그 유효량을 사용하여 분무, 비강내적하 근육주사, 음수투여의 4가지 경로를 통해서 상기시험일때와 동일하게 30일추에 각각 접종, 접종경로별로 면역효과를 비교 검토하였다. 그리하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. $10^{8.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$의 역가를 가진 $B_1$독주장요막강액재료의 10진희척 각단계액을 30일추에 대하여 업종경로별 각소정량을 분무, 비강내적하, 근육주사하였을 때 상기재료의 $10^{-2}$ 희척($10^{6.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$) 응용은 만족한 면역성을 부여하였으나 $10^{-3}$희척($10^{5.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$)에서는 만족스럽지 못하였으며 I $D_{50}$(-log)는 근육주사=2.8, 분묘＞4.1, 비강내적하＞4.2이었다. 2. $10^{-2}$ 희포장요막강($10^{6.5}$ EI $D_{50}$$m\ell$)의 접종경로별 각소정량을 30일령 공시추에 접종경로를 달리하여 접종하였을 때 10,000MLD/$m\ell$ ND 병독/$m\ell$의 근육내접종공격에 대한 내과율은 분무가 93.75%, 비강내적하가 95.3%, 근육내접종이 92.6%의 좋은 성적이었는데 반하여 식수투여는 47.18%로 극히 불량하고, 시험한 4가지 접종경로 중 가장 낮은 성적이었다. 낮은 성적이었다.은 성적이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.591-599
• /
• 2008

A murine model immunized by systemic and mucosal delivery of plasmid DNA vaccine expressing glycoprotein B (pCIgB) of pseudorabies virus (PrV) was used to evaluate both the nature of the induced immunity and protection against a virulent virus. With regard to systemic delivery, the intramuscular (i.m.) immunization with pCIgB induced strong PrV-specific IgG responses in serum but was inefficient in generating a mucosal IgA response. Mucosal delivery through intranasal (i.n.) immunization of pCIgB induced both systemic and mucosal immunity at the distal mucosal site. However, the levels of systemic immunity induced by i.n. immunization were less than those induced by i.m. immunization. Moreover, i.n. genetic transfer of pCIgB appeared to induce Th2-biased immunity compared with systemic delivery, as judged by the ratio of PrV-specific IgG isotypes and Th1- and Th2-type cytokines produced by stimulated T cells. Moreover, the immunity induced by i.n. immunization did not provide effective protection against i.n. challenge of a virulent PrV strain, whereas i.m. immunization produced resistance to viral infection. Therefore, although i.n. immunization was a useful route for inducing mucosal immunity at the virus entry site, i.n. immunization did not provide effective protection against the lethal infection of PrV.