• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.45-62
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• 2021

After the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, the spread of COVID-19 has not been easily caught despite preventive measures in each country. The spread of COVID-19 has hit the world, especially in the economic and tourism sectors. Countries around the world are easing restrictions on the movement of vaccinated people in preparation for the post-corona era. Under the name of "Vaccine Passport," "Vaccination Certificate," and "Digital Health Pass," vaccination measures are being implemented to allow vaccination recipients to use multi-use facilities. However, there is no international agreement on the movement of countries, and each country has its own immigration policy. In order to return to pre-corona daily life, global agreements must be reached from the movement of vaccinated people between countries, and standards and implementation methods must be determined. This study focuses on the implementation and utilization of vaccination certificates suitable for the COVID-19 era. We will look at the spread of COVID-19 and its international response policies. In the case of COVID-19, we will investigate why vaccination certificate installation should be standardized and how far the current standardization has been discussed, and discuss the characteristics of vaccination certificate installation and considerations. In order for the immunization certificate discussed in the previous chapter to be recognized internationally, institutional and technical considerations are identified and security factors that may occur in each implementation are also presented. Finally, the international recognition case of vaccination certificate is discussed, and the method of installation and utilization of vaccination certificate is proposed. This paper can be used as a policy because of its timeliness in studying the standards of vaccination certificates and considerations for international recognition to restore movement between countries in the spread of COVID-19. In addition, if other infectious diseases occur in the future or similar cases where movement between countries is restricted, it can be used as a reference to support the movement of verified people.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.127-136
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• 2021

Real-time human recognition is a challenging task, as the images are captured in an unconstrained environment with different poses, makeups, and styles. This limitation is addressed by generating several facial images with poses, makeup, and styles with a single reference image of a person using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). In this paper, we propose deep learning-based human recognition using integration of GAN and Spatial Domain Techniques. A novel concept of human recognition based on face depiction approach by generating several dissimilar face images from single reference face image using Domain Transfer Generative Adversarial Networks (DT-GAN) combined with feature extraction techniques such as Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Histogram is deliberated. The Euclidean Distance (ED) is used in the matching section for comparison of features to test the performance of the method. A database of millions of people with a single reference face image per person, instead of multiple reference face images, is created and saved on the centralized server, which helps to reduce memory load on the centralized server. It is noticed that the recognition accuracy is 100% for smaller size datasets and a little less accuracy for larger size datasets and also, results are compared with present methods to show the superiority of proposed method.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.3-24
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• 2010

In the approaching 21th century, the outstanding development in international trade and commerce has established arbitration as the preferred form of dispute resolution on international business transaction. Because the form of commercial dispute becomes more complicated and varied with the quantitative increase of them, the reasonable and rapid settlement of them must be the important problem simultaneously. In this article, the author discusses various issues on the recognition and enforcement of an foreign arbitral awards under Korean Arbitration Act, which is modeled after the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration of the UNCITRAL of 1985. The Dec. 31, 1999 amendment to the Korean Arbitration Act admits the basis for enforcement of foreign arbitral awards rendered under United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958(commonly known as the New York Convention). Korea has acceded to the New York Convention since 1973. When acceding to the convention, Korea declared that it will apply the Convention to the recognition and enforcement of awards made only in the territory of anther Contracting State on the basis of reciprocity. Also, Korea declared that it will apply the Convention only to differences arising out of legal relationships, whether contractual or not, which are considered as commercial under the national law of Korea. The provision relating to the enforcement of arbitral awards falling under the New York Convention consists of Article III, IV, V. In particular, Article V of the New York Convention enumerates the grounds for refusal of recognition foreign arbitral awards. The grounds are separated into two categories : One that abides by procedures and the others are based on national legal sovereignty. In Korea, a holder of a foreign arbitral award is obliged to request from the court a judgment ordering enforcement of awards. Because Korea requires enforcement to be based on a judgement, the result is that arbitral of award holders are forced to institute domestic litigation.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.349-370
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• 2016

This thesis examines the problems faced in the electronic bill of lading for which improvements are necessary, and suggests various ways of overcoming those problems. First, to build a negotiation system for electronic B/Ls, active participation from related parties in addition to the government support is essential. Second, electronic B/Ls cannot be utilized within a short period of time in current commercial practices. Third, there should be infrastructure which connects all parties of international commerce through an electronic system. Fourth, instead of promoting mutual recognition through international treaty, there should be a plan which legally specifying mutual recognition between certification authorities. Fifth, it is needed to ease the strictness of electronic signature to promote the global negotiation of electronic B/Ls. Lastly, in prima facie weight of evidence, there was a significant difference with the Rotterdam Rules even in comparison with the Commercial Act which was amended with the significantly advanced rules on electronic B/L. He believed there should be a discreet consideration on these matters at the revision of the Commercial Act. For this, the government has to provide support more aggressively with more interest and commitments.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.322-336
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• 2022

South Korea is in the limelight in the past decades as Korean universities races for internationalization. As the number of students studying abroad tremendously increasing, there has been a growing need for higher education institutions to understand international working students' life satisfaction and sense of belonging. The aim of this research is to outline which determinants affects life satisfaction as mediated by sense of belonging. With the samples size of 102 respondents, the proposed research model was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) and SPSS. Results show that all determinants (Recognition, Quality of Education, Experienced Difficulties in Public Service and Understanding Korean Language) were positively significant toward Sense of Belonging. Likewise sense of belonging holds the positive indirect significant effects of the four determinants to life satisfaction.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.92-96
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• 2004

The researches of the emotions are currently great interest in speech processing as well as in human-machine interaction domain. In the recent years, more and more of researches relating to emotion synthesis or emotion recognition are developed for the different purposes. Each approach uses its methods and its various parameters measured on the speech signal. In this paper, we proposed using a short-time parameter: MFCC coefficients (Mel­Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients) and a simple but efficient classifying method: Vector Quantification (VQ) for speaker-dependent emotion recognition. Many other features: energy, pitch, zero crossing, phonetic rate, LPC... and their derivatives are also tested and combined with MFCC coefficients in order to find the best combination. The other models: GMM and HMM (Discrete and Continuous Hidden Markov Model) are studied as well in the hope that the usage of continuous distribution and the temporal behaviour of this set of features will improve the quality of emotion recognition. The maximum accuracy recognizing five different emotions exceeds $88\%$ by using only MFCC coefficients with VQ model. This is a simple but efficient approach, the result is even much better than those obtained with the same database in human evaluation by listening and judging without returning permission nor comparison between sentences [8]; And this result is positively comparable with the other approaches.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.47-70
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• 2022

This paper studies legal regulation of the public policy exception in the Russian Federation and domestic judicial practice on the issue. It reviews current legislation and analyzes a number of recent court cases where an arbitral award rendered by a foreign arbitration body was refused recognition and enforcement based on public policy violation. By doing so, it contributes to the knowledge on the concept of public policy in the Russian legal system and how public policy can affect the process of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards on its territory. The review of court cases demonstrates different aspects of how the public policy exception can be applied by Russian arbitrazh courts. Such decisions can provide a clearer picture of the kinds of situation that can lead to invoking the public policy clause by the court. Also, it is of practical value as persons preparing to file a claim or to be a defendant in a Russian court can be required to present existing court decisions in support of their claim or defence.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.46-48
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• 2016

Purpose In face reocognition area, estimating occlusion in face images is on the rise. In this paper, we propose a new face recognition algorithm based on dual sparse representation to solve this problem. Method Each face image is partitioned into several pieces and sparse representation is implemented in each part. Then, some parts that have large sparse concentration index are combined and sparse representation is performed one more time. Each test sample is classified by using the final sparse coefficient where correlation between the test sample and training sample is applied. Results The recognition rate of the proposed algorithm is higher than that of the basic sparse representation classification. Conclusion The proposed method can be applied in real life which needs to identify someone exactly whether the person disguises his face or not.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.294-301
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• 2022

COVID-19 is a crisis with numerous casualties. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the use of masks as an essential safety measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, whether or not to wear a mask is an important issue when entering and exiting public places and institutions. However, this makes face recognition a very difficult task because certain parts of the face are hidden. As a result, face identification and identity verification in the access system became difficult. In this paper, we propose a system that can detect masked face using transfer learning of Yolov5s and recognize the user using transfer learning of Facenet. Transfer learning preforms by changing the learning rate, epoch, and batch size, their results are evaluated, and the best model is selected as representative model. It has been confirmed that the proposed model is good at detecting masked face and masked face recognition.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

In this paper, we will present the realization of a facial recognition system using the ESP32-CAM board controlled by an Arduino board. The goal is to monitor a remote location in real time via a camera that is integrated into the ESP32 IOT board. The acquired images will be recorded on a memory card and at the same time transmitted to a pc (a web server). The development of this remote monitoring system is to create an alternative between security, reception, and transmission of information to act accordingly. The simulation results of our proposed application of the facial recognition domain are very efficient and satisfying in real time.