• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.322-326
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• 2012

Results of karyological study of intact plants and some callus lines of Panax ginseng are presented. In the native plants of P. ginseng the nucleus with 1 nucleolus (90%) dominate, and nucleus with 2 nucleoli is rare. One nucleolar nucleus also dominate in interphase nuclei of cells of cultivated P. ginseng (from 2006), but we also found nucleus with 2 to 3 nucleoli in the same cell lines. Interphase nuclei of P. ginseng in long cultivated lines (from 1988) contain 1 to 9 nucleoli, with a predominance of nuclei containing from 3 to 4 nucleoli. It was shown that long-time cells (cultivated since 1988) had cytogenetic changes such as increase level of polyploid and aneuploid cells, increase of nucleoli number into interphase nucleus and decrease of nuclei/nucleoli ratio. These long-time cultivated cells had very low ginsenoside content.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 1991

Distribution of the antigens during the cell cycle of amoebae was followed by immunof-luorescence microscopy using a monoclonal antibody against the nucleus as a probe. While the cells were in the interphase, the antigen was localized on the nucleus membrane. But it was dispersed all over the cytoplasm during mitosis and cytokinesis. The molecular weights of the immunoreacted antigens were 210 KD and 190 KD as determined by SDS PAGE and western blotting of the purified nuclei. The antigens were not soluble in non-ionic detergent, but were released from the nucleus by incubation with 0.05 M sodium carbonate, pH 10.6 or with 8 M urea at serial chemical extraction. Thus the antigens appeared to be peripheral proteins of the nurBeus envelope. The isoelectic point of both antigens was 7.64 as determined by 2 D PAGE and transfer blotting. Considering the peiipherd association with the nucleus membrane and the dispersed distribution during mitosis, the antigens could be lamin like proteins. Hourever, it appears also possible that they are the component molecules of the unusually structured aurous lamina of amoeba nucleus since they have the large molecular weight and the basic pl.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 1996

The internal ultrastructural changes of germ cells and external morphology of spermatozoon during the spermatogenesis in the rockfish, Sebastes inermis were studied using transmission and scanning electron microscope. The testis is seminiferous tubule type in internal structure. Seminiferous tubule consist of many cyst which contain numerous germ cells in same developmental stage. Spermatogonium contained a large nucleus with single nucleolus in interphase. Primary spermatocyte identified by the presence of synaptonemal complex in nucleus and the contained a number of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticula and Golgi bodies in cytoplasm. The nucleoplasm of secondary spermatocyte was more concentrated than that of the previous phase. Spermatids were more condensed in nucleus and cytoplasm, and show the long-spherical shape. In the cytoplasm of spermatid mitochondria located to lower portion of the nucleus and Golgi bodies located to upper portion, but proacrosomal granule is not appeared. The spermatozoon consist of the head and tail. No acrosome could be found in the head. The cytoplasmic collar of posterior part in sperm head contained mitochondria which surrounded axial filament. The well developed axonemal lateral fins were identified in sperm flagellum, and the axial filament of the flagellum consist of nine pairs of peripheral microtubules and one pair of central microtubules.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1005-1012
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• 1997

Fine structural changes of the germ cells during spermatogenesis in the goldeye rockfish, Sebastes thompson; were examined by means of the transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A spermatogonium has a large nucleus with a single nucleolus in the interphase. Primary spermatocytes are characterized by the formation of chromatin clumps and presence of the synaptonemal complex in the nucleus. The nucleoplasm of secondary spermatocytes is more condensed than that of primary spermatocytes, and the cytoplasm contains numerous mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. The nuclei of spermatids in metamorphosis show sickle-like shape as the nucleoplasm becomes more condensed. In the cytoplasm of spermatids, the proacrosomal granules are not found at all. A spermatozoon consists of head, neck and tail. The acrosome is absent in the head. Four to five cytoplasmic collars are observed in the posterior portion of the head of spermatozoon. The well developed axonemal lateral fins are observed in the flagellum of spermatozoon.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2003

넙치의 웅성생식세포의 발달과 정자 구조를 광학현미경과 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 곡정세관의 각 소낭내의 생식상피에서는 분열 증식중인 정원세포군이 염기성 염료에 미약하게 반응하기 시작한다. 정소조직의 계속적인 발달로 각 소낭내에는 분열증식중인 정모세포군을 관찰할 수 있다. 이후 소엽내강에는 상당수의 초기 정세포를 관찰할 수 있으며, 더욱 더 발달된 변태된 정자를 볼 수 있다. 투과전자현미경에 의한 관찰에서 간기의 정원세포는 세포질이 미약한 반면, 커다란 핵과 뚜렷한 인을 가진다. 제1정모세포의 핵내에서는 연접사 복합체 (synaptonemal complex)가 뚜렷하고 세포질내에서는 세포소기관이 증가한다. 제2정모세포의 핵질은 응축되어 높은 전자밀도를 나타낸다. 정세포는 세포질과 핵질이 응축되면서 타원형의 형태를 취하고, 미토콘드리아는 핵의 후방으로 위치한다. 변태를 마친 정자는 두부와 미부로 구성되며 무첨체형이다. 두부 후방에서는 cytoplasmic collar는 6개의 미토콘드리아를 가진다. 미부에서는 axonemal lateral fin을 관찰할 수 있다. 미부 편모 축사의 횡단면은 "9+2"의 미세소관 구조를 나타낸다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-49
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• 1987

Using ³H-proline as a radioactive tracer, the relationship between the ultrastructural differentiation and the site of protein synthesis has been investigated in developing red blood corpuscles. The general ultra-structure of erythropoietic cells in differentiation after 60 minutes of in vitro labeling has confirmed the results from previous investigations by Bessis, M., Thiery, J. and others. In dividing nuclei more than two-thirds of the labeling were present at the interface between heterochromatin and euchromatin. In less differentiated cells most of the grains in interphase cells was localized over the nucleus. As the cells continued to develope beyond a stage where cytoplasmic density was clearly increased over other cell lines in bone marrow, the majority of grains localized over the cytoplasmic area was decreased in more mature cells, as judged by the density of cytoplasm, and the structural changes in mitochondria, Golgi complex and polysomal configurations. These results show; 1) that the cytoplasm of erythroblast series does not change under in vitro conditions employed in the study; 2) that protein synthesis in the nucleus occurs largely at the interface between euchromatin and heterochromatin in active nuclei; and 3) that cytoplasmic synthesis of proteins continues to take place well into the normoblast stage solong as the physically visible polysomes are present in maturing red blood corpuscles.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1994

담배연기 수용성 물질 및 그 추출성분인 니코틴과 카테콜이 식물의 근단세포에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 양파(allium cepa L.)의 근단에 처리한 결과 식물세포에 유독한 영향을 미쳤으며 농도가 높을수록 염색체 이상은 증가하는 반면 분열지수는 점점 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 염색체 이상은 중기에서 polyploid, c-mitosis, stickness, 후기나 말기에 laggard나 bridge, 중간기에 micronucleus나 abnormal nucleus 등이 나타났다. 이러한 성분들을 각각 24시간 처리하였을 때 담배연기 수용액은 29.7%, 니코틴 15.8%, 카테콜 13.0%으로 염색체 이상을 유발시켰다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.335-340
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• 1997

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques allow the enumeration of chromosome abnormalities and from a great potential for many clinical applications. In order to produce quantitative and reproducible results, expensive tools such as a cooled CCD camera and a computer software are required. We have developed a Chromosome Image Processing System (Chips) using FISH that allows the detection and mapping of the genetic aberrations. The aim of our study, therefore, is to evaluate the capabilities of our original system using a black-and-white video camera. As a model system, three repetitive DNA probes (D18Z1, DXZ1, and DYZ3) were hybridized to variety different clinical samples such as human metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei obtained from uncultured peripheral blood lymphocytes, uncultured amniocytes, and germ cells. The visualization of the FISH signals was performed using our system for image acquisition and pseudocoloring. FISH images were obtained by combining images from each of probes and DAPI counterstain captured separately. Using our original system, the aberrations of single or multiple chromosomes in a single hybridization experiment using chromosomes and interphase nuclei from a variety of cell types, including lymphocytes, amniocytes, sperm, and biopsied blastomeres, were enabled to evaluate. There were no differences in the image quality in accordance with FISH method, fluorochrome types, or different clinical samples. Always bright signals were detected using our system. Our system also yielded constant results. Our Chips would permit a level of performance of FISH analysis on metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei with unparalleled capabilities. Thus, it would be useful for clinical purposes.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1971

Lilium Miquelianum Makino is a species which originated in Korea. The Karyotype of the species was examined in materials collected at Mts. Kaya, Kasan, Chejung, and Kaji. The results are as follows: 1) The somatic chromosome number was found to be 2n=24. 2) The karyotype is described as: K=2Am＋2Bkm＋2Csst＋2Dsst＋2Ests＋2Fst＋2Gst＋2Hst＋2Ist＋2Jsst＋2Kst＋2Lst m: metacentric, sm: submetacentric st: subtelocentric, s: secondary constriction 3) A single subcentric supernumerary B-chromosome was found in some bulbs from Mt. Kasan. 4) The shape of the supernumerary B-chromosome was similar to that of the E chromosome which had separated at its secondary constriction and lost its lower chromosome fragment. 5) From three to eight nucleio of varying sizes were found in the telophase or interphase nucleus of root tip cells. The maximum number of eight nucleoli corresponds to the number of chromosomes that have a secondary constriction.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1990

성장중인 포유동물의 난자에 존재하는 성숙억제요인이 배아의 난하레 미치는 효과를 세포융합방법을 사용하여 조사하였다. 생쥐에서 성장중인 난자와 간기에 있는 2세포기 할구와 1 : 1로 융합하여 배양했을 때 60% 이상의 융합체들이 두개의 핵을 간직하고 있었으며 4세포기의 할구와 융합했을 때에는 90% 이상이 두개으 핵을 간직하고 있었다. 같은 조건으로 배양한 융합되지 않은 할구들이나 단독으로 배양한 할구들은 한 주기의 난할을 일으키었다. 이에대해 이미 유사분열기로 들어간 후기 2세포기 할구와 성장중인 난자와 융합을 했을 때에는 오히려 난자의 핵붕괴와 함께 염색체의 응축이 일어났다. 쥐의 성장중인 난자와 간기에 있는 생쥐 2세포기 할구와 1 : 1로 융합했을 때에도 역시 거의 모든 융합체들이 핵을 간직하고 있어서 분열이 정지되어 있었다. 이러한 결과는 생쥐나 쥐의 성장중인 난자에는 배아의 난할을 억제하는 성질이 있음을 보여주는 것이며 이미 분열기로 들어간 배아의 세포질에는 효과를 나타내지 못한다는 것을 보여주고 있다.