• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.349-355
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• 2023

This study surveyed the island located in Sinan-gun and Wando-gun four times, once per season from September 2020 to November 2021 in order to understand the distribution of waterbirds on the island of the southwest coast. As a result of the investigation, a total of waterbirds of 7 orders, 12 families of 50 species, and 3,680 individuals were identified. By taxon, the largest number of species were identified as 11 species of waders, and the number of ducks was the largest with 2,035 individuals. In Bigeum-do Island, where forests are distributed less, the proportion of farmland is large, and tidal flats are widely distributed, the largest number of species and individuals of herons and waders were identified. Ducks and gulls have also been identified in large numbers of individuals in Bigeum-do Island. Most of them are forests and farmland, and the largest number of species and individuals of ducks have been identified in Pyeongil-do Island, where the coast is deep. In addition, Nodae-do Island, Sobyeongpung-do, and Daebyeongpung-do Island with monotonous habitats have been identified with fewer species and individuals. As a result, We learned that various types of waterbirds lived in islands with various habitats, and that the preferred habitat was different depending on the characteristics of the taxon group. By season, the largest number of species was identified as 35 in autumn, and the largest number of individuals was identified as 1,681 in winter. Although most of the seasonally identified waterbirds were winter birds, the largest number of species were identified in autumn, and most of the confirmed waterbird migration were identified in the autumn, indicating that waterbirds used the west-south coast islands as an intermediate stopover while traveling.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.138-145
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• 2017

As that experienced in other developing countries, Mongolia has already faced multilateral side issues for two decades due to economic growth that created Ger areas or internationally 'Slum', public housing and living conditions for low-income citizens, on the basis of rapid migration from rural areas to urban. Ger areas appear to be the main cause of environmental pollution problems and impending comfortable living conditions of the city's residents by covering more than half area of Ulaanbaatar city. Also, the spread of the Ger areas has many side issues such as prevention of urban development and unaesthetic. Most inhabitants of the areas are on low-incomes, and living in the detached houses or felt yurts (Ger) usually build within a low budget, by themselves or unprofessional people, and by using materials of poor quality. Therefore, Ger areas are an inevitable issue that requires effective, proper and immediate housing policy coordination under the government and even the housing market. Unfortunately housing policies, laws, and projects adopted by Mongolian government have shown inefficient results. The government housing policies, unlike other developing countries did not target low-income households' housing which is the priority issue for two decades. But only in 2014, the Long-term housing policy with the strategy for affordable housing initiated the housing policy for low-income households. This policy has five main broad directions such as redevelopment of Ger area, the land readjustment, public rental housing, new settlements and new city and reconstruction for old apartments, which are rather general and would require tremendous financial resources if each of the directions is implemented simultaneously without prioritization. Therefore this research aims to suggest the efficient and adequate housing policy direction for the low-income households in Ger area based on achievement of other developing countries' strategies, performances and generic characteristic with explanatory models. Also, this research adopts a literature analysis method that uses various research reports, related papers in domestic and international journals, and theses by experts, researchers, public institutions, and agencies.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1495-1505
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate survival rate and fish movement (migration) using a tagging approach of passive integrated transponder (PIT) in Juksan Weir, which was constructed as a four major river restoration projects. For this study, survival rates of each fish species and the mobility of fish individuals were analyzed during 2 weeks by the insertion of PIT tags to various fish species in the laboratory. According to tagging tests in the laboratory, the survival rate 37.5% (30 survivals of 80 individuals) after the insertion of PIT tags. The survival rate of Carassius auratus and Hemibarbus labeo was 100% and 80% after the insertion of the tags, respectively, whereas it was only 13.3% for Zacco platypus. In the field experiments of Juksan Weir, 6 species and 157 individuals from 8 species (563 individuals) were detected in the fixed automatic data-logging system, indicating a detection rate of 27.9% in the fishway of Juksan Weir. In the meantime, some species with no or low detection rates in the fixed automatic data-logging system were turn out to be stagnant-type species, which prefer stagnant or standing water to live.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.643-651
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• 1999

A brief description of the current technology (contact-start-stop) employed in most of today's hard disk drive is presented. The dynamics and head/disk interactions during a start/stop process are very complicated and no one has been able to accurately model the interactions. Thus, the head/disk interface that meets the start/stop durability and stiction requirements are always developed statistically. In arriving at a solution. many sets of statistical tests are run by varying several parameters. such as, the carbon overcoat thickness. lubricant thickness. disk surface roughness, etc. Consequently, the cost associated III developing an interface could be significant since the outcome is difficult to predict. An alternative method known as Load/Unload technology alters the problem set. such that. the start/stop performance can be designed in a predictable manner. Although this techno¬logy offers superior performance and significantly reduces statistical testing time, it also has some potential problems. However. contrary to the CSS technology. most of the problems can be solved by design and not by trial and error. One critical problem is that of head/disk contacts during the loading and unloading processes. These contact can cause disk and slider damage because the contacts are likely to occur at high disk speeds resulting in large friction forces. Use of glass substrate disks also may present problems if not managed correctly. Due to the low thermal conductivity of glass substrates. any head/disk contacts may result in erasure due to frictional heating of the head/disk interface. In spite of these and other potential problems. the advantage with L/UL system is that these events can be understood. analyzed. and solved in a deterministic manner.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.124-131
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• 2013

South Korea is changing into a multi-cultural society, due to an increase in international marriage, foreign workers and transcultural immigration. In addition, the number of North Korean defectors entering South Korea has increased and now, there are approximately 25000. Therefore, this review have focused on a research that pertains to adaptation and mental health concerns of their children. Children who have immigrated themselves or whose parents have immigrated, might experience language barriers, difficulties in school adjustment, identity confusion and mental health problems. However, their academic performance and developmental status are known to be variable and be affected by socioeconomic status and their parents' educational level. Studies that evaluated the psychological problems of North Korean adolescent refugees' indicated the need for interests in both emotional and behavioral problems. The risk factors of North Korean adolescent refugees' mental health are suggested to be past traumatic experiences, long duration of defection and short period of adaptation. When mental health professionals provide assessment and treatment, they should consider the pre- and post-migration experiences & cultural background that affect the illness behaviors and attitudes toward mental illnesses. Lastly, the majority of children with multi-cultural background are still under an adolescent period and we should follow up with long-term perspectives.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.551-554
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• 2011

The production of the sharp-toothed eel by commercial catch off waters of Korea is annually declined after 1978. This study was carried out to obtain the stock management of the sharp-toothed eel using the PCR-aided RFLP method. The mtDNA COI gene was amplified using species-specific primers and PCR product was observed to 700 bp. Amplified DNA fragments were treated with six kinds of restriction enzymes (BaeHI, EcoRI, PstI, Ksp22, HinfI and HaeIII). The treatment of HaeIII showed a distinct PCR product between Yeosu/Jinhae/Jeju/Goseoung and Jangheung/Haenam populations that were observed from 300 to 400 bp in reference to 100 bp molecular marker. However, DNA fragment within populations had an identical pattern. The phylogenetic homology is 82% between two populations inferred from RFLP PCR product pattern using NTsysPC ver. 2.1. The use of HaeIII plays an important role in discriminating populations. It is thought that adults after over-wintering in the southern part of Jeju migrate to the Yeosu, Jinhae and Goseoung regions to spawn instead of to southwestern waters. Individuals within populations showed a relatively active genetic mixing and migration regardless of geography. However, the genetic ancestor of Jangheung and Haenam populations is appeared to be more adjacent to China or Japan than Jeju.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.633-641
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• 2020

Water temperature is one of the most important factors of fish survival, affecting the habitat, migration route, development, and reproduction. This experiment studied the induction level of heat shock protein (HSP70) mRNA and protein in a walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) primary hepatocyte culture based on different temperatures. Hepatocytes were attached at 7.5℃ for 24 hours. Hsp70 induction levels were then measured for 48 hours at 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17℃. The induction level was lowest at 5℃ and generally increased with temperature until 14℃. The induction level was reduced at 17℃, indicating that 14℃ is the highest tolerable temperature for hepatocytes. These data indicate that primary hepatocyte cell culture is under no stress at 5 and 8℃. Temperatures greater than 11℃ induce stress, showing similar induction patterns in both mRNA and protein in hepatocytes. The results suggest that 14℃ is the maximum internal defense temperature of walleye pollock survival.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2003

Over the past few decades, changes in patterns of behavior (e.g., diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity) have led to major changes in health status, characterized by increases in obesity, Type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. This epidemiologic transition is largely the result of rapid increases in immigration to developed countries and rural-urban migration within developing countries, which is usually accompanied by environmental and lifestyle changes. In particular, adoption of “Western” dietary patterns, which tend to be high in fat and low in fruits and vegetables, is of concern since diet is a potent contributor to chronic disease risk. However, until recently, the process by which immigrants and rural-urban migrants adopt the dietary practices predominant in their new environments, known as dietary acculturation, has received very little research attention. Dietary acculturation is multidimensional, dynamic, and complex, and varies considerably depending on a variety of personal, cultural, and environmental characteristics. Therefore, to intervene successfully on the negative aspects of dietary acculturation, it is important to understand the process and identify factors that predispose and enable it to occur. The purpose of this article is to provide a practical model for understanding and investigating the effect of dietary acculturation on food and nutrient intake. Thus, this report 1) gives an overview of acculturation, 2) defines dietary acculturation and presents a model for how it occurs, 3) discusses measurement issues around dietary acculturation,4) reviews the literature on dietary acculturation in Korean Americans; 4) suggests a paradigm for acculturation research; and 5) offers some recommendations for future research in this area.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.19-25
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• 2000

Dielectric polymer films produced from benzocyclobutene (BCB) formulations (CYCLOTENE＊ family resins) are known to possess many desirable properties for microelectronic applications; for example, low dielectric constant and dissipation factor, low moisture absorption, rapid curing on hot plate without reaction by-products, minimum shrinkage in curing process, and no Cu migration issues. Recently, BCB-based products for thick film applications have been developed, which exhibited excellent dissipation factor and dielectric constant well into the GHz range, 0.002 and 2.50, respectively. Derived from these properties, the applications are developed in: bumping/wafer level packaging, Ga/As chip ILD, optical waveguide, flat panel display, and lately in BCB-coated Cu foil for build-up board. In this paper, we review the relevant properties of BCB, then the application areas in bumping/wafer level packaging and BCB-coated Cu foil for build-up board.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.63-67
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• 2003

Electromigration characteristics of $SnAg_3Cu_{0.7}$ and eutectic SnPb solder were studied using thin stripe-type test structures. Significant changes in the microstructure of two solders were observed after electromigration test, in which the temperature and the current density were varied from 90 to $110^{\circ}C$ and from $4.0\times10^4\;A/cm^2\;to\;9.2\times10^4\;A/cm^2$. In SnAgCu solders, hillocks were main]y observed near the anode end. From resistance measurements, it was calculated that the activation energy of the SnAgCu solder for electromigration was 1.04 eV And in eutectic SnPb without the effect of pads, while depleted region was found near cathode end, Sn-rich hillocks were observed near the anode end. During eutectic SnPb electromigration, it were observed that electromigration behavior had two migration modes.