• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.307-329
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• 1997

Nowadays the whole World is overwhelmed by the wave of Information Technology. In particular, in this Information & Communication Era such advanced countries as United States, Germany, and France are now launching and preparing Government levels Information Technology Policy and Strategies in order to keep their information initiative and superiority. Ever since 1993 when the US government have been advocating m as well as NPR, the US is concentrating their all energies and efforts on the redeem of their former national competitiveness which was snatched up to Japan, meanwhile also Japanese government, who has announced NEW SOCIETY CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM in 1994 to be completed by 2010, is trying to do their whole national endeavors to enter into the highly enhanced information society. Recently also our Government enacted the LAW of INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROMOTE & EXPEDITE in 1995 then sequently in the next year announced its detailed enforcement regulations, targeting at one of the leading countries with highly advanced Information Technology. The concept of Internet which takes the concept of Internet into the inner side of the industries has been, since implemented in 1995, showing really the rapid growth and at the same time it is highlighted onto the next generations Information-network. The merits of Internet, representing as the affordable cost, continuous standardization, various functionalities of multimedia excellent expansibilities, easy interface is the most adequate choice as a newest method for our country that announce to be one of leading countries in the realization of Information Technology and expects immediate effect on the construction of Internet in the level of whole country. In an effort to construct the nations level of Internet by firstly the build-up and connection of each central and each local government level of internet, a few methods for nation levels internet build-up are here studied and described, while in the beginnings stage through both e-mails and internet home pages the nation level of internet can be established in stages. The construction of Internet in the level of the nation is not an issue of simple option but an essential and inevitable choice for the survival in 2000s and as well the jump-up and penetration onto the real advanced country in the New Era.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.88-99
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• 2017

This study investigated the clinical characteristics of the Internet addiction risk group using MMPI-2 and discussed whether the MMPI-2 can be used for diagnosis, evaluation and intervention of the Internet addiction risk group. We verified the difference in the MMPI-2 scales between the addiction-risk group and the general user group, and verified whether the substance-related scales MAC-R, AAP, and AAS scales can distinguish between Internet addiction risk group and general users. The results of the analysis of the MMPI-2 characteristics of 39 Internet addiction risk group and 21 general user group who visited internet addiction counseling center showed significant difference in the D, Pa, Pt, Sc, and Si scales on the clinical scale. There was no difference in the MAC-R, AAS, and APS scales between the Internet addiction group and the general user group. This suggests, that it is not possible to screen the Internet addiction risk group with the supplementary measure, and it is necessary to develop a new scale to diagnose internet addiction.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.36-49
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• 2012

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the body which manages the allocation and registration of global Internet IP addresses and domain names. As a gesture to overcome the dependency on the U.S. government, ICANN and the U.S. Department of Commerce jointly made the Affirmation of Commitment in which they submitted the workings of ICANN to the supervision of a council of Internet experts. Accountability and Transparency Review Team (ATRT) is one of four teams created for this purpose. In December 2010, ATRT made 27 recommendations, which were subsequently approved by the ICANN Board. These reform efforts of ICANN provide significant implications for the future of Korean Internet governance. Korea should enhance the compatibility of its domestic decision making process related to Internet addresses with the private sector driven, bottom-up process of global Internet governance. In order to increase the involvement of private sector and civil society, it is recommended for Korea to formalize the mechanism for bottom-up process. Insertion of a new provision concerning a bottom-up process into the Internet Addresses Act should be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of internet use time and health risk behaviors among adolescents and provide data to set up a strategy for preventing internet addiction. Methods: The data of the 2011 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based Survey Collected by Korean Center for Disease Control was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test for this study. Results: There were significant differences between boys and girls in internet use time. Boy's internet use time was different according to city size(F=13.20, p<.001), grade(F=35.85, p<.001), school record(F=298.95, p<.001), economic state(F=326.75, p<.001), living with parents(t=11.60, p<.001), father's education level(F=147.92, p<.001), and mother's education level(F=110.93, p<.001). Girls' internet use time was also different according to school grade(t=-8.68, p<.001), grade(F=61.03, p<.001), school record(F=233.32, p<.001), economic state(F=185.78, p<.001), living with parents(t=10.81, p<.001), father's education level(F=86.54, p<.001), and mother's education level(F=92.64, p<.001). Regarding the health risk behaviors, present smoking, present alcohol drink, drug use skipping breakfast, eating fast food, drinking soda, sexual behavior, suicidal attempt, engagement time in physical education classes, severe exercise, and sleeping satisfaction made differences in the internet use time. Conclusions: The results suggest that health risk behaviors are influenced by internet use time of adolescents. Thus, these results may be contribute to development of programs to prevent internet addiction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.214-221
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to assess the association of internet addiction and depression, stress and suicidal ideation among adolescents. Methods: The authors have surveyed 2 middle schools and 2 high schools located in Seoul and analyzed 525 questionnaires. The questionnaire included the Internet Addiction Self Diagnosis Index (K-index), Child Depression Index (CDI), Stress Index and Reynold's Suicidal Ideation Index. Structural equational model analysis was done to explore the association between internet addiction and suicidal ideation. Results: The adolescent internet addiction groups were classified as the high risk group 12 (2.3%), the potential risk group 64 (12.2%) and the normal group 449 (85.5%). When classified according to sex, the high risk group is consisted of 8 (3.9%) boys, 4 (1.3%) girls and the potential risk group is consisted of 41 (64.1%) boys and 23 (35.9%) girls which leads to the conclusion that boys are relatively more addicted compared with girls. The group with more addiction showed higher depression scores, stress scores and suicidal ideation scores. The correlation analysis showed the significant relations between internet addiction and depression (r=0.263), stress (r=0.265) and suicidal ideation (r=0.284). According to the structural equation model analysis, internet addiction had direct effects on the depression and indirect effects on suicidal ideation. Stress had the significant direct effects on both internet addiction and depression. Depression had a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Internet addiction affects directly and indirectly an depression and suicidal ideation among adolescent.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between internet addiction, smartphone addiction, and psychosocial factors. This study was designed to examine the vulnerability factors for internet and smartphone addiction. Methods: The participants were 1041 children and adolescents in a small and medium-sized cities. All of the participants were evaluated in terms of their demographic characteristics and present use of the internet and smartphone, as well as using internet and smartphone addiction and other psychological scales. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the psychosocial factors between the high risk, potential risk, and general user groups of internet and smartphone addiction. Results: The participants were classified into three groups, the high risk (N=33), potential risk (N=203), and general user (N=805) groups with regard to their internet and smartphone addiction level. There were statistical significantly differences between the groups in terms of the economic status of the family, academic performance, parents, use of internet and smartphone, loneliness, family cohesion, family adaptability, perceived social support, and peer relationship. Conclusion: These results suggest that the internet and smartphone addiction of children and adolescents is related to various psychosocial vulnerability factors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to identify the scope of internet addiction in school age children in early grades of elementary school in Korea, and to identify factors affecting internet addiction fur these children. Method: The participants were 408 children from in grades 1 to 4 in four urban elementary schools. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include a parent-child internet addiction test, a self-control rating scale, and a scale of parent control of on-line use. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: Of the children, $71.6\%$ reported being average on-line users, $27.9\%$, heavy on-line users, and $0.5\%$, internet addicted. Self control and parent control of on-line use for average on-line users were different from that of heavy on-line users. Significant predictors influencing internet addiction were time spent on-line, self control, gender, father's occupation, on-line games, on-line use alone, and conversation with parents. These predictors accounted for $42\%$ of variance in internet addiction. Conclusion: The prevalence of heavy on-line use in children was higher than expected, and internet addiction was influenced by self control, time spent on-line, and related factors. Therefore nursing interventions for prevention and management of internet addiction need to be developed and provided to these children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.3 s.112
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• pp.78-89
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• 2007

The objectives of this research were to investigate the relationships between purchase motives and post-purchase satisfaction of cosmetics at internet shopping malls, and to reveal how cosmetic purchase motives and demographic variables influence to the post-purchase satisfaction. Subjects were 202 females in Seoul who had experiences of cosmetic shopping at internet. Five dimensions of cosmetic purchase motives at internet shopping malls were derived by factor analysis: 'information provision', 'service/quality', 'time saver', 'use convenience', and 'economical efficiency'. Consumers showed relatively high cosmetic purchase motives at internet shopping malls because the prices of on-line shopping mall products were cheaper than those of off-line, and because it was easy to compare various products at internet shopping malls. The motive of 'information provision' had significant positive relationships with the satisfaction of price, quality, color, volume, and skin suitability of cosmetics. The motive of 'time saver' and 'use convenience' had positive relationships with the satisfaction of price and quality. The motives of 'service/quality' and 'use convenience' were higher in career women than in college women. The middle class consumers and the consumers who use internet more had a high 'information provision' motive in shopping cosmetics at internet. The post-purchase satisfaction of cosmetics was influenced most by the experience postscripts and next by economical efficiency, frequency of access to the internet cosmetic malls, and social class(-) in order.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

This study explores reasonable alternatives to internet interconnection policy. Due to the development of information and communication technology, patterns of the Internet usage are changing rapidly, including increase of video streaming services. For this reason, there is a lively discussion of the Internet interconnection policy, which integrates various Internet service operators into one ecosystem. We conducted an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) analysis with 16 experts in government/public, and academic sectors, and alternative selection criteria and their corresponding alternatives and detailed tasks were evaluated. According to the results, the most important alternative selection criteria was a "fair charge against foreign service operators", and the most desirable alternative was "partial revise". Moreover, the experts responded that "reassessment of the principle of the charge" is the most urgent task to improve the Internet interconnection policy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

Objectives: The overuse of the Internet among adolescents has increased dramatically in recent years, leading to pathological or problematic Internet use. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is known to be effective for the treatment of problematic Internet use, particularly for adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of group CBT for problematic Internet use in adolescents. Methods: A total of 17 patients aged 12-17 years who met Young's diagnostic questionnaire criteria of problematic Internet use participated in a school-based eight-session group CBT program. The level of problematic Internet use among participating students was measured using Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). Depression and anxiety levels were evaluated using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. Each construct was assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at a one-month follow-up visit. Statistical significance was based on a p-value of <0.05. Results: Immediately after the program, the IAS, CDI, and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scores were significantly lower than before the program. At the one-month follow-up assessment, the IAS scores remained low, and the CDI and SAI scores were even lower than immediately after the program. Conclusion: Group CBT was effective for adolescents with problematic Internet use, and was also demonstrated to improve depression and anxiety.