• 대한수의학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.273-276
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• 2013

Two Korean black goat (approx. 2 and 3 years old) showing diarrhea and chronic weight loss were submitted to Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. At necropsy, there were thickening of small intestine and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes. Microscopically, they had granulomatous enteritis in the small and large intestine and granulomatous lymphadenitis. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and acid fast stain, strong positive reaction and acid-fast rod bacteria were detected. According to the result of histopathology and PCR, we confirmed this case as Johne's disease. As far as we know, this is the first report of Johne's disease in Korean black goat.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2001

고품질의 위생적인 소시지를 제조하기 위하여 천연 돈장 및 양장에 감마선을 조사하고 천연장을 케이싱으로 하여 고급유화형 소시지를 제조한 후 저장기간에 따른 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 감마선 조사된 천연케이싱으로 제조된 소시지의 총균수는 돈장과 양장 구분없이 현저하게 감소되었고, 계산상의 $D_{10}$값은 돈장소시지는 1.71 kGy, 양장소시지는 1.58 kGy였다. 감마선 조사 및 비조사 돈장과 양장으로 제조하여 진공포장으로 $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장한 소시지의 지방산패는 저장 10일째 다소 증가하는 경향이 있었으나 그 외에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 소시지의 전단력은 감마선 조사로 인하여 낮은 값을 나타내었고, 관능검사에서는 감마선 조사구와 비조사 구간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 감마선을 조사한 천연돈장 및 양장으로 제조한 소시지는 위생적 품질특성을 유지 하면서 고급육제품을 제조하는데 매우 효과적이었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. W44 and J124 strain isolated from Kimchi on the growth rate, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion and change of intestine microflora in the weaning piglets. In the experiment 1, growth rate was significantly increased to $28.5\;{\pm}\;4.3\;kg$ and $27.6\;{\pm}\;3.3\;kg$ after oral administration of W44 and J124 strain as feed additives, respectively (p<0.05). ADG and feed conversion were also significantly improved after administration during 44 experiment days (p<0.05). In the analysis of intestinal microflora, the number of Lactobacillus spp. in the experiment groups was significantly increased 100 to 1,000 times compared to those of control group. In the experiment 2, the efficacy of W44 and J124 strains on the growth rate, ADG, feed conversion and change of intestine microflora were reconfirmed significantly (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences on feed conversion in the W44 bead and J124 bead groups. In summary, our results suggest that W-44 and J-124 stains from Kimchi have a significant effect on the weight gain and feed conversion, and it may be useful probiotic strains for the weaning piglets as feed additives.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2013

Chicken-type lysozyme (c-lysozyme) is present in shrimp and is active against some bacteria. To further understand the regulation of c-lysozyme in the fleshy shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, we determined the tissue-specific gene expression of c-lysozyme and the time-course of mRNA expression in response to Vibrio anguillarum and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection by quantitative reverse real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that c-lysozyme was expressed in all tissues tested, including gill, eyestalk, eye, hemocytes, hepatopancreas, intestine, heart, and pleopod. It was most highly expressed in the intestine followed by the eyestalk, gill, hemocytes and hepatopancreas. The mRNA expression level began to decline in a short time after V. anguillarum challenge and was then upregulated by two fold or more at 24 h post injection (hpi) compared to that at 0 h. Expression was suppressed shortly after LPS injection and began to increase with higher levels of 5.8-, 5.2- and 8.4-fold at 24, 48, and 72 hpi, respectively. Higher expression was sustained and showed a gradual increasing trend until the end of the experiment (72 hpi). These results increase our understanding of the regulation of defense mechanisms and facilitate an evaluation of the effects of probiotics or immunostimulants in shrimp culture.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.106-108
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• 2020

An eight-month-old, outdoor, intact male English Pointer dog weighing 23.5 kg presented to the hospital with signs of hematochezia, soft stools, and weight-loss. There were no remarkable findings on physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, electrolyte and gas analysis, and radiography. The serologic and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests for canine parvovirus were negative. A fecal smear examination showed rod-shaped, sporeforming bacteria. Additionally, a fecal flotation test showed ova of Ancylostoma spp. The size of ova was 60 × 40 ㎛, and it was identified as Ancylostoma caninum using light microscopy. The PCR test indicated a Clostridial perfringens infection and the presence of C. perfringens alpha toxin. The diagnosis given was C. perfringens enterotoxicosis with ancylostomiasis. Treatment included antibiotics (metronidazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and anthelmintics (afoxolaner, milbemycin oxime). After two weeks, the clostridial infection resolved, but ancylostomiasis persisted for six weeks. The anthelmintic was changed to Drontal^â plus (praziquantel/pyrantel pamoate/febantel). After four weeks, there were no remarkable findings in the fecal samples, but the patient still presented with watery stools and hematochezia. Survey of abdominal ultrasound had performed, and a target-like sign with multiple rings was seen in the cecocolic region. The patient was diagnosed with A. caninum-induced cecocolic intussusception from the history and clinical signs. After a surgery, he recovered fully. This is the first clinical case report of Ancylostoma caninum parasitizing from the small intestine and causing an intussusception in the large intestine.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Crocodile farms are getting popular in Bangladesh in an economic point of view. In one of the farms, some crocodiles were found sick and three of them died between May and July in 2006. This investigation was performed to diagnose the cause of the death. Routine postmortem examination was conducted. Samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology and in falcon tube for microbiological study. Additional swabs were collected in nutrient broth. Histopathological and microbiological studies were conducted using routine procedures. In addition Giemsa, Gram and PAS stains were performed to detect the organism in tissues. Grossly, esophagus, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, heart and kidney were congested. Intestine, rectum and colon were hemorrhagic. Clay colored material was found in colo-rectum. Purulent exudates in lungs and thick and cloudy pericardial fluid in pericardial sac were found. Histologically, multifocal granulomatous inflammation was evident in lung, liver, kidney, intestine and colon with bacterial colonies, fungal spores and hyphae. These bacteria were appeared as Gram negative. Fungal hyphae and spores were detected in liver, lungs and colon by using PAS stain. Bacteriologically, E. coli were isolated from lungs exudates, pericardial fluids and intestinal fluids. Therefore, it can be concluded that 3 crocodiles died due to E. coli septicemia concurrent with mycotic infection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.838-848
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• 2012

Orally administered herbal glycosides are metabolized to their hydrophobic compounds by intestinal microflora in the intestine of animals and human, not liver enzymes, and absorbed from the intestine to the blood. Of these metabolites, some, such as quercetin and kaempherol, are mutagenic. The fecal bacterial enzyme fraction (fecalase) of human or animals has been used for measuring the mutagenicity of dietary glycosides. However, the fecalase activity between individuals is significantly different and its preparation is laborious and odious. Therefore, we developed a fecal microbial enzyme mix (FM) usable in the Ames test to remediate the fluctuated reaction system activating natural glycosides to mutagens. We selected, cultured, and mixed 4 bacteria highly producing glycosidase activities based on a cell-free extract of feces (fecalase) from 100 healthy Korean volunteers. When the mutagenicities of rutin and methanol extract of the flos of Sophora japonica L. (SFME), of which the major constituent is rutin, towards Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, 100, 102, 1,535, and 1,537 were tested using FM and/or S9 mix, these agents were potently mutagenic. These mutagenicities using FM were not significantly different compared with those using Korean fecalase. SFME and rutin were potently mutagenic in the test when these were treated with fecalase or FM in the presence of S9 mix, followed by those treated with S9 mix alone and those with fecalase or FM. Freeze-dried FM was more stable in storage than fecalase. Based on these findings, FM could be usable instead of human fecalase in the Ames test.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.187-231
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• 2001

It is a recent observation that about 80 per cent of the body's immune system is localized in the gastrointestinal tract. This explains to a large extent why eating right is important for the modulation the immune response and prevention of disease. I addition it is increasingly recognized that the body has an important digestive system also in the lower gastrointestinal tract where numerous important substances are released by microbial enzymes and absorbed. Among these substances are short chain fatty acids, amino acids, various carbohydrates, polyamines, growth factors, coagulation factors, and many thousands of antioxidants, not only traditional vitamins but numerous flavonoids, carotenoids and similar plant- and vegetable produced antioxidants. Also consumption of health-promoting bacteria (probiotics) and vegetable fibres (prebiotics) from numerous sources are known to have strong health-promoting influence. It has been calculated that the intestine harbours about 300 000 genes, which is much more than the calculated about 60000 for the rest of the human body, indicating a till today totally unexpected metabolic activity in this part of the GI tract. There are seemingly several times more active enzymes in the intestine than in the rest of the body, ready to release hundred thousand or more of substances important for our health and well-being. In addition do the microbial cells produce signal molecules similar to cytokines but called bacteriokines and nitric oxide, with provide modulatory effects both on the mucosal cells, the mucosa-associated lymphoid system (MALT) and the rest of the immune system. Identification of various fermentation products, and often referred to as synbiotics, studies of their role in maintaining health and well-being should be a priority issue during the years to come.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.167-181
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• 1991

효모(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)제품의 첨가가 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 Arbor Acres종으로 2차에 걸친 사양시험을 실시하였다. 실험 1은 육계 숫 병아리 200수를 무첨가 대조구, yeast culture 0.25%구(YC-0.25%) 및 2.5%구(YC-2.5%), 활성효모 0.05%구(LY-0.05%) 및 0.1%구(LY-0.1%)의 5처리에 4반복으로 반복당 10수씩 battery에 완전임의배치하여 6주간의 사양시험을 실시하였다. 실험 2는 육계 감별추 암, 수 각 120수씩을 성별로 무첨가대조구, 후기(4~6주)에만 0.1% 활성효모첨가구 그리고 전기간 0.1% 활성효모첨가구를 2$\times$3 요인 배치하고 각 처리당 4반복, 반복당 10수씩 공시하여 7주간 사양하였다 실험 1의 결과는 증체율과 사료섭취량 및 폐사율에 있어서 처리간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 YC-0.25%와 LY-0.1%가 대조구나 타처리구에 비해 3주 이후부터 증체율이 높아지는 경향이 있었다. 사료효율은 LY-0.05%가 대조구, YC-0.25% 및 LY-0 1%에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 영양소 이용율은 처러간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 Ca 및 P의 이용율은 첨가구들이 대조구에 비하여 높은 경향을 보여주었다. 소장내의 미생물총균은 Lactobacilli spp., Streptococcus spp. 그리고 yeast 수는 첨가구들에서 높고 Coliforms세균수는 대조구에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 실험 2의 결과는 사료, 성별, 사료$\times$성별 상호작용이 증체량에 모두 유의한 영향을 미쳤는데 특히 숫 육계에서는 활성효모를 전기간 첨가한 구가 증체량이 가장 높은 반면 암 육계에서는 후기만 첨가한 구가 가장 높았다 사료섭취량과 폐사율은 숫 육계가 유의하게 높았으며 사료효율은 사료$\times$성별 상호작용이 유의하여 숫 육계에서는 활성효모 전기간 첨가구가 그리고 암 육계에서는 후기만 첨가한 구가 가장 높았다. 영양소 이용율에 있어서 숫 육계는 암 육계보다 건물, Ca및 P의 이용율이 유의하게 높았고 활성효모 첨가구들은 Ca및 P의 이용율이 대조구에 비하여 유의하게 높았다. 근위, 소장 상, 하부 및 맹장의 세균수를 조사한 결과 Lactobacillus spp.와 yeast는 소장 상, 하부 그리고 Streptococcus spp는 소장과 맹장에서 활성효모첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 높은 경향이 있었으며 Coliforms 세균수는 소장 상, 하부에서 대조구가 첨가구보다 높은 경향이 있었다. 또한 소장의 pH는 활성효모첨가구들이 대조구에 비하여 높은 경향이 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2015

프로바이오틱스에 대한 연구는 주로 생균의 효과가 많이 알려져 있지만 가열 처리된 유산균인 사균체의 기능에 대한 연구도 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 락토바실러스 아시도필러스 CBT LA1의 사균체의 장관장벽 기능에 대하여 in vitro, in vivo에서 실험하였다. 이를 위하여, 세포표면 소수성 상호작용력(cell surface hydrophobicity), 자가응집력(autoaggregation), 세포에 부착하는 능력(cell adhesion)과 자가응집력(autoaggregation), LPS와의 결합력을 조사하였다. 또한 HT-29 장상피세포에서 LPS로 유도되는 IL-8의 발현을 억제하는 효과를 조사하였다. CBT LA1을 80도에서 121도까지 10분 동안 열을 처리하였을 때, 80도에서 열을 처리한 CBT LA1 사균체가 가장 높은 세포에 부착하는 능력을 보여 주었다. CBT LA1 생균과 비교했을 때, 80도에서 열을 처리한 CBT LA1 사균체는 높은 LPS와의 결합력, 소수성 상호작용력, 자가응집력, HT-29 세포에 부착하는 능력과 IL-8의 발현을 억제하는 능력을 보여주었다. In vivo 실험에서 FITC로 label된 LPS를 투여하였을 때 16시간 후, CBT LA1 사균체를 섭취한 동물의 장관 내 LPS가 가장 많이 제거되었다. 이러한 연구 결과들은 CBT LA1 생균처럼 CBT LA1 사균체도 장관장벽 기능을 가지며 이는, 파마바이오틱스로서 그 가능성을 시사한다.