• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.381-395
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• 2016

Objectives The aim of this study was to report improvements on the symptoms of Flushing for three soyangin female patients after using sasang constitutional medicines. Methods The patients were diagnosed with Soyangin Symptomatology and treated with Soyangin sasang constitutional medicines. The patient's subjective symptoms of flushing and discomfort in sleeping were observed using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) respectively during the treatment period. And the patient's subjective symptoms of the pain were observed using Numerical Rating Scale(NRS). The period of the patient's defecation interval were also observed. Results and Concluions The symptoms of flushing, discomfort in sleeping and the pain improved remarkedly in all respects. In conclusion, this study shows that Sasang Constitutional Medicine can be an effective treatment for Soyangin patient with Flushing.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.153-170
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• 2020

The Educational Restitution Rate is an important parameter that determines the quality of university education. This paper analyzed data from 148 private universities over the 10 years from 2009 to 2018 using data mining techniques in Korea. A significant causal relationship is detected in the fixed effect model as a result of the panel estimation. And the scale of faculty expansion and fund management, which are the university evaluation indicators, and the size of basic funds, respectively, have a positive effect on the ERR, which is within the confidence interval. In the analysis, the more private universities improve the tuition dependence rate, the more decisively positive affecting ERR. As a result of nonparametric regression estimation, when the faculty expansion ratio is reinforced, the effect of economies of scale is detected in some sections, the improvement of the tuition dependence rate, and the result value is generated through the improvement that results are derived at a certain point in time. We hope that the university based on this study can be a basic Indicators for the diagnosis of basic competencies and policy of student-centered education.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on gait speed and genu recurvatum episodes in stroke patients. Methods: The patient is a 58-year-old woman with left hemiplegia who presented with genu recurvatum while walking. Each week the patient received two sessions of PNF that each lasted 45 minutes. During a six-week interval the patient underwent therapeutic exercises and occupational therapy five times a week between the two PNF treatments. During each treatment a preand post-test (a 4 m walk test) was conducted, the patient described their fear of falling down (10-point visual analogue scale), and the number of genu recurvatum episodes was recorded. Results: After the first PNF treatment, the fear of falling down was decreased from 8 points to 7 points, and the number of genu recurvatum episodes decreased from 11 to 6. After the second PNF treatment, the fear of falling down decreased from 6 points to 5 points, and the number of genu recurvatum episodes decreased from 5 to 1. The 4 m walking test time also decreased from 30 seconds to 24 seconds. Conclusion: The PNF treatment is beneficial for reducing the fear of falling down, reducing the number of genu recurvatum episodes, and improving the gait speed of stroke patients.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of fatigue and its associated factors leading to the fatigue among Korean commercial airline pilots. Methods: An anonymous, web-based questionnaire collecting data on sleep related characteristics was completed by airline pilots. The final 1,029 samples of completed questionnaires were analyzed. The association of the risk factors with fatigue was determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of fatigue was 60% (Fatigue Severity Scale index≥3.2), disturbed sleep 28% (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index≥9), daytime sleepiness 17% (Epworth Sleepiness Scale≥10), and sleep apnea (Berlin Questionnaire≥2) 11%. The fully adjusted logistic regression showed that quality of life (odds ratio [OR]=0.16, confidence interval [CI]=0.11-0.24), daytime sleepiness (OR=1.26, CI=1.18-1.34), sleep quality (OR=1.44, CI=1.29-1.61), mental workload (OR=1.10, CI=1.05-1.14), vigorous physical activity (OR=0.82, CI=0.72-0.92), late starts (OR=1.25, CI=1.06-1.46) and average weekly flying hours (OR=1.02, CI=1.00-1.03) were associated with higher levels of fatigue. Conclusion: Lower quality of life, disturbed sleep, more subjective sleepiness, shorter sleep duration, higher mental workload, less vigorous physical activity, frequent late starts, and longer flying hour were shown to be risk factors for fatigue in airline pilots. These findings should be taken into account in the development of sleep and fatigue countermeasures for airline pilots.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.121-127
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• 1996

Peripheral nerve injury occurs mostly by trauma and is usually associated with fracture of bone and joint, muscular injury and tendon injury and it also evokes paralysis and anesthesia. When treatment of peripheral nerve injury is considered,, the modality of treatment is decided by the general condition of the patient, type of injury, associated injuries and the condition of wound. To get the maximum results, surgical treatment and reconstruction and rehabilitation should all go in hand-in-hand. From January 1985 to December 1994, we observed 61 patients that had operation without reconstruction due to peripheral nerve injury with a follow-up period of more than 1 year. Among the 61 patients, 44 were men(72%) and 17 were women(28%). Follow-up period was average 19 months. Age distribution was mostly in their twenties with a mean age of 28 years. Time interval of operation after injury was average 11 months. Trauma was the main cause of peripheral nerve injuries with a proportion of 87%. 31 patients had neurorrhaphy, in which case 14 patients had stay suture and 17 patients did not. 14 patients had nerve graft, and 16 patients had neurolysis. We used our scales to compare the results of surgery on the basis of British Research Council System. We gave scores to every sensory and motor scale to estimate functional improvement and emphasized on motor functional improvement. The total score = sensory score + ($2{\times}motor$ score). We considered 8-9 points as excellent, 6-7 points as good, 2-5 points as fair, 0-1 points as poor result. We considered excellent and good as much improved. Excellent and good results were obtained in 13 out of 14 neurorrhaphy with stay suture(93%), 12 out of 17 neurorrhaphy without stay suture(71%), 6 out of 14 nerve graft(43%), 12 out of 16 neurolysis(75%). Among the patients with neurorrhaphy done within 3 months, 11 out of 14(86%) showed improvement, but among the patients after 4 months 3 out of 17(76%) showed improvement. 84% of improvement was observed in the patients with time interval from injury to surgery within 3 months, and 64% in the patients with time interval after 4 months. In the aspect of age, 77% with the age below 20 years, 70% with the age between 21 and 30 years, 66% with the age above 31 years showed improvement. We conclude that considering degree of injury, time interval from injury and age with the adequate method of treatment, we can obtain good results from surgery.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.4
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• pp.487-496
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• 2009

This paper addresses an indexing scheme capable of efficiently processing range queries in a large-scale trajectory database. After discussing the drawbacks of previous indexing schemes, we propose a new scheme that divides the temporal dimension into multiple time intervals and then, by this interval, builds an index for the line segments. Additionally, a supplementary index is built for the line segments within each time interval. This scheme can make a dramatic improvement in the performance of insert and search operations using a main memory index, particularly for the time interval consisting of the segments taken by those objects which are currently moving or have just completed their movements, as contrast to the previous schemes that store the index totally on the disk. Each time interval index is built as follows: First, the extent of the spatial dimension is divided onto multiple spatial cells to which the line segments are assigned evenly. We use a 2D-tree to maintain information on those cells. Then, for each cell, an additional 3D $R^*$-tree is created on the spatio-temporal space (x, y, t). Such a multi-level indexing strategy can cure the shortcomings of the legacy schemes. Performance results obtained from intensive experiments show that our scheme enhances the performance of retrieve operations by 3$\sim$10 times, with much less storage space.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.258-267
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the utility of the Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R), Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition (K-WPPSI-IV), and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Second Edition (VABS-II) for evaluating developmental disabilities (DD) in preschool children. Additionally, we examined the correlations between the PEP-R, K-WPPSI-IV, and VABS-II. Methods: A total of 164 children aged 37-84 months were assessed. Children's development was evaluated using the PEP-R, K-WPPSI-IV, VABS-II, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale, and Korean Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition. Results: Of the 164 children, 103 had typical development (TD) and 61 had DD. The mean of the PEP-R Developmental Quotient (DQ), K-WPPSI-IV Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ), and VABS-II Adaptive Behavior Composite (ABC) scores were significantly higher in the TD group than in the DD group (p<0.001). The estimated area under the curve of the PEP-R DQ, K-WPPSI-IV FSIQ, and VABS-II ABC scores was 0.953 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.915-0.992), 0.955 (95% CI=0.914-0.996), and 0.961 (95% CI=0.932-0.991), respectively, which did not indicate a statistically significant difference. The PEP-R DQ scores were positively correlated with the K-WPPSI-IV FSIQ (r=0.90, p<0.001) and VABS-II ABC scores (r=0.84, p<0.001). A strong correlation was observed between the K-WPPSI-IV FSIQ and VABS-II ABC scores (r=0.89, p<0.001). Conclusion: This study found that the PEP-R, K-WPPSI-IV, and VABS-II effectively distinguished DD from TD in preschool children, and no significant differences in utility were observed between them.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.229-238
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• 2002

This paper introduces the surface roughness parameter, Rs to the characterization of joint roughness and quantitatively illustrates the influence of joint roughness on the joint shear strength. A new peak shear strength criterion for rock joints using Rs is suggested. The results show that the surface roughness parameter, Rs can appropriately reflect the degree of roughness for the rock joint surfaces tested in this study A measuring interval of 2mm and profile length of 5cm can be used to characterize the joint roughness of the rock core size surfaces; however, the scale of fluctuation, $\delta_\alpha$ should be considered to extend the surface roughness parameter, Rs to the large-scale field rock joint surfaces. For the smooth joint roughness, sliding of the rock cores is the principal shear mechanism; however, the breakage of roughness from the rock cores is inferred for rougher joint roughness.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a Korean version of the trunk control measurement scale (TCMS) and examine the reliability and concurrent validity of the K-TCMS in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Subjects for the study were 23 children with cerebral palsy (CP)(mean age: 84.70 months) recruited from one CP clinic. For the interrater and test-retest reliabilities, four raters (A, B, C, D) measured the K-TCMS two times using video clips with an interval of two weeks. For the concurrent validity, the Korean version of the gross motor function measure (K-GMFM) was chosen. Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability of the three K-TCMS subscale (static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance and dynamic reaching) scores and the total scores were investigated using the intra-correlation coefficient ($ICC_{3,1}$). Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to investigate the concurrent validity. Results: The inter-rater reliability of the K-TCMS subscales and total scores were all high ($ICC_{3,1}=0.968-0.992$). For the test-retest reliability, $ICC_{3,1}=0.827-0.962$. The concurrent validity between the K-TCMS's total and three subscale scores and K-GMFM's total score were r=0.600-0.667. Conclusion: The results suggest that the K-TCMS can be used in clinical and research settings as a standardized tool for CP children. The K-TCMS might be also useful for selecting treatment goals and planning interventions for children with cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.331-336
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• 2007

Objective : The aim of this study was to analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors in patients with massive cerebral infarction who underwent decompressive craniectomy. Methods : From January 2000 to December 2005, we performed decompressive craniectomy in 24 patients with massive cerebral infarction. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, radiological findings, initial clinical assessment using the Glasgow Coma Scale, serial computerized tomography (CT) with measurement of midline and septum pellucidum shift, and cerebral infarction territories. Patients were evaluated based on the following factors : the pre- and post-operative midline shifting on CT scan, infarction area or its dominancy, consciousness level, pupillary light reflex and Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results : All 24 patients (11 men, 13 women; mean age, 63 years; right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, 17 patients; left MCA territory, 7 patients) were treated with large decompressive craniectomy and duroplasty. The average time interval between the onset of symptoms and surgical decompression was 2.5 days. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale was 12.4 on admission and 8.3 preoperatively. Of the 24 surgically treated patients, the good outcome group (Group 2 : GOS 4-5) comprised 9 cases and the poor outcome group (Group1 : GOS 1-3) comprised 15 cases. Conclusion : We consider decompressive craniectomy for large hemispheric infarction as a life-saving procedure. Good preoperative GCS, late clinical deterioration, small size of the infarction area, absence of anisocoria, and preoperative midline shift less than 11mm were considered to be positive predictors of good outcome. Careful patient selection based on the above-mentioned factors and early operation may improve the functional outcome of surgical management for large hemispheric infarction.