• 지역연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 1995

As an exit to solve the economic depression of the development countries in the early twentieth century, the 'old international division of labor' developed. The economic crisis(i.e., under-consumption crisis) was due to the absence of the mode of regulation compatible with the extensive regime of accumulation(i.e., "Fordist" regime). The crisis was solved by the state intervention through the creation on institutions in order to increase the level of consumption. Until the late 1960s when "high Fordism" reached(i.e., a harmonious relation between the monopoly mode of regulation and the intensive accumulation of capital), the developed core countries enjoyed a remarkable economic growth. The external market was not a necessity for the economic growth because there were increases in labor productivity and proportional increases in real wages and thus increases in consumption level. In the 1970s, however, the core faced with economic crisis again. Due to the breakdown of the postwar "Fordist" regime of capital accumulation and the post 1973 world depression, the core needed the Third World as a solution for their internal and international economic crisis. Thus the 'new international division of labor'(NIDL) arose. The "Fordist" method of production(i.e., the divisions of production process) led to the territorial division of labor and to the detailed division of labor. The aim of the NIDL is to exploit reserve armies of labor on a world scale and thus to reduce production costs. According to the NIDL model, the Third World countries have been developing by the core countries' investment on mainly labor-intensive industries and thus have been playing an important role in the global economy. And the NIDL theorists argue that multinational corporations have increasingly invested in the Third World nations and contributed to the economic growth in those regions. Tables presented in the paper show that the global trend since the 1970s does not follow the argument exactly as the NIDL theorists predicted. On the contrary, the core countries focus on developing technology, adopting the automation of production process, and trading within the core countries rather than on investing in the periopheral countries. The continuing investment of multinational corporations into the periphery is not because of cheap labor force but because of the market potentials in the regions. Majority of corporations of the core tries to reduce production costs by investing in technological development more intensively and also by changing regional strategies (i.E., investment from metropolitan areas to medium - or small - size cities, focusing on agglomeration economy, boosting regional diversification, etc.) within their own countries. The main purpose of the paper is to review and to criticize the NIDL theory based on some empirical data.IDL theory based on some empirical data.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 공동학술발표회
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• pp.1-1
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• 2017

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.165-182
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the ordinances of other local governments to propose implications and improvement plans for the ordinances of Chuncheon City. To this end, cases of overseas legislation related to youth labor rights, domestic laws and major policies of the central government were reviewed. Design/methodology/approach - This study mainly utilized literature research methods. In addition, it was based on foreign laws and case analysis, domestic laws and ordinances, and preceding research and data related to government policies. Findings - Chuncheon city ordinances are superior to those of other local governments. However, the details of the establishment of the implementation plan, the actual condition survey, and the establishment of the consultation system are included in the project contents of Article 6, so it is not concrete and clear. And there were no articles related to the labor environment check. Research implications or Originality - It is proposed to make the contents of the establishment of an implementation plan, survey, and consultation system as independent provisions. It is also proposed to establish a new article related to the youth labor environment check. In addition, it is desirable to establish detailed regulations by establishing the ordinance enforcement regulations.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2022

In Japan, the population progresses to the extreme aging society and it is entering the phase of the population decrease while the population increase is continuing in the world. The construction market is expected to shrink accordingly, however the situation of labor shortage is expected to continue at a faster rate, because the aging of construction workers is progressing and new younger labor force cannot be secured. In order to supplement the labor shortage, it is required to progress mechanization, automation, labor saving, and efficiency improvement by utilizing the information well in each stage in a series of flow of planning, design, construction, operation, and disassembly in one building. The measures to maintain and expand the construction market by the new efficiency improvement techniques which enhance the utilization degree of building information are required. Currently, the elemental technologies which utilized BIM (Building Information Modeling) are accumulated by advancing digitization in each phase. DX (Digital transformation) in the construction industry can be achieved by the technology maturing and having a series of continuities. It is anticipated that this will evolve to a new method which is unprecedented. Present status of BIM and mechanized constructions in Taisei Construction are introduced, and future prospect is described.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1395-1403
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• 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is having an adverse impact on Bangladesh's economy by affecting millions of people's life and hampering their income sources. The outbreak of COVID-19 has created more pressure on the labor market. The pandemic reduces employment opportunities as most of the companies have stopped their recruitment process to cut their operational costs, which increases the rate of graduate unemployment in Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on graduate employability in Bangladesh that adversely affects the income of families and eventually the nation's economy. A literature review has been conducted from secondary sources to evaluate the impact, which shows that the rate of graduate unemployment increased from 47% to 58% in 2020 with an expected annual loss estimated at $53 million. Findings also reveal that the prime reasons for graduate employability are low demand and huge supply of graduates in the labor market, lack of professional skills of graduates, ineffective education system, etc. The study suggests that the government of Bangladesh should develop some policies to overcome this problem such as ensuring employment subsidies, implementing skills development programs, improving labor market flexibility, initiating credit programs for generating employment, and developing entrepreneurial ecosystems in Bangladesh.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.133-151
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• 2021

Purpose - This study examines the effects of expatriate transfer on foreign affiliate's labor productivity. Design/methodology - Using Korean-owned foreign affiliate-level data, we estimate the effect of expatriate transfer on foreign affiliate's labor productivity using the system generalized method of moments model. We also consider foreign affiliate- and host country-specific contingencies and test how they are associated with expatriates in enhancing foreign affiliate's labor productivity. Findings - We consider foreign production intensity and cultural distance between the home (i.e., South Korea) and host countries as key contingencies that influence the effect of expatriates on foreign affiliate's labor productivity. We find that expatriates are effective in enhancing the labor productivity of less production-intensive foreign affiliates. This effect is strengthened as expatriates are deployed to countries that share cultural similarities with the home country. Originality/value - Considering that previous studies provide mixed results on the effect of expatriates, our findings suggest that foreign affiliate-specific operational orientation and cultural distance should be considered jointly to understand the true effect of expatriate staffing on foreign affiliate performance.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

For the implementation of innovative products or services companies use different innovation strategies, in particular, outsourcing is quite widespread, given the high level of specialization and professionalism of companies that provide such services. The aim of this article was to evaluate the link between outsourcing of innovative activities and indicators of companies' efficiency. The methodology of the research includes the methods of correlation analysis and regression analysis to reveal the correlation between the use of outsourcing of innovative products and services and the turnover of the EU enterprises. The results show a high level of innovative activity of EU enterprises (50.3% innovatively active). Innovative business processes are the most widespread form of innovation activity (41% of enterprises implement business processes, and the indicator is higher than 41% in the most developed EU countries). The turnover of enterprises with new or substantially improved products was found to grow by 10.92% for the period 2016-2018. The correlation analysis shows weak direct links between the indicator of turnover growth and the number of enterprises that have independently implemented innovations, or have implemented innovations jointly with third-party companies, or using outsourcing services. The highest level of direct connection was found between the growth of turnover of enterprises that launched a new product for the market and the growth of the number of enterprises that implemented innovations with the involvement of organizations (correlation 0.273). Based on the regression analysis it was found that with a 1% change in the growth rate of the number of innovation-active enterprises, the growth rate of turnover from new or improved products increased by 5.67%. At the same time, with a 1% change in the growth rate of the number of enterprises that implement innovation through outsourcing, the growth rate of turnover from new or improved products will increase by 7.15%.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2024

Accounting is one of the fields greatly affected by the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in general and the digital transformation trend in particular. However, the digital transformation process will also be a weakness if domestic accounting and auditing training activities do not adapt promptly and keep up with the practical requirements of social needs. Job opportunities in the accounting industry will shrink due to increased labor productivity and increasing support technologies, leading to a decrease in the need for traditional accountants. This paper focuses on clarifying the shortcomings and difficulties in accounting training activities by surveying 120 accounting lecturers teaching at domestic universities. Research results show that there are six existing factors and difficulties in accounting training activities due to the digital transformation process, including: facilities, lecturer capacity, training programs, teaching methods. teaching, assessment methods and practice and practice activities. Based on the survey results, we propose recommendations for training activities due to the impact of digital transformation at universities in Vietnam.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.81-112
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• 1998

본 연구는 미국과 멕시코의 경제적 상호관계를 미국-멕시코 국경지대의 산업화 과정을 중심으로 파악하고, 그에 따른 지역적 영향을 살펴보았다. 미국-멕시코 국경지대의 산업화는 멕시코지 마낄라도라에 대한 미국의 투자에 의해 직접적인 영향을 받았으며, 그에 따라 양국의 국경지대에서는 고용확대, 인구증가, 서비스산업의 발달이 이루어 졌다. 세계의 다국적 기업들은 표준화된 노동집약적 산업뿐만 아니라 첨단시설의 자동화 생산방식의 산업까지 저임금 노동력을 활용하기 위해 멕시코에 진출하였으며, 반면에 미국에는 관리, 연구개발 및 시장분배기능을 가진 기업들이 배치됨으로서 양국간의 공간적 분업이 이루어지고 있다. 멕시코 국경지대는 다국적 기업의 단순조립 공장들이 주로 입지한 위성산업지구이지만, 고용의 확대로 주민들의 경제적 지위가 향상되었으며 멕시코 경제 전반에 걸친 파급효과도 크다. NAFTA의 원산지 규정은 국경지대 기업간의 국지적인 연계에도 영향을 미쳐서 다국적기업의 분공장들은 부품 협력업체들과 동반진출을 추진하면서 부품공급의 현지화에 노력을 하고 있다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.107-130
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• 2009

부산 신항은 현재 개발 중에 있어 항만배후단지의 효유적인 이용이 부산 신항의 미래를 결정짓는 중요한 과제이다. 따라서 본 논문은 부산 신항의 항만배후단지의 효율적인 이용을 위해 우리나라의 교역량의 상당부분을 차지하고 있는 중국 및 일본과의 국제분업구조와 부산항의 대 중국 및 일본과의 수출입구조를 RCA지수와 GL지수를 이용하여 분석하고, 또한 부산 발전 10대 전략산업 등을 근거로 하여 부산 신항의 항만배후 단지에 유치할 적절한 산업을 선정하려고 한다. 한 중 일 3국의 국제분업구조 분석과 부산항의 대 중국 및 일본의 수출입실적 분석, 그리고 한 중 일 3국의 RCA 및 GL분석의 결과에 의하면, 3국간의 교역에서 한국의 비교우위 품목은 섬유 의류, 귀금속, 펄프 인쇄물, 기계 전기제품 등이며, 한국의 대 중국 및 일본교역에서는 기계 전기제품과 1차금속 비금속제품 등에서 산업내 무역이 이루어지고 있다. 여기에 더하여 광학 정밀기구 의료 악기 등이 높은 수출실적을 나타내고 있다. 또한 부산의 10대 전략산업인 의료, 섬유 의류 및 기계는 이미 포함되어 있으므로 자동차, 조선, 우주항공, 지능형 로봇, 나노소재, 연료전지 및 수소에너지 등이 추가될 수 있다. 그 결과 부산 신항의 항만배후단지에 유치할 산업은 저위기술분야인 섬유 의류와 펄프 인쇄물, 중저위기술분야인 귀금속과 1차금속 비금속제품은 물론 중고위기술분야인 기계 전기제품, 자동차, 조선, 고위기술분야인 광학 정밀기구 의료 악기, 나노소재, 연료전기, 우주항공, 지능형 로봇 등을 위주로 하고 이와 연관된 산업도 유치하는 것이 합리적이라 할 수 있다.