• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권12C호
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• pp.1153-1161
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• 2005

가장 최근에 표준화된 H.264 동영상 압축 부호화 방식은 이전의 비디오 부호화 방식에 비해 율-왜곡 관점에서 높은 성능을 보이지만 더불어 부호기의 복잡도가 상당히 증가하는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 H.264 비디오 부호화에서 인터/인트라 예측을 위한 적응적이고도 효율적인 복잡도 감소 알고리즘을 제시한다. 제안하는 인터 예측 알고리즘은 효율적이고 간단한 모드 결정 방법을 제시하며 그에 따른 움직임 추정 기법을 적응적으로 적용하여 복잡도를 감소시킨다. 또한 인트라 예측에서 기존에 계산된 최소 율-왜곡 비용을 인트라 $16{\times}16$과 인트라 $4{\times}4$ 모드 결정에 이용하여 복잡도를 줄이는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 전체 부호화 시간을 최대 $60.9\%$까지 감소시키는데 비해 PSNR이나 비트율에는 거의 손실을 발생시키지 않는 장점이 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권1C호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2005

H.264 부호화 표준은 부호화 효율을 높이기 위해 1/4 화소 단위의 움직임 추정, 다중 참조 프레임, 인트라 예측, 루프 필터, 다양한 블록 크기의 지원 등과 같은 새로운 부호화 도구들을 사용한다. 이를 통해 이전의 비디오부호화 표준들에 비해 율-왜곡(率歪曲) 관점에서 높은 성능을 보이지만 그로 인해 부호기의 복잡도는 상당히 증가한다. 본 논문은 부호기 복잡도의 증가를 초래하는 주요 부호화 도구들 중 매크로블록 모드 선택의 복잡도 감소에 주안(主眼)점을 두며, 이에 대한 복잡도 감소 알고리듬을 제시한다. 선택가능한 모든 매크로블록 모드들 중에서 $8{\times}8$ 모드와 인트라 $4{\times}4$ 모드는 다른 모드들에 비해 상대적으로 높은 복잡도를 가진다. 제안하는 알고리듬은 낮은 복잡도를 가지는 매크로블록 모드의 비용(Cost) 정보를 이용하여 $8{\times}8$ 및 인트라 $4{\times}4$의 비용을 추정함으로써 두 모드에 대한 복잡도를 감소시키고자 한다. 제안한 알고리듬을 적용한 실험은 전체 부호화 시간을 최대 $54.6{\%}$까지 감소시키는데 반해 PSNR은 단지 평균 0.012dB 감쇠(減衰)하는 것으로 나타난다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2964-2985
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• 2019

Global data center IP traffic is expected to reach 20.6 zettabytes (ZB) by the end of 2021. Intra-data center networks (Intra-DCN) will account for 71.5% of the data center traffic flow and will be the largest portion of the traffic. The understanding of traffic distribution in IntraDCN is still sketchy. It causes significant amount of bandwidth to go unutilized, and creates avoidable choke points. Conventional transport protocols such as Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS) allow a one-sided view of the traffic flow in the network. This therefore causes disjointed and uncoordinated decision-making at each node. For effective resource planning, there is the need to consider joining the distributed with centralized management which anticipates the system's needs and regulates the entire network. Methods derived from Kalman filters have proved effective in planning road networks. Considering the network available bandwidth as data transport highways, we propose an intelligent enhanced SDN concept applied to OBS architecture. A management plane (MP) is added to conventional control (CP) and data planes (DP). The MP assembles the traffic spatio-temporal parameters from ingress nodes, uses Kalman filtering prediction-based algorithm to estimate traffic demand. Prior to packets arrival at edges nodes, it regularly forwards updates of resources allocation to CPs. Simulations were done on a hybrid scheme (1+1) and on the centralized OBS. The results demonstrated that the proposition decreases the packet loss ratio. It also improves network latency and throughput-up to 84 and 51%, respectively, versus the traditional scheme.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제27권
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• pp.29-65
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• 2005

Northeast Asian economies have achieved high levels of growth due to a stable economic environments and economic policy reforms for free trade. As Northeast Asia has been risen as big bloc in the world and in the future in case free trade agreement could be concluded, trade volume could be increased dramatically. And it is evident that disputes will be increased in Northeast Asian economic bloc. Arbitration must be popular in resolving international commercial disputes in Northeast Asian bloc in order to increase the volume of intra-trade in the bloc. Through arbitration, the parties can have full autonomy and can resolve disputes independently, impartially and without delay. But in order for the parties to make use of arbitration in the bloc, they must be fully aware of the arbitration laws of Northeast Asian nations in view of the similarity and difference of the laws. Therefore, this paper deals with arbitral award in Northeast Asian Nations' arbitration laws in view of comparative law.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2016

Purpose - This paper reviews the change of steel export-import structure between Japan and China by the courtesy of international business reference index and stress to analyze comparative advantage under the circumstance of time-series evaluating database by 3 indexes. Research design, data, methodology - Per economic phase, both China-Japan have mutually a complementary base. Under this kind of view point, the reason why to conduct this study is to realize how this 2 country's trade competitiveness should be improved and strengthened. Results - Under this research data and analysis outcomes, bilateral intra-economy's potential supplementation is enormous. Additionally, expected benefits from here are so sufficiently assured as we compare them with any other regional economic integrated society. Conclusions - When we review our economic point of view, Northeast economic cooperations between China and Japan can provide a chance for industrial technological cooperations not only in steel business but also in other business areas. Come to think of the circumstance to accelerate competitions between 2 country's industries past time and acknowledge concrete resource supplier including expanding export market and diversification.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2014

This research aims to identify regional inequitable development through the analysis of facilities distribution pattern. This study describes the concepts underlying the application of the Gini's coefficient and decomposition method to measure the regional inequitable development in Sun-chang County, Jeonbuk Province, Korea. We used the facility data surveyed for three years, from 2010 to 2012 for facility distribution pattern that RDA surveyed. These data have been serviced on the web. The Lorenz Curve presents a graphical view of the inequitable facility distribution and the Gini's Coefficients quantifies the distribution pattern. And furthermore, Gini Decomposition represents intra regional inequalities. These applied techniques can describe how the local development affects other district and change regional inequalities.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.97-121
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• 2019

In this paper, factors affecting intra-organizational diffusion of Big Data systems from the perspective of the Big Data system vendors have been analyzed. In particular, the theory of resistance against innovation that exists in some form before the adoption or rejection of innovation has been focused on. In order to do that, the resistance has been divided into three categories : postponement, rejection and opposition. The variables affecting each type are also divided into four independent variables : perceived risk, innovation characteristics, user attributes, and organizational attributes. As a result of the survey, it was confirmed that the influences of each variable are different according to the type of resistance. As the strength of the resistance was increased, the influence of the trialability was increased as well. As the strength of the resistance was decreased, the satisfaction with the existing system became more influential on the resistance. The time risk and the satisfaction with the existing system were found to affect all types of resistance. From the vendor's point of view, strategic implications are presented in terms of marketing or system development for diffusion, depending on the degree of resistance of the adopter.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권11호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

본 연구는 중국법에 근거한 국유회사제 기업(國有會社制 企業)의 분석을 그 대상으로 하여,주식회사에 있어서 내부운영기구라고 하는 기업내부지배와 주식시장 등의 측면에서 기존의 선진국 지배구조와 비교 검토의 관점을 포함하여, 중국의 국유기업에 있어서 기업지배구조의 실제와 그 가능성을 분석하는 것이다. 특히 중국 내부지배구조에 관해 주주총회, 취체역(取締役)과 취체역회(取締役會), 감사역회(監査役會) 등 회사기관론(會社機關論)의 관점으로부터, 중국 내부지배기구의 구축을 향한 방향을 탐구하고 있다. 중국의 주식회사와 관련하여 주주총회 출자자의 소유권, 취체역회의 법인재산권, 경영자의 법인대리권과 감사회의 감독권이 상호제약, 상호연계하고 있는 모델을 제시했다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2007

This study focused on the one and only temple of on the coastline of the West Sea, Kimje's Manghae Temple and Mt. Jinbong. The purpose of this study was to research the unique sense of place of the area by researching the location and view that clearly shapes the identity of the landscape. The following are the results. 1. The cultural landscape of Manghae Temple and the natural landscape of Mt. Jinbong have characteristics which take in the coastline and skyline, respectively. Specifically, from the existential vertical-horizontal images of "sky - land - Mt. Jinbong" and "moon - cloud - sea", an ascending reflection of the landscape surroundings can be found. 2. The "Sea - Manghae temple - Mt. Jinbong - sky" is the representation of the moderate 'inside-space' which belongs to the particular landscape area and which also shows the topophilia to Manghae Temple. Through this kind of interpretation, the sense of place of Manghae Temple and Mt. Jinbong reveals an intra-structure of an Imaging Landscape implying harmony and moderation, which is a unified organization of the surrounding phenomena(Temple and Mountain) and the essence (the doctrine of Buddhism) that matches Jin-muk's asceticism and lifestyle. 3. While the cultural landscape of Manghae Temple has a strong religious reference, the natural landscape Mt. Jinbong emphasizes the geography of the landscape. In other words, the motivating factor of Manghae Temple is a metaphorical sense of place such as through the "prospect of the sea" or "the Western Sea Paradise" and Mt. Jinbong, the landmark of the Kimje-Mankyung Plains and the focal point of the West Sea sunset, is highlighted as a simile for this sense of place. 4. Keeping this sense of place and territory respectively and showing the. bond with the sense of place which develops rhythmically and continuously, Manghae Temple and Mt. Jinbong are sublimated into a unified intra-structure, which reflects the Imaging landscape characteristics of "Mt. Jinbong, a focal point of the Mankyung Plains facing the West Sea" and "Manghae Temple, looking out to sea".

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical and radiographical results of anatomical reconstruction by Chen method for chronic lateral ankle instability. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with chronic lateral ankle instability who had undergone anatomical reconstruction of anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments by Chen method were evaluated retrospectively. Average age of the patients was 31.3 years, and average follow-up period was 15.5 months. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs including varus stress view and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed. The clinical evaluation was performed according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale. Results: Radiographically average talar tilt angle was $15.3^{\circ}$ preoperatively, and the difference with contralateral normal side was $10.1^{\circ}$. At last follow up, talar tile angle and the difference with contralateral side improved to $5.9^{\circ}$ and $1.3^{\circ}$ respectively. AOFAS scale was 66.6 preoperatively and 87.3 postoperatively. In MRI findings, four patients had associated intra-articular lesion such as articular cartilage defect, synovitis and osteoarthritis. The talar tilt angle improvement and AOFAS scale of patients without intra-articular lesion was better than those of four patients with intra-articular lesions. Surgical wound pain occurred in six patients and sural neuropathy in three patients. Conclusion: The anatomical reconstruction by Chen method was an easy and effective procedure for symptomatic chronic lateral ankle instability. Careful operative technique may prevent the surgical wound pain and sural neuropathy.