• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2015

Four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (BW $401.0{\pm}2.22kg$) fed TMR containing low protein (CP 9.63 %) as a basal diet were used to investigate the effects of cornell net carbohydrates and protein system (CNCPS) fraction enriched protein feeds on rumen fermentation and blood metabolites. The steers used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design consumed TMR only (control), TMR with rapeseed meal (AB1), TMR with soybean meal (B2) and TMR with perilla meal (B3C), respectively. The protein feeds were substituted for 30 % crude protein of TMR intake. For measuring ruminal pH, ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA), ruminal digesta was sampled through ruminal cannula at 1 h-interval after the afternoon feeding. Blood was sampled via the jugular vein after the ruminal digesta sampling. Different CNCPS fraction-enriched proteins did not affect (p>0.05) ruminal pH except B3C being numerically low compared with the other groups. Ammonia-N and VFA were not significantly different among the experimental groups. Numerically low ammonia-N appeared in the steers fed rapeseed meal even though it contained high soluble N composition (A and B1 fractions). The discrepancy is unclear; however this may be related to low protein level in the diet and/or low DM intake. Blood metabolites were not significantly affected by the protein substitution except for blood urea nitrogen that was significantly (p<0.05) increased.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.292-299
• /
• 2000

Forty-four Javanese thin-tail ewes were used to study the effect of superovulation prior to mating and of ration quality on lamb birth weight at parturition. Twenty-two ewes weaning at least one lamb were used to measure lamb preweaning growth. Prior to mating, the experimental ewes were injected twice with prostaglandin, with an 11 d interval between injections to synchronize the estrous cycle. At the last prostaglandin injection, 24 ewes were also injected with 700 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to stimulate superovulation and the remainder were injected with saline as control. During pregnancy and lactation, the experimental ewes were fed either on a low (12% CP and 65% TDN) or a high (15% CP and 75% TDN) quality ration. During lactation, the milk was collected twice a day and was refed to the lambs by bottle feeding immediately after collection. Superovulation or ration quality as a main factor did not significantly affect lamb birth weight. Litter size significantly affected lamb birth weight (p<0.05), and there was an interaction of superovulation and litter size. Nonsuperovulated ewes giving birth to multiple lambs had significantly lower average lamb birth weight (1.34 kg) as compared to those giving birth to a single lamb (1.97 kg) (p<0.05). However, superovulated ewes giving birth to multiple lambs had no significant difference in average lamb birth weight (1.68 kg) as compared to those giving birth to a single lamb (1.91 kg) (p>0.05). Superovulation of ewes prior to mating resulted in a significant improvement in lamb birth weight in the multiple litter size, without significant effect on average preweaning daily gain (p=0.07). Superovulation had a promising use in improving animal production through improvement of prenatal growth during pregnancy and milk production during lactation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.244-253
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance indices among male commercial crossbred Korean native chickens from hatch to twelve weeks of age. A total of 312 one-day-old male birds were used for 6 groups of the commercial crossbred Korean native chicken within 1 paternal line and 6 maternal lines (1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, and 6A). The chickens were allocated to 24 battery cages to give 4 replicates per each crossbreed with 13 chickens per cage. Ad-libitum feeding was practiced throughout the experimental period and fresh water was available via nipple drinkers at all times. Body weight and feed intake were measured at two-week interval. Among six crossbreeds, the 2A group had the greatest (p < 0.05) body weight at week 8 and the greatest average daily weight gain in week 6 - 8. However, crossbreed 2A had the lowest viability (p < 0.05) at week 8 of all crossbreed groups as well as higher uniformity (p > 0.05) at week 2 than the others. No difference (p < 0.05) was found in any crossbreed Korean native chicken's growth performance indices including body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed efficiency, uniformity, and viability after week 8. With this in mind, crossbreed 2A had greater bodyweight, average daily gain, average feed intake, and feed efficiency than the other Korean native chickens 84 days after hatch, although they had lower uniformity and viability than the others.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.58-68
• /
• 2015

Requirements to control the large decrease in serum calcium (Ca) due to parturition and to increase the feed intake soon after parturition have been well accepted in dairy cows. This study was aimed to investigate the feed intake affected by serum Ca concentration with difructose anhydride (DFA) III supplement in dairy cows soon after parturition. Fourteen transition Holstein cows were divided into DFA and control (CONT) groups within 1 to 5 parity variations in each group. Measurement schedule for an individual cow was from 14 d before parturition to 7 d following parturition. The cows in DFA group were supplied 0.2 kg/head/d of DFA III feed containing 40 g of pure DFA III while the cows in CONT group received no DFA III. Other feeding procedures were the same for all cows in both groups. At parturition (d 0), serum Ca concentration sharply declined in both groups (p<0.05). Time interval for recovery from decreased serum Ca to its normal range (>9.0 mg/dL) tended to be faster in DFA group (12 h) than in the CONT group (48 h), but the differences were not significant. Active ruminal contraction was observed in DFA group at following parturition of d 1 (p<0.05), d 3 (p<0.05), and d 5 (p<0.01). Dry matter (DM) intake did not differ between the groups. However, positive correlations were observed between serum Ca concentration and ruminal contraction (p<0.001), and between ruminal contraction and DM intake (p<0.001) during following parturition. According to multiple regression analysis ($R^2$ = 0.824, p<0.001), the DM intake was positively affected by serum Ca concentration and ruminal contraction. These results suggest that feed intake soon after parturition in dairy cows can be increased by improvement of serum Ca concentration and active ruminal contraction, but DFA III supplementation in this study did not improve the lower serum Ca concentration due to parturition.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.332-341
• /
• 1989

Stomach contents and microstructures in otolith of Chaenogobius laevis were analyzed for the determination of age, growth and food. By comparaing structural similarity in a series of growth increments from three samples collected in a two-week interval, daily deposition of growth increments in otolith can be validated. Growth in length as daily basis was well represented by Gompertz curve: $L= 5.73{\cdot}\;e^{15.06}(1-e^{-0.0015t})$ for the fish age of $46\~102$ days. Mean growth rate increased from 0.40 mm/day for the age of $50\~60$ days to 0.85 mm/day for the age of $80\~100$ days. Chasnobius laevis showed a carnivorous feeding behavior and its major food items were polychaetes, amphipods and copepods. Small individuals ($15\~30$ mm SL) preyed heavily on copepods as well as polychaetes. However, the portion of copepods in stomach contents was decreased with increasing fish siEe, and this decrease was compensated by an increased consumption of amphipods.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.165-180
• /
• 2006

Objective : This study has been carried out to understand the effect of several herbal medicine concentrated solution on the hyperglycemic mice Induced with streptozotocin(STZ). Methods : The 60 mg/kg of STZ injection into mice twice by 24 h interval and then 120 mg/kg of STZ injection again 3 days after the earlier injection. Control group was subjected to natural recovery, however, treated groups were fed 0.2 ml of several herbal medicine-concentrated solution (PA (x2, several herbal medicine-concentrated solution 1 group); PB (x4 several herbal medicine-concentrated solution 2 group) daily for 6 weeks. Result : The weight of PA was higher than that of control, but weight of PB was lower than control. The blood level of control increased continuously, reaching to 350mg/dL after 6 weeks, however, PA and PB showed a fast reduction of blood glucose. In blood glucose tolerance test, PA and PB showed better resistance than control. The GOT level in significantly(p<0.05) decreased in PA and PB compared with control group. The BUN and creatinine levels are significantly(p<0.01) decreased in PA compared with control group. Feeding of several herbal medicine-concentrated solution in a concentration of PA had an efficient effect on regeneration or recovery of Langerhans islet and ${\beta}-cell$ damaged by STZ. More Langerhans islet and high insulin-immunohistochemical resistance were observed in PA compared with control, but they were higher in PB than in PA. The number of Langerhans islet ${\beta}-cell$ and Langerhans islet. Conclusions : The result from the six weeks of observation demonstrates that the several herbal medicine concentrated solution have a positive effect of lowering the level of blood sugar and they increased insulin concentration. They have an effect for recovery of pancreas tissue and recovery of kidney, liver function from a diabetes mellitus.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Clinical symptoms associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) can vary widely. Carrier state without apparent symptoms is relatively common during infancy. The objective of this study was to determine the association of C. difficile colonization with bowel habit change and the effect of C. difficile colonization treatment on restoration of normal bowel habit. Methods: Between 2006 and 2014, infants at 1 to 12 months of age with diarrhea for more than 2 weeks who did not improve with conservative care were recruited from Gachon University Gil Medical Center. Infants who were followed up for at least 7 days were included. The presence or absence of C. difficile colonization, effect of metronidazole, and other medical records were reviewed. To determine the association between CDI and bowel habit change, logistic regression analysis was used. Results: Of a total of 126 infants, 74 (58.7%) were male patients. Of the 126 patients, 27 (21.4%) had C. difficile colonization. Significant (p<0.05) risk factors for C. difficile colonization included artificial milk feeding (odds ratio [OR], 4.310; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.564-11.878), prior rotavirus vaccination (OR, 4.322; 95% CI, 1.018-18.349), and antibiotic use (OR, 4.798; 95% CI, 1.430-16.101). There was improvement in bowel habit after metronidazole therapy (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.79; p<0.05), regardless of the presence or absence of C. difficile colonization, Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between bowel habit change and C. difficile colonization during infancy. However, metronidazole can be used as an optional method to manage functional gastrointestinal disorders.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.71-86
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinically and histopathologically the effects to the periodontal tissue in rats after Cyclosporin A (CsA) administration and to determine whether there is a relationship between dosage of CsA or blood CsA level and the seventy of gingival overgrowth in rats. Twenty 6-week-old Sprauge-Dawley Fats were randomized into 4groups. The control group received olive oil only and the test group received daily CsA in olive oil via gastric feeding for 6weeks at a 3,10, and 30mg/kg. Rats were weighed to evaluate the systemic effect of drug and stone models were made from alginate impressions of upper and lover anterior region at 2 week interval. On completion of offal CsA administration, blood were collected and blood CsA levels were quantitated by TDxFLx analyzer. Rats were sacrificed an6 their upper and lower jaws were removed together with the surrounding gingiva and soft tissue for light microscopic examination. The results were as follows : 1. The weight gain of GsA-treated rats was much less than of the control group and central incisors were gradually displaced and separated in the test groups. 2. The extensive fibrovascular proliferation and scattered inflammatoy infiltrates in an edematous stroma were observed in enlarged gingiva of CsA-treated rats. 3. The increase in buccolingual, mesiodistal dimension of the anterior teeth and vertical height of the interdental papilla showed dose-dependent manner in CsA-treated rats. 4. Significant positive correlation exists between blood CsA level and the severity of gingival overgrowth in anterior teeth. This result indicates that the severity of gingival enlargement in CsA treated rats is correlated with dosage of CsA administration and blood CsA level.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2013

Field efficacy of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-specific phage (${\Phi}CJ19$) as a feed additive was evaluated in weaning piglets. Fifty-four piglets at 3-4 weeks old were allocated in three different groups and two of them were fed with bacteriophage at different concentrations ($10^6PFU/kg$ feed and $10^8PFU/kg$ feed, respectively) for 30 days. Body weight and feed intake were measured at 10 days interval and body condition and fecal score were inspected every day. Based on the measurement, feed conversion rate (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) of each group during 30 days were analyzed. The analysis suggests that the bacteriophage may help the improvement of FCR and ADG at $10^8PFU/kg$ of bacteriophage feeding group in 30 days. A result from analysis of fecal score indicates that the bacteriophage also may help to relieve the intermittent diarrhea in post-weaning stage. Those results suggest that bacteriophage might help the growth of piglets in post-weaning stage.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.253-270
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This study has been carried out to understand the effect of Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Seungmagalgeuntang on the hyperglycemic mice induced with Streptozotocin(STZ). Methods : The 60mg/kg of STZ was fed into mice twice by 24 h interval and then 120mg/kg STZ was fed again 3 days after the earlier feeding, Control group was administered mice with 0.9% saline(2mL/kg/day), and experimental groups were administered Cimicifugae Rhizoma extract(CA group, 10mg/kg/day; CB group, 30mg/kg/day) or Seungmagalgeuntang(SA group, 10mg/kg/day; SB group, 30mg/kg/day) after hyperglycemic induction for 6 weeks. Results : The body weight of experimental groups higher than control. The blood glucose concentration of the control group increased continuously reaching to 298.9 mg/dL after 6 weeks, however, significantly(p<0.01 or p<0.05) decreased in the SA and SB groups compared with control group. Blood insulin level significantly(p<0.01) increased in the experimental groups. The activities of SOD and catalase were more decreased in the experimental group than control group compared with normal group. In the point of pancreatic immunohistochemical change, the experimental group's pancreatic islets have increased and enlarged and the concentration of insulin-positive beta cells has also increased, comparing with the control group. Meanwhile forms of nucleus and mitochondria in the experimental group's hepatic cells were almost similar to the normal group. Conclusion : The result from the six weeks of observation demonstrates that the extracts from Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Seungmagalgeuntang have positive effects on lowering blood sugar level and elevating insulin concentration. The extract had also effects on recovering and regenerating pancreatic tissue of the hyperglycemic mice induced with STZ. At the same time, it had a protective effect against hepatotoxicity as well.