• Title/Summary/Keyword: Internet Video Coding

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On Rate-adaptive LDPC-based Cross-layer SVC over Bursty Wireless Channels

  • Cho, Yongju;Cha, Jihun;Radha, Hayder;Seo, Kwang-Deok
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.6 no.9
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    • pp.2266-2284
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    • 2012
  • Recent studies have indicated that a significant improvement in wireless video throughput can be achieved by Cross Layer Design with Side-information (CLDS) protocols. In this paper, we derive the operational rate of a CLDS protocol operating over a realistic wireless channel. Then, a Rate-Distortion (R-D) empirical model for above-capacity Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is deduced to estimate the loss of video quality incurred under inaccurate rate estimation scenarios. Finally, we develop a novel Unequal Error Protection (UEP) scheme which leverages the characteristics of LDPC codes to reduce the distortion of video quality in case of typically-observed burst wireless errors. The efficacy of the proposed rate adaptation architecture over conventional protocols is demonstrated by realistic video simulations using actual IEEE 802.11b wireless traces.

Auto-Covariance Analysis for Depth Map Coding

  • Liu, Lei;Zhao, Yao;Lin, Chunyu;Bai, Huihui
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.8 no.9
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    • pp.3146-3158
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    • 2014
  • Efficient depth map coding is very crucial to the multi-view plus depth (MVD) format of 3-D video representation, as the quality of the synthesized virtual views highly depends on the accuracy of the depth map. Depth map contains smooth area within an object but distinct boundary, and these boundary areas affect the visual quality of synthesized views significantly. In this paper, we characterize the depth map by an auto-covariance analysis to show the locally anisotropic features of depth map. According to the characterization analysis, we propose an efficient depth map coding scheme, in which the directional discrete cosine transforms (DDCT) is adopted to substitute the conventional 2-D DCT to preserve the boundary information and thereby increase the quality of synthesized view. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves better performance than that of conventional DCT with respect to the bitrate savings and rendering quality.

A Fast TU Size Decision Method for HEVC RQT Coding

  • Wu, Jinfu;Guo, Baolong;Yan, Yunyi;Hou, Jie;Zhao, Dan
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.2271-2288
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    • 2015
  • The emerging high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard adopts the quadtree-structured transform unit (TU) in the residual quadtree (RQT) coding. Each TU allows to be split into four equal sub-TUs recursively. The RQT coding is performed for all the possible transform depth levels to achieve the highest coding efficiency, but it requires a very high computational complexity for HEVC encoders. In order to reduce the computational complexity requested by the RQT coding, in this paper, we propose a fast TU size decision method incorporating an adaptive maximum transform depth determination (AMTD) algorithm and a full check skipping - early termination (FCS-ET) algorithm. Because the optimal transform depth level is highly content-dependent, it is not necessary to perform the RQT coding at all transform depth levels. By the AMTD algorithm, the maximum transform depth level is determined for current treeblock to skip those transform depth levels rarely used by its spatially adjacent treeblocks. Additionally, the FCS-ET algorithm is introduced to exploit the correlations of transform depth level between four sub-CUs generated by one coding unit (CU) quadtree partitioning. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed overall algorithm significantly reduces on average 21% computational complexity while maintaining almost the same rate distortion (RD) performance as the HEVC test model reference software, HM 13.0.

Performance Improvement of Low Delay P-Frame for Internet Video Coding (IVC 를 위한 저지연 P 프레임의 부호화 성능 개선 기법)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Jae-Gon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2013.06a
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    • pp.405-406
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    • 2013
  • 현재 MPEG 에서 표준화 중인 IVC(Internet Video Coding)에서는 저지연 모드 부호화 구조에서 비참조 P 프레임 부호화 기법을 선택적으로 사용하여 2% 비트율 이득을 얻고 있다. 기존의 비참조 P 프레임 기법은 움직임 벡터(MV)의 크기를 이용하여 적응적으로 고정된 부호화 구조의 비참조 P 프레임을 적용하고 있으나 시퀀스에 따라서 오히려 부호화 성능이 크게 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 IVC 시험모델(ITM4.0)에 채택되어 있는 적응적 비참조 P 프레임 부호화 성능을 개선하기 위하여 기존의 고정된 비참조 P 프레임의 구조를 변경하는 기법과 MV 와 함께 프레임별 발생 비트량을 함께 사용하는 기법을 제시한다. 실험결과 제안된 기법은 시퀀스에 따른 큰 성능 저하 없이 ITM4.0 대비 3.0% 정도의 비트율 감소를 얻음을 확인하였다.

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4×4 Block Inter Prediction for Internet Video Coding (IVC 의 4×4 블록 화면간 예측부호화)

  • Yang, Anna;Lee, Jae-Yung;Kim, Jae-Gon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2015.07a
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    • pp.555-556
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    • 2015
  • MPEG 의 Royalty-Free 비디오 코덱의 하나로 표준화 중인 IVC(Internet Video Coding)에서는 화면내(intra) 예측부호화에서 부호화 이득을 위하여 $4{\times}4$ 블록 예측 및 $4{\times}4$ 블록 변환을 포함하고 있다. 반면, 화면간(inter) 예측부호화에서는 $16{\times}16$ 블록에서 최소 $8{\times}8$ 블록까지의 가변크기 블록에 대한 예측만 가능하다. 보다 복잡한 영상의 경우 보다 작은 블록에 대한 화면간 예측을 통하여 부호화의 성능 개선을 개선할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 화면간 예측의 블록 크기를 $4{\times}4$ 블록까지 확장하여 화면간 예측부호화 성능을 개선한다. 실험결과 제안기법은 기존의 ITM 12.0 대비 다양한 테스트 시퀀스의 휘도성분에서 평균적으로 비트율 절감의 이득은 없으나 대부분의 클래스에서 성능개선을 보였고 추가적인 최적화가 필요함을 확인하였다.

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Lagrange Multiplier Selection for Non-Reference P Frames in Internet Video Coding (IVC의 비참조 P 프레임을 위한 Lagrange 계수 선택 기법)

  • Oh, Soo-Chang;Yang, Anna;Kim, Jae-Gon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2014.11a
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    • pp.197-199
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    • 2014
  • 현재 MPEG에서 표준화 중인 IVC(Internet Video Coding)에서는 기존의 비디오 부호화 표준과 같이 Lagrange 계수 기반의 율-왜곡 최적화(RDO: Rate-Distortion Optimization)를 사용하여 최적의 부호화 모드를 결정하고 있다. RDO를 위하여 픽쳐 타입과 부호화 구조에 따라 미리 결정된 Lagrange 계수가 선택적으로 사용되고 있다. 한편 IVC에서는 저지연 모드 부호화 구조에서 비참조 P 프레임 부호화 기법을 선택적으로 사용하여 상당한 부호화 성능을 얻고 있다. 하지만 Lagrange 계수 선택에서 기존의 P 프레임과는 다른 비참조 P 프레임의 RD 특성이 반영되고 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 비참조 P 프레임의 RD 특성을 고려하여 기존의 기법을 확장한 새로운 Lagrange 계수 선택 기법을 제안한다. 실험결과 제안기법은 IVC 시험모델 ITM 10.0에서 기존 기법 대비 0.4%의 비트율 감소를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다.

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An Adaptive Rate Allocation to Source-Channel Coding for Internet Video

  • Kwon, Jae-Cheol;Kim, Jae-Kyoon
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2003.07e
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    • pp.1915-1919
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    • 2003
  • A practical method of adaptive rate allocation to source and channel codings for an independent loss channel is proposed for Internet video. It is based on the observations that the values of residual loss probabilities at the optimal code rates for different packet loss probabilities are closely clustered to the average residual loss probability for a transmission frame size n in RS(n,k) code and for a total bit rate R. These observations aye then exploited to find the code rate for maximum PSNR. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a near-optimal bit-rate allocation in the joint source-channel coding of H.263 and RS(n,k) codings.

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An Efficient Intra Prediction Scheme for Internet Video Coding (IVC를 위한 효율적인 인트라 예측 부호화)

  • Kim, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Jin-soo;Kim, Jae-Gon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2013.11a
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    • pp.157-158
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    • 2013
  • 현재 MPEG에서 무료(Royalty-Free) 비디오 코덱으로 표준화 중인 IVC(Internet Video Coding)에서는 인트라 부호화를 위하여 DC 모드의 한 가지 예측 모드만 사용하고 있다. 이러한 기존의 인트라 부호화 기법은 부호화 모드를 시그널링할 필요가 없고 부호화 시간이 빠른 장점이 있지만 인트라 예측의 정확도가 많이 떨어짐에 따라 부호화 효율이 저하된다. 본 논문에서는 IVC의 인트라 부호화 성능 향상을 위하여 4 가지 예측 모드를 지원한다. 즉, 공간적 상관성을 고려하여 평활화된 참조화소 값을 사용하는 평활화된 다중모드 인트라 부호화 기법을 제안한다. 실험결과 제안된 기법은 All-Intra 부호화 구조에서 기존의 ITM 6.0 대비 7.4% 정도의 비트율 감소를 얻음을 확인하였다.

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Relative SATD-based Minimum Risk Bayesian Framework for Fast Intra Decision of HEVC

  • Gwon, Daehyeok;Choi, Haechul
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.385-405
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    • 2019
  • High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) enables significantly improved compression performance relative to existing standards. However, the advance also requires high computational complexity. To accelerate the intra prediction mode decision, a minimum risk Bayesian classification framework is introduced. The classifier selects a small number of candidate modes to be evaluated by a rate-distortion optimization process using the sum of absolute Hadamard transformed difference (SATD). Moreover, the proposed method provides a loss factor that is a good trade-off model between computational complexity and coding efficiency. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a 31.54% average reduction in the encoding run time with a negligible coding loss of 0.93% BD-rate relative to HEVC test model 16.6 for the Intra_Main common test condition.

Complexity Analysis of Internet Video Coding (IVC) Decoding

  • Park, Sang-hyo;Dong, Tianyu;Jang, Euee S.
    • Journal of Multimedia Information System
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.179-188
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    • 2017
  • The Internet Video Coding (IVC) standard is due to be published by Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) for various Internet applications such as internet broadcast streaming. IVC aims at three things fundamentally: 1) forming IVC patents under a free of charge license, 2) reaching comparable compression performance to AVC/H.264 constrained Baseline Profile (cBP), and 3) maintaining computational complexity for feasible implementation of real-time encoding and decoding. MPEG experts have worked diligently on the intellectual property rights issues for IVC, and they reported that IVC already achieved the second goal (compression performance) and even showed comparable performance to even AVC/H.264 High Profile (HP). For the complexity issue, however, there has not been thorough analysis on IVC decoder. In this paper, we analyze the IVC decoder in view of the time complexity by evaluating running time. Through the experimental results, IVC is 3.6 times and 3.1 times more complex than AVC/H.264 cBP under constrained set (CS) 1 and CS2, respectively. Compared to AVC/H.264 HP, IVC is 2.8 times and 2.9 times slower in decoding time under CS1 and CS2, respectively. The most critical tool to be improved for lightweight IVC decoder is motion compensation process containing a resolution-adaptive interpolation filtering process.