• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2020

Purpose: This retrospective multicenter study analyzed trauma patients who underwent resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in the Republic of Korea. Methods: This study was conducted from February 2017 to May 2018 at three regional trauma centers in the Republic of Korea. The patients were divided into two groups (cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] and No-CPR) for comparative analysis based on two criteria (complication and mortality) for logistic regression analysis (LRA). Results: There were significant differences between the CPR and No-CPR groups in mortality (p=0.003) and treatment administered (p=0.016). By LRA for complications, total occlusion has significantly lesser risk than intermittent or partial occlusion in both univariate (odds ratio [OR] 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00-0.36, p=0.01) and multivariate (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.00-0.38, p=0.01) analyses. The Rescue had a higher risk than the Coda or Reliant in univariate analysis (OR 4.91, 95% CI 1.14-34.25, p=0.05); however, it was not statistically significant in multivariate analysis (OR 6.98, 95% CI 1.03-74.52, p=0.07). By LRA for mortality, the CPR group was the only variable that had a significantly higher risk of mortality than the No-CPR group in both univariate (OR 17.59, 95% CI 3.05-335.25, p=0.01), and multivariate (OR 24.92, 95% CI 3.77-520.51, p=0.01) analyses. Conclusions: This study was conducted in the early stages of REBOA implementation in the Republic of Korea and showed conflicting results from studies conducted by multiple institutions. Therefore, additional research with more accumulated data is needed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate prognostic factors for survival from first relapse (SFFR) in stage I-III breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: From June 1994 to June 2008, 3,835 patients were treated with surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I-III breast cancer at Samsung Medical Center. Among them, a total of 224 patients died by June 2009, and 175 deaths were of breast cancer. Retrospective review was performed on medical records of 165 patients who met the inclusion criteria of this study. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done on survivals according to variables, such as age, stage, hormone status of tumor, disease-free interval (DFI), sites of first failure, number of organs involved by recurrent disease (NOR), application of salvage treatments, and existence of brain or liver metastasis (visceral metastasis). Results: Patients' median overall survival time was 38 months (range, 8 to 123 months). Median SFFR was 17 months (range, 5 to 87 months). Ninety percent of deaths occurred within 40 months after first recurrence. The patients with SFFR ${\leq}1$ year had tendency of triple-negativity, shorter DFI (${\leq}2$ years), larger NOR (>3), visceral metastasis for first relapse than the patients with SFFR >1 year. In multivariate analysis, longer DFI (>2 vs. ${\leq}2$ years), absence of visceral metastasis, and application of salvage treatments were statistically significant prognosticators for longer SFFR. Conclusion: The DFI, application of salvage treatments, and visceral metastasis were significant prognostic factors for SFFR in breast cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2010

Objectives: To identify the factors affecting long-term adherence to methylphenidate treatment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A retrospective medical record review of 239 ADHD patients (mean age $9.3{\pm}2.6$ years, range 6.0-17.4 years) who had visited the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic at a university hospital, in Seoul, Korea from March 2005 to February 2008. Subjects were diagnosed as ADHD based on the criteria set forth in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, text revision version (DSM-IV-TR) and underwent neuropsychological tests including the continuous performance test (CPT). Treatment discontinuation was defined as the last prescription date when the medication possession rate (MPR) became less than 0.80. Subjects were divided into three groups and labeled as Group I, non-adherence without pharmacotherapy, Group II, non-adherence with short-term pharmacotherapy, and Group III, adherence with long-term pharmacotherapy. Results: Ninety (37.7%) patients were grouped as non-adherent (Groups I+II) and 149 (62.3%) as adherent (Group III). The adherence group exhibited lower intelligence, higher symptom severity, and a higher number of comorbid psychiatric disorders than controls. The use of stimulants was significantly associated with long-term adherence to treatment. Additionally, the duration of interval between the date of the first visit and the date of the first prescription was positively associated with long-term adherence. Conclusion: About two-thirds of patients diagnosed as ADHD adhered to the treatment six months after the first visit. With respect to patient evaluation and the development of treatment strategies, factors affecting early drop-out and longer follow-up must be considered.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2012

IEEE 802.11 표준 무선 네트워크에서 사용되는 DCF(CSMA/CA) 방식의 MAC 프로토콜은 노드들 사이에서 공평한 채널 접근 확률을 보장하도록 설계되었다. 하지만 최근 급속히 확산되고 있는 무선 환경에서 다른 노드들보다 인위적으로 더 많은 데이터를 전송하는 노드가 존재하는 것이 사실이다. 이들 오동작 노드들은 더 많은 데이터를 보내기 위해서 자신의 MAC 프로토콜 동작을 변형시키거나 다른 노드들의 MAC 동작을 방해한다. 이러한 문제는 이기적(Selfish) 노드 문제라고 정의되어 왔으며, 지금까지의 대부분 연구들에서는 무선 랜 내부의 MAC 프로토콜 동작을 프레임 단위로 분석하여 이기적인 노드를 검색하는 방법을 제안하였으나 모든 종류의 이기적인 노드들을 효과적으로 검출할 수는 없었다. 이러한 단점을 보안하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 통계적 기법 중 하나인 뜨살리스-엔트로피(Tsallis-Entropy)를 사용하여 이기적인 노드 탐색 알고리즘을 제안한다. 뜨살리스-엔트로피는 확률 분포의 밀집도 혹은 분산정도를 효과적으로 나타낼 수 있는 척도이다. 제안한 알고리즘은 무선 랜을 구성하는 AP노드에서 동작하도록 설계되었으며, 무선 노드별로 데이터 간격에 대한 확률 분포를 추출해서 뜨살리스-엔트로피를 계산한 후 임계치와 비교하는 방법으로 이기적인 노드를 검출한다. 논문에서 제안한 이기적 노드 검출 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 다양한 무선 랜 환경(혼잡도, 이기적 노드 동작방법, 임계치)을 고려하여 시뮬레이션을 수행한다. 시뮬레이터는 ns2를 사용하였으며, 실험결과 제안한 방법의 이기적인 노드 검출률 이 매우 높음을 알 수 있다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2001

중부지방 낙엽송 조림지에 대하여 식재후 적정한 1차 간벌 시기를 추정하기 위하여 충북대학교 부속 연습림(월악산)을 대상으로 연구한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 충북대학교 부속 연습림내에 조림된 낙엽송의 수고곡선식은 H=4.25783+0.80024D(H=수고, D=흉고직경)이었다. (2) 본 연구대상지의 재적식을 구하기 위해 최소제곱법으로 회귀분석을 한 결과, 수고와 흉고 직경을 모두 독립변수로 하는 경우 재적식은 V=0.001474-0.002095D-0.000211H+0.000150D·H+0.000744D²+0.000008H²(V=재적(㎥), H=수고(m), D=흉고직경(cm)) 이었다. 한편, 재적에 대하여 흉고직경만을 독립변수로 한 경우는 V=0.000079-0.000512D+0.000826D²이었다. (3) 간벌시기 추정을 위한 기준으로는 수고 MAI의 극대점을 이루는 연령과 고사목에서 총 흉고직경 생장량의 평균치 이하로 떨어지는 시점의 연령이 적절한 것으로 판단된다. (4) 수고 MAI의 극대점에 도달하는 연령은 임분밀도와 유의성 있는 상관을 보이지 않아 정확한 간벌시기의 판단기준으로 삼을 수 없었다 (5) 간벌시기를 결정하는 추정식은 고사목의 흉고직경생장량의 경년변화를 토대로 계산하였으며, 그 결과식은 Y=0.2825+0.01752X 이었다. (6) 관행적인 1.8m×l.8m의 식재밀도가 적용된 낙엽송 조림지에서 간벌 개시 임령은 12∼14년이 적당한 것으로 나타났다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of body mass index (BMI) on the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Data of patients admitted to medical ICU from December 2011 to May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified into three groups according to their BMI: underweight (< $18.5kg/m^2$), normal ($18.5-24.9kg/m^2$), and overweight (${\geq}25kg/m^2$). The incidence of AKI was compared among these groups and factors associated with the development of AKI were analyzed. AKI was defined according to the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage (RIFLE) kidney disease criteria. Results: A total of 468 patients were analyzed. Their mean BMI was $21.5{\pm}3.9kg/m^2$, including 102 (21.8%) underweight, 286 (61.1%) normal-weight, and 80 (17.1%) overweight patients. Overall, AKI occurred in 82 (17.5%) patients. The overweight group had significantly (p<0.001) higher incidence of AKI (36.3%) than the underweight (9.8%) or normal group (15.0%). In addition, BMI was significantly higher in patients with AKI than that in those without AKI ($23.4{\pm}4.2$ vs. $21.1{\pm}3.7$, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that BMI was significantly associated with the development of AKI (odds ratio, 1.893; 95% confidence interval, 1.224-2.927). Conclusion: BMI may be associated with the development of AKI in critically ill patients.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2006

Backgrounds: Blood stasis is hon as an important pathologic factor for vascular disorder in Oriental medicine. Despite its clinical importance there have been few objective tests for diagnosing blood stasis. Objectives: This study was designed to examine the relationship between blood stasis and arterial stiffness measured by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Methods: The subjects were 104 ischemic stroke patients with onset after 14 days. Their general characteristics, lipid profiles and uric acid were recorded. The degree of arterial stiffness was assessed by CAVI, and blood stasis was evaluated by diagnostic criteria. The data were analyze4 by chi-square test, student t-test, spearman correlation analysis, and pearson correlation analysis. Then, stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was applied in order to exclude the interactions among several factors. Results: There were significant differences in right, left and higher CAVI between the blood stasis group and the non blood stasis group (p-value<0.01). Age, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride and CAVI had relationships with blood static scores. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of blood stasis for arterial stiffness with CAVI above 9 were 7.091 (95% confidence interval, $1.641\sim30.638$). Conclusions: The results demonstrated the relationship between blood stasis and arterial stiffness measured by CAVI. Therefore, we suggest that CAVI should be one of the objective tests for diagnosing blood stasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1373-1377
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• 2016

Background: We vigorously reviewed patients' operation record who had adhesion of the Denonvilliers' fascia and found out most of these patients had prostatic bleeding after prostatic gland biopsies. We examined the magnitude of prostatic bleeding and frequency after biopsies and the relationship with oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 285 patients were selected for the final analyses. Inclusion criteria were as follows: receiving MRI three weeks after biopsiesand laparoscopic radical prostatectomy within 300 days after biopsy. We divided the patients into two groups with (group A) or without (group B) prostatic bleeding. We examined the magnitude of prostatic bleeding after biopsies and the relationship with operation time (OT), positive surgical margin (PSM), biochemical recurrence (BCR) and other factors. Furthermore, we created a logistic-regression model to derive a propensity score for prostatic bleeding after biopsies, which included all patient and hospital characteristics as well as selected interaction terms, and we examined the relationship with PSM and BCR. Results: In all patients, the OT in the group B was shorter than the group A (p < 0.001). Prostatic bleeding was associated with PSM (p=0.000) and BCR (p=0.036). In this propensity-matched cohort, 11 of 116 patients in the group B had PSM as compared with 36 of 116 patients from group A (match-adjusted odds ratio, 4.30; 95%CI confidence interval, 2.06 to 8.96; P=0.000). In addition, eight of 116 patients in group B encountered BCR, as compared with 18 of 116 patients in group A (match-adjusted odds ratio, 2.48; 95%CI, 1.03 to 5.96; P=0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis in the propensity matching cohort showed a significant biochemical recurrence-free survival advantage for being free of prostate bleeding after biopsies. Conclusions: Our findings in the present cohort should help equip surgeons to pay attention to careful excision especially for those who experienced deferred prostatic bleeding.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3637-3643
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• 2012

Objective: Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway for repairing DNA double-strand breaks. Recent publications indicated that XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 genes may participate in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis was to investigate associations between XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 genetic polymorphisms in the NHEJ pathway and breast cancer risk. Methods: Studies focusing on the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in XRCC5, XRCC6 and XRCC7 genes and susceptibility to breast cancer were selected from the Pubmed, Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science, Springerlink, CNKI and CBM databases. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. The meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager Version 5.1.6 and STATA Version 12.0 software. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated based on the extracted data. Results: According to the inclusion criteria, we final included seven studies with a total of 2,864 breast cancer cases and 3,060 healthy controls. Meta-analysis results showed that rs3835 (G>A) and rs828907 (G>T) in XRCC5 gene, and rs132793 (G>A) in XRCC6 gene might increase the risk of breast cancer, while rs132788 G>T and rs6002421 (A>G) might be protective factors. However, there was no relationship between XRCC7 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that the rs3835 G>A and rs828907 G>T in XRCC5 gene, rs6002421 (A>G), rs132788 (G>T) and rs132793 (G>A) in XRCC6 gene might be risk factors for breast cancer, while the rs132788 (G>T) and rs6002421 (A>G) in XRCC6 gene might be protective.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2020

본 연구는 고령자에 대한 보행속도 및 인지-반응을 포함한 보행특성에 관한 기초자료를 조사하였으며, 이를 토대로 보행 신호시간을 산정하였다. 현장조사는 스탑워치를 이용하여 보행자의 실제 횡단시간을 조사하였고, 구두조사로 연령을 조사하여 일반인과 고령자그룹으로 구분하였다. 자료를 분석한 결과 일반인의 평균보행속도는 1.29m/s, 노인은 1.13m/s로 일반지역의 기준인 1.0m/s 보다 높게 나타났다. 또한 하위 15th percentile속도를 살펴보면 일반인은 1.01m/s, 노인은 0.85m/s로 분석되어 노인의 경우 일반지역 기준보다 낮은 보행속도를 가지며 보호구역 기준인 0.8m/s 보다는 높은 속도가 나타났다. 하지만 지팡이나 휠체어를 사용하는 노인의 경우 하위 15th percentile속도가 0.73m/s로 나타나 현재 보호구역 기준보다 낮은 보행속도를 가진 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과는 향후 노인의 보행환경을 개선하는데 적용할 수 있고, 장기적으로는 교통약자의 이동성 증진에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.